Suchergebnisse

Šī maģistra darba galvenais mērķis ir analizēt Latvijas īstenoto publisko diplomātiju, lai gūtu iespējami precīzu Latvijas publiskās diplomātijas atainojumu. Mūsdienu ārpolitikas īstenošanā aizvien lielāka nozīme ir ārvalstu sabiedrības viedoklim, tādēļ aizvien svarīgāka kļūst publiskā diplomātija kā ārpolitisko mērķu sasniegšanas instruments. Par pētījuma hipotēzi izvirzīts pieņēmums, ka publiskā diplomātija kā diplomātijas sastāvdaļa tiek izmantota kā līdzeklis Latvijas ārpolitisko mērķu sasniegšanā starptautiskā arēnā pēc valsts neatkarības atjaunošanas. Darbā publiskā diplomātija tiek skatīta šaurākā nozīmē – kā diplomātijas sastāvdaļa, tādēļ padziļināti tiek analizēts ārlietu dienests kā publiskās diplomātijas īstenotājs. Tāpat darbā tiek sniegta autores izveidota publiskās diplomātijas īstenošanā izmantojamo instrumentu klasifikācija. Pētījuma empīriskajā daļā tiek ilustrēta Latvijas publiskās diplomātijas attīstība kopš 1991. gada un raksturota Latvijas ārlietu dienesta darbība publiskās diplomātijas jomā. Lai pierādītu izvirzīto hipotēzi darbā tiek skatītas publiskās diplomātijas izmantošana 2 valsts ārpolitisko mērķu gadījumā: nacionālās drošības stiprināšana un ārējo ekonomisko interešu īstenošana. Darba noslēgumā tiek apstiprināta izvirzītā hipotēze un sniegts Latvijas publiskās diplomātijas izvērtējums, iezīmētas galvenās problēmas un sniegti ierosinājumi situācijas uzlabošanai. ; The principal objective of this Master's Paper is to analyse the PD of Latvia in order to obtain as accurate depiction of that as possible. In the 21st century, public opinions in foreign countries become increasingly important for the implementation of a country's foreign policy, therefore public diplomacy as an instrument for foreign policy implementation acquires all the more significance. The hypothesis for the research is the assumption that PD as part of diplomacy is used as means for achieving the foreign policy goals of Latvia on the international arena after the restoration of independence of the country. The paper looks at PD in a narrower sense – as part of diplomacy, and therefore Foreign Service has been analysed as an implementer of foreign policy. The paper also presents the author's classification of instruments applied in the implementation of PD. The empirical part of the paper illustrates the development of Latvia's PD since 1991, and characterises the activities of the foreign service of Latvia in the field of PD. To prove the hypothesis, the paper deals with the application of PD in two areas of the national foreign policy: strengthening national security, and pursuing economic interests. Data obtained during the interviews with 14 experts have been used. The research for the paper proves the proposed hypothesis. The conclusion to the paper contains the evaluation of PD carried out by Latvia, an outline of principal problems and recommendations for improving the situation.

Mūsdienu starptautiskajā politikā aizvien lielāka nozīme ir ārvalstu sabiedrības viedoklim, līdz ar to svarīgāka kļūst publiskā diplomātija kā vienas valsts vai citu starptautisko dalībnieku mēģinājums ietekmēt citu valstu vai reģionu sabiedrības viedokli un veidot pamatu jaunai sabiedrības attieksmei, kas nodrošina iespēju sasniegt ārpolitiskus mērķus. Krievijas Federācija kā aktīva starptautisko attiecību veicēja sāk apzināties un attīstīt publiskās diplomātijas līdzekļus, kas atrodas tās rīcībā un kas palīdz veicināt ārpolitisko mērķu sasniegšanu. Šī maģistra darba galvenais mērķis ir analizēt Krievijas Federācijas pēc 2000. gada īstenoto publisko diplomātiju, lai saņemtu pēc iespējas precīzu Krievijas Federācijas publiskās diplomātijas atainojumu. Pētījumam ir izvirzīta hipotēze, pieņēmums, ka Krievijas Federācijas publiska diplomātija ir efektīvs tās ārpolitikas īstenošanas līdzeklis Latvijā. Darba teorētiskajā daļā tiek dots publiskās diplomātijas jēdziena raksturojums, tās nozīme un īstenotāji. Pētījuma empīriskajā daļā ir ilustrēta Krievijas Federācijas publiskās diplomātijas attīstība pēc 2000.gada un ir raksturota Krievijas Federācijas ārlietu resoru darbība publiskās diplomātijas sfērā. Lai pārbaudītu hipotēzi, darbā ir analizēti publiskās diplomātijas līdzekļi, kurus izmanto Krievijas Federācija, ka arī veikts to izvērtējums un pielietošana Latvijas gadījumā. Darba noslēgumā tiek veikts Krievijas Federācijas publiskās diplomātijas izvērtējums un ir iezīmētas problēmas, ar kurām sastopas Krievijas Federācija, savu ārpolitisko mērķu realizācijai izmantojot publisko diplomātiju. Darba gaitā izvirzītā hipotēze netiek apstiprināta, tādējādi Krievijas Federācijas publiskās diplomātijas līdzekļi nav efektīvi ārpolitikas īstenošanas rīki. Pētījumā ir izdarīti secinājumi, ka Krievijas Federācija, īstenojot publisko diplomātiju, saskaras ar lielām problēmām, kur visbūtiskākais ir neapzināti īstenota publiskā diplomātija, nav kontrolēta tās atbilstība ārpolitiskajiem mērķiem, trūkst koordinācijas starp publiskās diplomātijas īstenotājiem. ; Nowadays public opinion of foreign countries is becoming more and more imperative in international politics. As a result, public diplomacy is gaining greater importance for countries and other political actors in order to influence public opinion of other countries with the intention to form a basis for a new public opinion, which would ensure an achievement of certain foreign policy goals. The Russian Federation as an active player in international relations has started to recognize and actively develop public diplomacy tools, which it currently owns and which can help to embody its foreign policy strategy. Main objective of this document is to analyze public diplomacy executed by The Russian Federation after 2000 in order to evaluate its performance. The research hypothesis of this master thesis is: "The Russian Federation public diplomacy is effective enough for its foreign policy strategy successful execution in Latvia". This research theoretical justification part contains a description of public diplomacy as a term, its meaning and actors involved. The empirical part of this research illustrates the development of public diplomacy in The Russian Federation after 2000 and describes activities of country's foreign policy institutions. To validate the hypothesis, this document describes public diplomacy tools which are used by The Russian Federation as well as evaluates an application of those tools in a case of Latvia. In a final analysis part of this document there is an evaluation of public diplomacy of The Russian Federation and a description of specific problems faced by The Russian Federation while achieving its foreign policy goals through implementation of its public diplomacy strategies. As a result, the stated research hypothesis has not been proved, which means that public diplomacy tools used by The Russian Federation have not been identified as sufficient for its foreign policy successful execution. Research conclusions show that Russia faces significant problems in its public diplomacy, where the major problem is a spontaneously performed public diplomacy with a lack of defined responsibilities and non-compliance with foreign policy goals, as well as unclear coordination among public diplomacy actors.

This article explores Turkey's public diplomacy and soft power policies under the government of the Justice and Development Party (JDP) over the period of 2003 to 2016. Thus, Turkish foreign policy is analysed within the framework of soft power policy and the new institutional design of the country's public diplomacy. The main research questions of the study are as follows: "What are Turkey's public diplomacy mechanisms and instruments, and furthermore, why did Turkey begin to implement public diplomacy under the JDP governments? Additionally, how does Turkey implement soft power policies in line with the new foreign policy doctrine?" The study has two fundamental arguments: First, the JDP leaders' ambition to become a regional power and the leader of the Middle East and Muslim world has played the chief role in pushing forward with public diplomacy and soft power policies. Secondly, the new vision and identity of the ruling party leaders have been effective in the transformation process for a shift towards soft power and public diplomacy in new foreign policy doctrine within a modern understanding. In this context, the JDP rule initiated public diplomacy and soft power policies until the Arab Spring, which era could characterize the rise of Turkish soft power. However, Turkish soft power began to fall particularly in the wake of the Syrian crisis. ; Bu makale 2003-2016 yılları arasındaki AK Parti döneminde uygulanan Türkiye'nin kamu diplomasisi ve yumuşak güç politikalarını analiz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda araştırmada yumuşak güç kavramı ve kamu diplomasisinin yeni kurumsal mekanizmaları çerçevesinde Türk dış politikasının analiz edilmesi yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışma için şu temel araştırma soruları belirlenmiştir: Türkiye'nin kamu diplomasisi mekanizmaları ve araçları nelerdir?, Neden Türkiye, AK Parti döneminde kamu diplomasisi politikası uygulama gereğini duymuştur?, ayrıca Türkiye, yumuşak güç politikasını nasıl yeni dış politika doktrini düzleminde uygulamıştır? Bu çerçevede iki temel argüman geliştirilmiştir: Birincisi, kamu diplomasisi ve yumuşak güç politikalarının uygulanmasını sağlayan motivasyon, AK Parti liderlerinin Müslüman Ortadoğu'da bölgesel güç ve İslam dünyasının lideri olma ideali olmuştur. İkincisi, AK Parti liderlerinin yeni vizyon ve kimliği, kamu diplomasisi ve yumuşak güç temelli dış politika doktrinini dönüştürmüştür. Arap Baharı sürecine kadar AK Parti hükümetleri, kamu diplomasisi ve yumuşak güç politikalarını uygulamıştır. Ancak Suriye krizi, Türkiye'nin komşularla sıfır sorun, serbest ticaret bölgesi inşa etme gibi yumuşak güç politikalarının sonunu getirmiştir. Bundan sonra hükümetin sert güç politikalarını uygulamaya geçmesiyle birlikte Türk dış politikasında 2003 ile 2011 arası yükselişte olan yumuşak gücün düşüşü başlamıştır.

This article examines the linkages between diplomacy and public diplomacy activities by tracing the promotion of American Studies in the Netherlands against the backdrop of US-Dutch diplomatic relations. The development of American Studies within the university systems of other nations has been a central part of US public diplomacy strategy since the Second World War. The belief has always been that this will contribute towards foreign publics being well-informed about the United States, its people and policies. By providing opportunities for research and teaching in the United States, and ultimately by establishing permanent positions, an academic community could be nurtured whose members would function as interpreters of all things American within their national environment. In this way a cross-border cultural affinity can be cultivated to provide a positive context for the practice of diplomatic relations. The case of the Netherlands demonstrates the interlinkage of short-term and long-term interests in pursuing this approach. Adapted from the source document.