Suchergebnisse

Fukuyama reviews 'Managing Global Chaos: Sources of and Responses to International Conflict' edited by Chester A. Crocker and Fen Osler Hampson. A book review is presented of Managing Global Chaos: Sources of and Responses to International Conflict edited by Chester A. Crocker and Fen Olser Hampson.

Over the last two decades, the post-Soviet space has undergone remarkable changes: new conflicts have emerged, transnational infrastructures have been constructed, new institutions have been created and new security concerns have appeared. However, until relatively recently, scant attention has been paid to the significance of alternative approaches to geopolitics as an explanatory paradigm to assist in understanding the new changes in the post-Soviet space. The five articles in this Special Issue seek to fill this gap in the existing debate on foreign policy in the post-Soviet space, using a number of conceptual and methodological tools to shed light on the multiple forms of intertwined dynamics that are currently shaping relations across the region. They seek to facilitate a better understanding of previously observed, but unexplained and neglected, phenomena associated with the complexities of international relations in the post-Soviet space. This article serves as an introduction to the Special Issue "The (re)-politicisation of international relations in the post-Soviet space" and outlines the key research questions to which answers have been sought by experts.

This paper examines the relationship between international human rights regimes and the pursuit of United Sates national interests in the 21st century. Archival research or literature survey, content analysis, and the realist theory of international human rights were adopted for the inquiry. The core objectives of the paper were to assess US human rights posture; find out if US international defence of human rights and interventions is without bias; and to determine if there is a positive relationship between US pursuit of national interest and US human rights policy. The results of analysis show that US has both internal and external poor human rights posture; and there is lack of neutrality in US international human rights campaign. The results further reveal that there are different supranational principles of human rights and institutions; and although the US refused to ratify key international human rights regimes, they have being used consistently to advance US national interests. It is therefore concluded that international human rights regimes are weakened by conflict of value systems and Great powers politics.

Preliminary Notes -- Introduction -- Chapter 1. The International Significance of Deep-sea Hydrothermal Vents -- Chapter 2. Framework Treaties and Key Concepts in International Law -- Chapter 3. Regional and Other Environmental Treaties -- Chapter 4. The Continental Shelf Regime -- Chapter 5. The Common Heritage of Mankind -- Chapter 6. Domestic Legal Regimes Regulating Activities at Hydrothermal Vent Sites within National Jurisdiction -- Chapter 7. The Emerging Deep Sea Biotechnology Industry -- Chapter 8. Marine Scientific Research -- Chapter 9. The Role of the International Seabed Authority -- Chapter 10. Elements of the Future International Legal Regime -- Table of Treaties, Agreements and Declarations -- Table of Legislation -- Table of Cases -- Bibliography -- Appendices -- Index.

Intro -- Vorwort -- Inhaltsübersicht -- Inhaltsverzeichnis -- Abbildungsverzeichnis -- Tabellenverzeichnis -- Einleitung -- Erster Teil: Definition des Untersuchungsgegenstands -- A. Vorverständnis der Unionsrechtsordnung -- B. Anschlussfähigkeit an vorhandene Forschungsprojekte und Terminologie -- C. Eigener Ansatz -- D. Skizzierung des Forschungsbereichs und Definition des Begriffs internationales Kooperationsrecht -- I. Begriffswahl: Kooperationsrecht -- II. Primäres Kooperationsrecht -- 1. Form -- 2. Institutionelle Struktur -- 3. Zielsetzung und Fokus -- III. Sekundäres Kooperationsrecht -- IV. Internationales Kooperationsrecht -- V. Kurzdefinition des internationalen Kooperationsrechts -- VI. Abgrenzung gegenüber verwandten Erscheinungen -- Zweiter Teil: Internationales Kooperationsrecht aus einerempirisch-statistischen Perspektive: Ein quantitativ beachtliches rechtstatsächliches Phänomen des Unionsrechts -- A. Zum Erkenntnisgewinn durch empirisch-statistische Forschung und zu methodologischen Hindernissen -- I. Zum Begriff der empirisch-statistischen Forschung -- II. Zu den Gründen der (fehlenden) Offenheit gegenüber empirisch-statistischen Methoden -- III. Zum möglichen Erkenntnisgewinn empirisch-statistischer Ansätze -- IV. Zu den methodologischen Hindernissen -- V. Folgerungen für das weitere Vorgehen -- B. Formulierung empirisch zu testender Hypothesen -- I. Quantitativ beachtliches rechtstatsächliches Phänomen des Unionsrechts -- 1. Mengenmäßig und prozentual nicht zu vernachlässigendes rechtstatsächliches Phänomen des Unionsrechts -- 2. Beständiges rechtstatsächliches Phänomen des Unionsrechts -- 3. Prozentual und absolut wachsendes rechtstatsächliches Phänomen des Unionsrechts -- II. Empirisch nachweisbar eigenständiges Profil des Kooperationsrechts -- III. Kein auf die Europäische Gemeinschaft beschränktes Phänomen.

INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS - ICSU SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL Newsletter No. 63 December 1996 Code Number:NL97004 Sizes of Files: Text: 168.8K Graphics: No associated graphics files CONTENTS MEETING REPORTS 25th General Assembly of ICSU and Associated Meetings Julia Marton-Lefevre, Executive Director, ICSU The 25th General Assembly of ICSU was held in Washington D.C. from 24 to 27 September 1996, twenty years after the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) of the United States had hosted ICSU's 16th General Assembly. The Assembly was preceded by a number of ICSU related meetings organized in Washington. Resolutions of the 25th General Assembly of ICSU 1. The need for Radio Frequency Spectrum for Radio Science 2. ICSU Statement on Principles for Use of Animals for Research and Education 3. Science in the 21st Century 4. COBIOTECH/COGENE 5. Assessment of ICSU 6. Freedom in the Conduct of Science 7. Electronic Publishing 8. Capacity Building in Science 9. Environment 10. DIVERSITAS 11. Ethics 12. Science in Developing Countries 13. Access to Data and Information 14. Agriculture and Food Security 15. History of ICSU 16. Finance 17. Conference on the Discovery of Polonium and Radium 18. Women in Science, Engineering, and Technology 19. Expressions of Appreciation Workshop. on the Financing of Basic Research in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union Christine Glenday, on detail to ICSU from NSF, USA As a result of a recommendation ICSU's Special Committee on Science in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union (COMSCEE), ICSU hosted a two day "Workshop on the Financing of Basic Research in Central and Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union" at the ICSU headquarters in Paris on July 15-16, 1996. GETTING TO KNOW Introducing new Members of the ICSU Executive Board and General Committee (1996-1999) Werner Arber Yola Verhasselt Peter John Wyllie Thomas B.A. Senior Albert E. Fischli Jan S. Nilsson Bruno Messerli Philip Coppens Shigefumi Mori Robin Brett Gery d'Ydewalle Siegfried J. Bauer Juri Engelbrecht Horst Kleinkauf Anne McLaren Hideo Ohashi Qian Yi Michael O. Rabin Jana Slotova Shem Oyoo Wandiga David L. Hawksworth New Activities at World Resources Institute Walter V. Reid, Vice President for Program, World Resources Institute, Washington, D.C. Introduction The World Resources Institute (WRI) was established 14 years ago as a policy research center seeking to help governments, international organizations, and private business address a fundamental question: How can societies meet basic human needs and nurture economic growth without undermining the natural resources and environmental integrity on which life, economic vitality, and international security depend? WRI seeks to move human society to live in ways that protect Earth's environment and its capacity to provide for the needs and aspirations of current and future generations. Because people are inspired by ideas, empowered by knowledge, and moved to change by greater understanding, WRI provides -- and helps other institutions provide -- objective information and practical proposals for policy and institutional change that will foster environmentally sound, socially equitable, development. WRI's particular concerns are with globally significant environmental problems that are ubiquitous or affect the global commons, and their interaction with economic development and social equity at all levels. SPOTLIGHTS ON SCIENCE Symposium on Science and Human Goals in the 21st Century National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Washington DC 24 September 1996 Sophie Boyer King, Environmental Science Officer The Symposium on Science and Human Goals in the 21st Century preceded the 25th General Assembly of the International Council of Scientific Unions. Synopsis F.S. Rowland, the Foreign Secretary of the National Academy of Sciences, opened the Symposium by noting that the Academy had hosted the ICSU General Assembly twenty years ago, and was one of ICSU's rounding members. The objectives of the Symposium were to demonstrate the Inherently international character of science and its contributions to knowledge and to practical solutions to problems facing humanity in the 21st century. Opening remarks by invited speakers at 25th General Assembly of ICSU Bruce Alberts, President, US National Academy of Sciences It is an honor to welcome all of you -- delegates and guests - - to our home in Washington. And I have the pleasure of sharing this podium with my fellow speakers tonight -- two outstanding leaders in the US scientific community: Dr. Jack Gibbons, Science Advisor to President Clinton, and Dr. Neal Lane, Director of the National Science Foundation. And, of course, the distinguished President of ICSU, James Dooge. John H. Gibbons Science Advisor to President Clinton I. Introduction Good evening. I am delighted to be here with so many of my colleagues and to have the opportunity to speak to you tonight. I understand that this is the first time in twenty years that the International Council of Scientific Unions has held its General Assembly in the United States. I join Dr. Rowland and Dr. Alberts in welcoming you to Washington and in congratulating you on the twenty-fifth meeting of the ICSU General Assembly. Neal Lane, Director, National Science Foundation What Einstein said that we did not hear Members of the ICSU General Assembly and invited guests, it is an honor to participate in these opening ceremonies. It is an honor, also, for the United States to host this 25th General Assembly. As I look out across this representation from so many of the world's nations, I am reminded of the comment of the American Secretary of State, Dean Rusk. He said, "The world is round. Only one-third of its people are asleep at any one time. The other two-thirds are awake and causing mischief somewhere". NEWS IN BRIEF Trends in Science and Technology Careers: Report of an International Conference Sherburne B. Abbott, Director, Committee on International Organizations and Programs, U.S. National Research Council In 1990, the 23rd General Assembly of ICSU passed a resolution noting concern about the apparent declining interest of younger generations in science, and calling on ICSU to examine the magnitude of the problem. The Assembly reasoned that because the science and technology enterprise depends on the continuing flow of new talent into the field, declining student interest could have a significant and devastating long-term impact on the size and quality of the workforce in any nation and on the global pool of scientists and engineers. Conclusions and Recommendations from the UN/Norway Conference on Alien Species Trondheim, Norway, 1-5 July 1996 Peter J. Schei, Conference Chairman Article 8 (h) of the Convention on Biological Diversity calls on each contracting Partner to, as far as possible and as appropriate, prevent the introduction of, control or eradicate those alien species which threaten ecosystems, habitats or species. Scientists, managers and policy advisors from 80 countries and representatives from several UN bodies, institutions and organisations gathered in Trondheim on 1-5 July 1996, at the invitation of the Government of Norway, against the background of the challenges related to the implementation of relevant provisions in article 8 of the Convention on Biological Diversity related to alien species. Assessment of ICSU R. Schmitt, Chair of the Panel to Assess ICSU, set up by the 33rd meeting of the General Committee, attended the General Assembly of ICSU at which time the Report was officially presented to ICSU. According to the General Assembly Resolution on this matter, the Executive Board has been asked to formulate a strategy for responding to the recommendations of the Assessment Panel Report and to present its suggested actions for approval by an Extraordinary General Assembly of ICSU to be held before the end of 1998. The full text of the Report has since been sent to all ICSU family members and partners with a request for their written input by 30 April 1997. The following are excerpts from the Final Report of the ICSU Assessment Panel, copies of which are available from the ICSU Secretariat. Summary of Assessment Panel Recommendations We make recommendations in five areas: core activities and priorities, science policy, voice and outreach, governance, and membership. PUBLICATIONS NEWS New Edition of "Understanding Our Planet" The 1996 edition of "Understanding Our Planet", was launched at the 25th ICSU General Assembly in Washington D.C. This brochure is an overview of ICSU's programmes and activities on Global Change, and is an update of the first "Understanding Our Planet" published in 1993. Science International: A History of the International Council of Scientific Unions by Frank Greenaway Science International is the first history of a worldwide organization of scientists, now involving thousands of participants, which was started a century ago when a few visionaries rounded the International Association of Academies (1899-1919). This was succeeded by an International Research Council, which, in 1931, became the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU). This history describes how national academies and International Unions of scientists from specific disciplines learned to work together, and shows that from these alliances sprang great cooperative projects, such as the International Geophysical Year and the International Biological Programme, as well as the creation of a global scientific organization directed to the study of the entire planet and prospects for the human race. The History of ICSU: an author's reflections Frank Greenaway When I was asked, in November 1992, to write an official history of ICSU I hardly expected it to turn out to be an adventure in personal recollection. But it did. FUTURE MEETINGS Achievements, Benefits and Challenges WMO/ICSU/IOC Conference on the World Climate Research Programme H. Grassl, Director, WCRP The international sponsors of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), announce an important Conference from 26 to 28 August 1997 in Geneva. Scientists, policy makers and advisers alike will have the opportunity to review the achievements of the WCRP, and to shape the course for the next decade. OBITUARY Professor Arne Magneli Professor Abdus Salam CALENDAR OF FORTHCOMING MEETINGS Details of Events Form Jan 1997 - June 1997

Includes bibliographical references. ; In the post or neo-colonial era, the question of fair and equitable treatment of indigenous peoples remains a subject of international political and legal discourse. Efforts have been made to study ways of promoting and protecting indigenous rights and to develop international norms for the protection of these rights. These efforts have sprung forth a plethora of questions; these questions include 'who qualifies as indigenous peoples?' and 'what rights do they enjoy under international law.' This thesis takes a cursory look at the conceptual underpinnings of indigenous peoples and specifically evaluates their right to culture in the parlance of international law.

Tensions and occasional overt defiance of international courts suggest that compliance with international regimes is not a self-evident choice for domestic judges. I develop a formal theory of domestic judicial defiance in which domestic and supranational judges vie for jurisprudential authority in a non-hierarchical setting. The model emphasises the role of domestic non-compliance costs and power asymmetries in determining the conduct of domestic and international judges. I argue that the EU represents a special case of a particularly effective international regime. Weak domestic courts have little to gain from an escalated conflict with the European court of Justice. But even domestic judicial superpowers like the German Federal Constitutional Court have strong incentives to seek mutual accommodation with European judges. The analysis also yields new insights into concepts, such as "judicial dialogue" and "constitutional pluralism" that have featured prominently in the legal literature, and suggests new hypotheses for empirical research.

50 years after the publication of the first and influential article in international relations (IR) analyzing foreign aid motivations, A theory of foreign aid, by Hans Morgenthau, IR scholarship has not yet accomplished a consistent theoretical body explaining international development cooperation. Most of the empirical studies on foreign aid have been contributions from other disciplines, especially economics. Research from the field of international relations has been mostly descriptive or poorly connected with IR paradigms.This article proposes to analyze motivations of foreign aid allocations decisions of donors. These motivations will be examined from the theoretical perspective of the international relations scholarship. In this way, it is sought to contribute, from the discipline of IR, to the explanation of the process in which developed countries make transfers of resources to developing countries.CITE AS:Pauselli, G. (2013). Teorías de relaciones internacionales y la explicación de la ayuda externa. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 2 (1): 72-92