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Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Research Questions -- 1.2 Structure of the Thesis -- 1.3 Terminology -- Chapter 2: State Responsibility and the Criminal Liability of the Individual -- 2.1 Nuremberg: Setting the Stage -- 2.2 International Criminal Law: A Collision of Legal Systems -- Chapter 3: Nullum Crimen Sine Lege -- 3.1 Preliminary Remarks -- 3.2 Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and Domestic Law -- 3.3 The Four Guarantees of Nullum Crimen Sine Lege -- 3.4 Theoretical and Philosophical Foundations -- 3.5 Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and the IMT Nuremberg and the IMTFE Tokyo -- 3.6 Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and Post World War II US Military Tribunals -- 3.7 Changing the Picture? Nullum Crimen Sine Lege and Its Inclusion in Human Rights Law and Humanitarian Law Conventions -- 3.8 The Obligation of International Criminal Tribunals to Comply with Nullum Crimen Sine Lege -- 3.9 Nullum Crimen Sine Lege in International Criminal Law: A sui generis Principle? -- 3.10 The Guarantees of the Nullum Crimen Sine Lege Principle in International Criminal Law: The Principle of Nullum Crimen Sin... -- 3.10.1 Preliminary Remarks -- 3.10.2 The Quest for Applicable Law -- 3.10.3 The scripta Requirement and the Sources of International Law: International Conventions as the Sole Legal Basis for Ind... -- 3.10.4 The stricta Requirement and the Sources of International Law -- 3.10.5 The praevia Requirement and the Sources of International Law -- 3.10.5.1 The Shift from Substantive Justice to Strict Legality -- 3.10.5.2 The praevia Requirement and International Conventions -- 3.10.5.3 The praevia Requirement and General Principles of Law -- 3.10.5.4 The praevia Requirement and Customary International Law -- 3.10.6 The certa Requirement and the Sources of International Law

A lecture presented at Durham U (England) in Nov 1995 explores transformations of capital-labor relations following the post-Cold War crisis of Fordism. Various responses to this crisis have brought about radical restructurings of the world's economic hierarchy. One consequence has been the creation of continental economic blocs made up of countries with widely varying labor relations. The US-dominated bloc has emphasized strict control of the production process, while creating more flexibility in labor relations. The other blocs, comprising European & Asian countries, have preferred to trade management control over production for greater worker participation. The latter method shown to be more difficult to implement, but it is more efficient & renders a higher quality of production & labor benefits. An unintended ecological consequence of the restructuring is more support for global restrictions on the pollution that causes the greenhouse effect. 4 Tables, 5 Figures, 61 References. Adapted from the source document.

Abstract
This article offers the first comprehensive mapping of the place of international human rights law (IHRL) in Israeli case law. It explores how Israeli courts use IHRL, based on quantitative and qualitative content analysis of all decisions, in all courts, referring to IHRL between 1990 and 2019. It reveals that Israeli courts mobilize IHRL predominantly with respect to children's rights and due process, seldom invoking IHRL in relation to ethnic and gender equality. It further shows that a significant portion of references to IHRL serve to justify state action. We discuss possible explanations for these patterns of use of IHRL and argue that, overall, these findings illustrate the paradox of IHRL being amenable to uses that are both emancipatory and protective of power.

"Comments, reviews and opinions": p. [4]-14. ; At head of title: Democracies versus autocracies. ; Mode of access: Internet.

This article examines the international engagement with Africa from the First World War and the apex of colonial rule through to the present day. It is argued that there have been dramatic shifts throughout this period-from increasing interventionism on the part of the colonial state, to decolonization and the emergence of nation-states with independent foreign policy programmes, to the predations and influences of the Cold War, to the developmentalism and humanitarianism of the contemporary era. Yet, there has also been marked continuity in terms of policy, perception and practice. In particular, Africa has long been seen in terms of economic opportunity-a place where markets and raw materials abound-and of military and political threat, a place in which intrinsic instability makes external intervention both desirable and inevitable. While immediate contexts have changed over time, the international engagement with the continent remains essentially economic and military. A concern for democratization and development represents a relatively new element, although even this can be traced to the paternalistic humanitarianism of the colonial era and, earlier still, moral stances toward Africa in the nineteenth century. (International Affairs (Oxford) / SWP)

This handbook is a comprehensive and authoritative study of the modern law on the use of force. Over 50 experts in the field offer a detailed analysis, and to an extent a restatement, of the law in this area. It reviews the status of the law on the use of force and assesses what changes, if any, have occurred as a result of recent developments and offers cutting-edge and up-to-date scholarship on all major aspects of the prohibition of the use of force.

Cover; Half-title; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Tables; Figures; Preface; 1 Introduction; 2 Export Pricing under Imperfect Competition; 3 Export Price, Learning, and Domestic Demand Disturbances; 4 Foreign Market Structure, Export Price, and Profitability; 5 Competitive Advantage and Export Performance; 6 Entry into the European and U.S. Manufacturing Industries; 7 Strategic Interactions in Cross-Market Entry; 8 Responses of Foreign Firms to Japanese Competition; 9 Exit in the U.S. Manufacturing Industries; 10 Interpreting the Empirical Findings; 11 Implications; Appendixes