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The consequence of the state of the law is legislation to be an essential instrument in regulating public life. However, in some parts of Indonesia, they can make their regional regulation slightly different from the constitution, wherein this article will focus on Qanun in Aceh Province. The research used in this paper is normative law research. This research used sequential data or library data. Secondary data consists of primary law materials, secondary law materials, and tertiary law materials. The approach method used is the legislative approach and the conceptual approach. The formulation of the problem in this paper is how the standard pattern of consideration in the Law, Regional Regulations, and Qanun is based on legislation. The results show that in the Law in Consideration, Consider using the word "membentuk" or "form" because the law-making institution consists of legislative institutions and executive institutions. Regional regulation considers using the word "menetapkan" or "establish" because the institution that makes local regulations is a local government consisting of elements of local governments and local people's representative councils. This consideration follows Annex II of Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation as amended by Law Number 15 of 2019. However, the Qanun used the word "membentuk" or "form" due following Article 233 paragraph (1) of Law Number 11 the Year 2006 on Aceh Governance and Annex II of Aceh Qanun Number 5 of 2011 on the Procedures for the Establishment of Qanun.

Military-on-military sexual violence—the type of sexual violence that most directly disrupts operations, harms personnel, and undermines recruiting—occurs with astonishing frequency. The U.S. military has responded with a campaign to prevent and punish military-on-military sex crimes. This campaign, however, has made little progress, partly because of U.S. military law, a special realm of criminal justice dominated by legal precedents involving sexual violence and racialized images. By promulgating images and narratives of sexual exploitation, violent sexuality, and female subordination, the military justice system has helped to sustain a legal culture that reifies the connection between sexual violence and authentic soldiering.

On Monday, 5 October 2020, the Draft Law on Job Creation was ratified by the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia and the manuscript was signed by the government on November 3, 2020. Therefore, since November 3, 2020, the Draft Law on Job Creation promulgated in Law Number 11 Year 2020 on Job Creation. Based on the existing official text, the researcher intended to compare the rights of female workers as regulated in Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower with Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. The research method used in this study was a normative juridical research, with a statutory and conceptual approach, descriptive analytical research specifications, data collection by literature study, and qualitative data analysis. The protection of female workers as referred to in the previous labor law was still valid and was not discussed at all in Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. Therefore, it could be ascertained that the refusal of workers during the process of the Draft Law on Job Creation is wrong. The article which was amended related to the protection of female workers did not change the substance of the protection of female workers as previously regulated through Law Number 13 Year 2003 on Manpower. The Qur'an has been explained that people need to provide special rights for female workers. Explicitly, there is no verses in the Qur'an that mentioned the word 'special rights for female workers'. However, implicitly, there were general arguments based on the verses in the Qur'an that could be used as a basis for granting this right. Some of the special rights of female workers were implicitly communicated in Islamic teachings.

This article considers the extent to which civil and criminal law in Singapore deters the unlawful removal of cultural objects from the possession of private owners, art galleries and museums, or from archaeological sites, and provides redress to victims. Given Singapore's position as the crossroads of Asia, the law must be able to cope with the flow of objects in and out of the country. The law is currently deficient as it is not tailored to deal with issues concerning cultural heritage, and needs to be reformed in several respects. There are sound reasons for a modern State like Singapore to enact legislation, as well as to enter into regional and international treaties, to protect its national heritage and to promote global co-operation in opposing the illicit trade in unlawfully removed cultural objects.

Author made an attempt to understand the place and role of the constitutional and legal fundamentals (Constitution and other constitutional laws), which proclaim the right for the education and regulate the implementation of the right for higher education (on the example of the Russian legislation) in the global process of the internationalization of the institution of education in general and higher education in particular. The policy objective of modernization of education in the medium term is to ensure Russia's competitiveness on a global level. This goal is achievable, if it is be possible in the coming years to ensure the optimal ratio of cost and quality in the fields of education and science, as well as effective mechanisms for the constitutional and administrative and law management of the institutions of higher education in Russia. Relations arising in the field of public administration in the field of higher education, as well as the main subject of this relationship school, are constantly at the center of scientific interest, which is understandable on the basis of the important role, assigned to them in society in terms of administrative and legal reform in Russian Federation. In majority of the national public education system at the constitutional level vocational school focused not on simple reproduction (an increase in) of the labor force but is directly related to the world of work, sector of the economy, scientific and technological progress.

The Society has made available to members and subscribers to the Journal, and others, a compilation in mimeographed form of current official documents entitled "International Legal Materials."

Discusses prosecution of the war against terrorism in terms of international law. It is argued that international law must evolve to meet the challenge as terrorism also changes. The counterterrorist efforts of the United Nations Security Council as well as the General Assembly are described. One attempt to bring international law into conformity with the current counterterrorism reality is the Council of Europe Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism, which allows for participation of countries outside Europe. Regional counterterrorist engagement is marked by the consolidation of its treaty base and the institutionalization of cooperation through various structures. Attention is given to the longevity of international legal institutions and norms underlying counterterrorist engagement.

This paper examines the history of European legal integration through the lens of the Eliasian concept of "(de-)civilizing process" that is, a reversible process of social pacification and of extension of the sense of belonging to the same community. Today, the European union (EU) is generally regarded as the most advanced attempt at establishing a supranational "rule of law," i.e., a set of general and predictable rules enforced homogeneously across a large territory, granting rights to its inhabitants, and fostering a slow extension of the "imagined community" of citizens. The construction of this European "rule of law" is, therefore, often interpreted as a crucial element of a "European civilizing process" unfolding beyond the nation-states. Critically departing from this narrative, this paper invites to reconceptualise European legal integration as a "civilizing offensive" through law. In this light, EU law can be analysed as a more ambivalent and ambiguous project than suggested by the narrative of a necessarily unfolding "rule of law." To that aim, this paper will concentrate on an issue of particular prominence in the recent debates about EU law: The "rule of law crisis" in Hungary. Since 2010, it has brought together several important features of the many recent crises of European integration. On the basis of legal EU and Hungarian documents, I will argue that, in spite of repeated clashes with EU institutions, part of these challenges were made possible by the ambiguous historical construction of the EU and its legal order: They also emerge from within - as will be illustrated through the concept of "constitutional identity" and its uses.