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With changes in technology and a renewed effort to catalog the world's biodiversity, huge amounts of data are being generated on biodiversity issues. As response to the call for better information systems to manage the biodiversity crisis, a wide range of solutions are being developed for inventorying, managing, and disseminating taxonomic data. This book brings together a diverse array of authors, expertise, and assessors that discuss technical developments to improve the construction, population, and dissemination of biodiversity information. It is designed to inform students and researchers of biodiversity about the changes and challenges that need to be understood by everyone in this information age.

In this debate section, four Belgian political scientists reflect on the theoretical relevance of the lengthy political crisis that Belgium has known following the elections of June 2010. It is argued that the absence of a federal government did not lead to a policy vacuum, as regional governments, the European Union, public service managers and Members of Parliament tried to expand the scope of their authority. Given trends towards multi-level governance, it is expected that the Belgian political system will manage to survive, even if one of the levels of government (temporarily) falls out. Adapted from the source document.

Professor Ali Farazmand's thought‐provoking article advances the argument that the "administrative capacity to manage" governance and economic systems in the new age of "rapid change, hyper‐complexity, and globalization" needs to be designed at both the macro and the micro levels. There is no doubt that traditional models of governance and public administration are no match for the challenges of the new chaotic environment, particularly in the aftermath of the outbreak of the global financial crisis that has largely discredited a world economic order founded on Anglo‐American financial capitalism. Building administrative capacity worldwide is an imperative of our time.

"Clinton Eclipses Obama and Edwards on Leadership" a Gallup Poll report headlined in January 2007. Gallup chose eight characteristics to determine this assessment, including being most qualified to be president, is the strongest leader, would be the best in a crisis, would manage the government most effectively, and would work the best with Congress. In a summary of its findings, the report concludes: "Among the characteristics and qualities tested, Clinton's strong points are almost uniformly related to presidential leadership. She holds a formidable lead on many items in this category, including being qualified to be president and being a strong leader" (Saad 2007).

AbstractThe new‐style currency crises that have afflicted a number of developing and emerging economies of late are characterised by sudden stops in capital inflows and adverse balance sheet effects. Given the potential high costs of these crises, there remains an ongoing debate on how they might best be managed when they do arise. This paper argues that the age‐old Swan diagram, appropriately modified, is able to provide useful insights into how a country might manage a new‐style crisis via a combination of adjustment (which involves expenditure switching and reducing polices) and financing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

English
This article discusses the nature of trust and its importance for pensions policy. Trust in the financial services sector has suffered in the face of a 'pensions crisis'. Government's response focuses on 'empowering' consumers through education, information and pensions simplification, to create a domain of 'active trust' (Giddens, 1994). This approach is likely to fail many, and government must focus on rebuilding trust in its own ability to manage long-term pensions policy. It is argued that this should involve a greater role for government as a provider, but in any event the first step is a meaningful dialogue with the public.

Do financial crises radicalize voters? We study Germanyâ s banking crisis of 1931, when two major banks collapsed and voting for radical parties soared. We collect new data on bank branches and firm-bank connections of 5,610 firms. Incomes plummeted in cities affected by the bank failures; connected firms curtailed payrolls. Nazi votes surged in locations exposed to Danatbank, led by a Jewish manager â but not in those suffering from the other bankâ s failure. Unobservables or pre-trends do not explain the results. Danatbankâ s collapse boosted Nazi support, especially in cities with deep-seated anti-Semitism, suggesting a synergy between cultural and economic channels.

This article discusses the role of photography in building the collective imagination during the Covid-19 pandemic. We intend to trace the existing relationships and in turn highlight the discrepancies between the photographic practices of the media with those of the photographers Florence Goupil and Claudio Santana. Through this analytical reading we seek to show how theseartists participate in the construction of a counterimaginal of the pandemic that differs from the global homogeneous discourse by integrating the territories outside the urban centers, politics, public interest and media. It also seeks to show how they manage to rethink the pandemic from a war crisis to a social crisis, with the focus on the body and care, inviting both an ethical and aestheticreading through their photographs. These proposals manage to transcend the communication frameworks and stigmatizing stereotypes of the disease in the construction of a discourse that recognizes and welcomes different communities and the consequences that the outbreak of the pandemic has brought, thus destabilizing the dominant images offered by the media. ; En este artículo se analiza el papel de la fotografía en la construcción del imaginario colectivo durante la pandemia del Covid-19. Nos proponemos trazar las relaciones existentes y a su vez evidenciar las discordancias entre las prácticas fotográficas de los medios de comunicación con las de los fotógrafos Florence Goupil y Claudio Santana. Mediante esta lectura analítica se busca evidenciar cómo estos artistas participan en la construcción de un contraimaginario de la pandemia que se diferencia del discurso homogéneo global al integrar los territorios al margen de los centros urbanos, de la política, del interés público y mediático. También busca evidenciar cómo consiguen replantear la pandemia desde una crisis bélica a una crisis social, con el foco en el cuerpo y en los cuidados, invitando a una lectura tanto ética como estética a través de sus fotografías. Estas propuestas consiguen traspasar los marcos comunicacionales y los estereotipos estigmatizantes de la enfermedad en la construcción de un discurso que reconoce y acoge distintas comunidades y las consecuencias que ha traído la irrupción de la pandemia, desestabilizando así, las imágenes dominantes ofrecidas por los medios de comunicación.

Capital controls are seen as a means to promote financial stability or improve macroeconomic adjustment in economies with nominal rigidities and suboptimal monetary policy. Such controls may take various forms, including explicit or implicit taxation of cross-border financial flows and dual or multiple exchange rate systems. Using a quarter dataset on capital controls actions in 27 emerging economies from 2010 to 2018, the study analyzes the effectiveness of capital controls (CCs) along different angles. Since the 2008 financial crisis, strengthening capital controls has allowed more monetary policy autonomy and exchange rate stability, verifying the Mundell-Fleming trilemma model. Following CCs, the results show that accumulating international reserves may compensate for the loss of inflows and lead to more effective policies. Tighter CCs on inflows cause significant spillovers, specifically in the conditions of liquidity abundance. These spillovers originate from the problem of policy coordination of emerging economies and are mainly caused by capital controls being used as an instrument to manage capital flows. For governments that have to manage the risks associated with inflow surges or disruptive outflows, capital controls need to play a key role.

Violence against police is a problem that calls for organizational solutions. Among dangers to be avoided are crisis-induced panic and the minimization of the problem, as well as strategic planning by police leadership without rank-and-file participation. Even the most serious violence problems afford opportunities for learning if such problems are addressed by cross sections of a police department's membership. Police unions can be involved as partners in organizational problem solving, as has occurred in industry in Quality of Work Life (QWL) experiments. Joint worker- manager problem solving is independent of labor manage ment negotiations, which can take adversary form. Recent experiences in the Oakland Police Department have shown that even problem officers—officers who contribute to citizen confrontations—can design interventions that reduce violence levels in a community. The Oakland model presupposes that organizational reform activity can simultaneously increase organizational effectiveness and enhance personal problem- solving capacities. As officers help shape a more responsive police agency, they engage in activities—analyzing data and evolving data-based solutions—that refine their skills and build their morale.