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The adoption and management of the common currency has led the Eurozone to a critical point. This book analyzes in an interdisciplinary way the fundamental causes of distress, making sure to relate economic issues to the social and political aspects of the problem. The book explores the reasons why the Eurozone has fallen into a policy trap, as well as what Europe did and should do to exit the crisis, and why this is proving to be so difficult. The book also considers what role the United States has played, and could play to help foster a solution for the Eurozone.The main topics explored are

A long tradition in economics explores the association between the quality of formal institutions and economic performance. The literature on the relationship between such institutions and happiness is, however, rather limited. In this paper, we revisit the findings from recent cross-country studies on the institutions-happiness association. Our findings suggest that the conclusions reached by previous studies are fairly sensitive to the specific measure of 'happiness' used. In addition, the results indicate that the welfare effects of policies may differ across phases of a country's economic development. This bears important policy implications which we discuss in the concluding section of the paper.

1. Recentering Putinism -- 2. The Inheritance of an Autocratic Legend -- 3. Enter "the Hero" -- 4. The Intellectual Origins of Putinism -- 5. Putinism as a Culture in the Making -- 6. Russian Nationalism in Education, the Media, and Religion -- 7. Russian Foreign Policy: Freedom for Whom, to Do What? -- 8. The New Dark Times.

This thesis is a study of the role and consequence of military and civil governance in the Protectoral government's North Western Association. It seeks to understand how the creation of the association contributed to the security and maintenance of unopposed Protectoral rule. It examines the impact on traditional structures of local government and communities within the association. Ultimately, it shows that uninterrupted control over the association's regions contributed to the continued stability of Cromwell's Protectorate. The first chapter examines North Western society's religious and political allegiances in the aftermath of the civil wars and finds that, while the parish continued to play a prominent role within the community, some political adversaries of the same ascribed social status within county society continued to maintain pre-war social relationships. Chapter two assesses the role and impact of state imposed martial governance within the association and finds that central government's policy of promoting godly reform to counter irreligion reaffirmed measures previously pursued by godly officials and magistrates. The third chapter examines the backgrounds and careers of the association's two major-generals, Charles Worsley and Tobias Bridge, and finds that, before his death, Worsley was the driving force behind the instigation of measures to deal with anti-government activities and godly reformation. Finding that the association's three county militias were wholly remodelled in 1655, chapter four assesses their reorganisation and role, along with that of the regime appointed commissioners for securing the peace of the Commonwealth, as well as the work of the magistracy. Chapter five considers the efficacy of raising revenues through sequestration and finds that more than sufficient funds were raised by way of the levied decimation tax to maintain the association's three new troops of horse militia. The sixth chapter examines the parliamentary election campaign of 1656 and considers its relevance to the Northern anti-government rising staged by Sir George Booth in August 1659. It finds that many of the same protagonists at the centre of the election campaign of August 1656 were also at the heart of the events of Booth's rising. The thesis concludes that the imposition of military governance ensured that stable unopposed Protectoral rule was maintained throughout the life of the North Western Association and that Tobias Bridge's oversight of the association lasted well into 1658.

This Brief provides a primer on collaborative governance and its essential principles. Drawing on examples from the U.S. at the local government level, chapters accentuate the growing utilization of bottom-up approaches in addressing complex societal concerns, with a particular emphasis on public health issues such as HIV/AIDS and the COVID 19 pandemic. The Brief approaches the topic with the following questions in mind: (1) Does collaborative governance provide a viable alternative to complex public problem solving compared to the traditional top-down bureaucratic approach?; (2) Is cross-sector stakeholders' involvement in collaborative governance a viable pathway forward in the administration of peoples' affairs?; (3) Can societal well-being be better promoted with non-mandated collaborative governance?; (4) Would the representation and participation of target populations in policy decision making and/or implementation generate constructive and sustainable solutions for societal benefits? ; and (5) Is collaborative governance the future of public management/administration? Providing much needed insights for theory, policy, and praxis, this volume will be of interest to academics and students of public affairs, public management, governance, public health, public policy, and disaster and emergency management, as well as practitioners and policy makers in related fields.

"Population aging is one of the most pressing issues facing governments and society today. With implications for health care, the economy, and an assortment of other policy areas, confronting this complex reality is increasingly urgent and never more so in the age of COVID-19. In The Four Lenses of Population Aging, Patrik Marier looks at how Canada's ten provinces are preparing for an aging society. Focusing on a wide range of administrative and policy challenges, this analysis explores multiple actions from the development of strategic plans to the expansion of long-term care capacity. To enhance this analysis, Marier adopts four lenses: the intergenerational, the medical, the social gerontological, and the organizational. By comparing the unique insights and contributions of each lens, Marier draws attention to the vital lessons and possible solutions to the challenges of an aging society. Drawing on over a hundred interviews with senior civil servants and thousands of policy documents, The Four Lenses of Population Aging is a significant contribution to the public administration, provincial politics, and comparative public policy literatures, and a timely resource for policymakers and general readers seeking an informed perspective on a timely and important issue."--

This book, the first of its kind, seeks to demonstrate how 'SDG15 - Life on Land' can be implemented through effective biodiversity management, mainstreaming strategies and proposing solutions to achieve and consolidate the goals. The book will be of great interest to natural resource policy makers, scholars and students of natural resources, development studies and sustainable development, as well as those engaged in international climate change discourse and non-government organisations. Drawing on experienced faculty scientists who are experts in natural resource governance issues in a wide variety of fields ranging from forestry, biodiversity conservation policy to climate change, this work proposes solutions to achieve and consolidate SDG15. Delving into SDG15 targets and indicators, drawing on examples from across the regions to give a truly global policy perspective, and understanding the significance of the forest ecosystem as the foundation for sustainable development, the authors demonstrate how SDG15 can and will be an appropriate tool for mainstreaming biodiversity across the policy sectors of governance. Concise Guides to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals comprises 17 short books, each examining one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The series provides an integrated assessment of the SDGs from economic, legal, social, environmental and cultural perspectives.

This title provides a succinct, readable, and comprehensive treatment of how the Obama administration reacted to what was arguably the most difficult foreign policy challenge of its eight years in office: the Arab Spring. As a prelude to examining how the United States reacted to the first wave of the Arab Spring in the 21st century, this book begins with an examination of how the U.S. reacted to revolution in the 19th and 20th centuries and a summary of how foreign policy is made. Each revolution in the Arab Spring (in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Bahrain, and Yemen) and the Obama administration's action—or inaction—in response is carefully analyzed. The U.S.' role is compared to that of regional powers, such as Turkey, Israel, and Iran. The impact of U.S. abdication in the face of pivotal events in the region is the subject of the book's conclusion. While other treatments have addressed how the Arab Spring revolutions have affected the individual countries where these revolutions took place, U.S. foreign policy toward the Middle East, and President Barack Obama's overall foreign policy, this is the only work that provides a comprehensive examination of both the Arab Spring revolutions themselves and the reaction of the U.S. government to those revolutions.

Cover -- CONTNETS -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- CONTEXT -- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, OUTLOOK, AND RISKS -- POLICY DISCUSSIONS -- A. Monetary Policy -- B. Fiscal Policy -- C. Financial Sector Issues -- D. Structural Policies -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOX -- 1. Rising Investment in Intangible Assets -- 2. Financial Conditions and Growth-at-Risk in Singapore -- 3. The Role of Industry Transformation Maps in Creating the Future Economy -- FIGURES -- 1. Real Sector Developments -- 2. Labor Market Developments -- 3. Monetary and Financial Sector Developments -- 4. Banking Sector Developments -- 5. Housing Market Developments -- 6. External Sector -- 7. Spillovers -- 8. Social and Equality Indicators -- 9. Demographic Transition -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic and Financial Indicators, 2013-19 -- 2. Balance of Payments, 2013-19 -- 3. Monetary Survey, 2013-19 -- 4. Indicators of Vulnerability, 2013-18Q1 -- 5. Medium-Term Scenario, 2013-23 -- 6. Summary of Government Operations and Stock Positions, 2012/13-2018/19 -- 7. Financial Soundness Indicators-Local Banking Sector, 2013-2017Q3 -- 8. International Investment Position, 2013-17 -- APPENDICES -- I. Recent Labor Market Developments -- II. External Sector Report -- III. Financial Conditions and Growth-at-Risk in Singapore -- IV. Risk Assessment Matrix -- V. Estimating a Monetary Policy Rule -- VI. Public Debt Sustainability Analysis -- VII. Housing Market Development and Policies -- VIII. Fintech Opportunities and Challenges -- CONTENTS -- FUND RELATIONS -- STATISTICAL ISSUES

This report is a unique source of up-to-date estimates of support to agriculture. It provides an overview of agricultural support in the OECD area, complemented by individual chapters on agricultural policy developments in all OECD countries. This edition finds that overall support to farmers in OECD countries has been declining. It shows that the decline has largely been due to a narrowing of the gap between domestic and world agricultural commodity prices.The report also focuses on the impacts of the current financial and economic crisis on agriculture, and the policy responses. Agriculture is expected to fare better than many other sectors. It has a relatively smaller financial exposure, demand is less sensitive to income falls, and the existing set of support policies in many countries can dampen the impact of the crisis. Governments are facing tighter fiscal conditions, which is likely to prompt further review of support policies, including for agriculture.The 2008 United States Farm Act, the Health Check of the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy and the new Growing Forward policy framework in Canada are also reviewed in the report. A special feature in the report focuses on agri-environmental policies in OECD countries.

The main theme of this study is the political economy of policy reform in less developed countries and post-socialist countries. Given the complexity of economic development and transition, Joachim Ahrens views failures in policy reform, poor public sector management, rent-seeking, corruption, and over-centralization as systematic, though not exclusive, instances of institutional failure. This interdisciplinary study looks for ways of constructing effective market-enhancing governance structures that provide appropriate incentive systems to cope with such failures. No blueprint is offered, but the book provides a conceptual governance framework that can be applied in a comparative way to analyze economic, political, and social obstacles to policy and institutional reform. The concept is not only used to analyze the politico-institutional foundation of policy reform in East Asia and Eastern Europe, but it also allows to elaborate country specific strategies to craft institutional safeguards that help overcome impediments to development and transition. This innovative book, which overcomes the conventional perspective of a government-market dichotomy, will be of interest to researchers, students, policymakers and all those concerned with the impact of the dialectic interaction between political and economic forces on economic development

Helton, A. C.: International legal principles concerning national minorities. - S. 8-17. Hungary: Sik, E.: Diaspora: tentative observations and applicability in Hungary. - S. 20-41. Toth, J.: Diaspora in legal regulations: 1989-1999. - S. 42-95. Toth, J.: Diaspora politics: programs and prospects. - S. 96-141. Csigo, P.; Kovacs, E.: The Hungarian-Romanian basic agreement: positions and issues in the debate. - S. 142-190. Varga, G.: Diaspora policy of the Hungarian government: means and institutions. - S. 191-214. Russia: Pain, E.: Inter-ethnic and international relations: main types and dynamics. - S. 216-231. Vassilieva, T.: Compatriots residing abroad: legal issues and principles of state policy. - S. 232-246. Mukomel, V.; Pain, E.: Russia's national policy towards compatriots abroad: stages of formation. - S. 247-264. Mukomel, V.: National minorities in the Russian Federation: federal and regional legislation. - S. 265-3206. Ukraine: Shulga, N.: Formation of Ukrainian state policy towards the diaspora. - S. 308-319. Pirozhkov, S.: Recent tendencies in the labour migration of Ukrainians. - S. 320-330. Shulga, N.: The rights of ethnic minorities in Ukraine: dynamics of tranformation. - S. 331-349. Tovt, M.: Ukrainian legislation on the protection of ethnic minorities rights: perspectives and obstacles. - S. 350-355

Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of major risk factors for serious diseases and premature mortality worldwide. Public policies to enhance PA across society are recognized as an effective tool against the problem. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of national-level PA policy approach in Poland. A standardized survey of Word Health Organization named the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) was used for data collection. Content analysis and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT) were used to characterize various PA policy aspects, to appraise the current situation, and accommodate organizational and environmental factors that it is influenced by. The results show that the national PA policy approach has been constantly developing in Poland, but there is room for improvement in a number of areas. The most important weaknesses are the lack of clear leadership, no mechanisms in place to coordinate efforts undertaken at different levels, and lack of collaboration across different levels of government and across different sectors of economy. Providing an umbrella covering all PA promotion policies and activities is, therefore, a key issue to be addressed. The country should seize the opportunity coming from an increasing awareness of a healthy lifestyle among Polish society.

Implementation of effective alcohol control policies is a global priority. However, at the global and national levels, implementing effective policies is still challenging, as it requires commitment from multiple stakeholders. This review provides a synthesis of barriers and facilitators to implementing effective alcohol control policies. We conducted a scoping review from two main databases: Scopus and Web of Science, and the grey literature from the World Health Organization's website. We included any studies investigating barriers and facilitators to implementing four effective policies: Alcohol pricing and taxation, control of physical availability, alcohol marketing control, and drink-driving policy. Articles published between 2000 and 2021 were included. The search yielded 11,651 articles, which were reduced to 21 after the assessment of eligibility criteria. We found five main barriers: resource constraint; legal loopholes; lack of evidence to support policy implementation, particularly local evidence; low priority of policy implementation among responsible agencies; and insufficient skills of implementers. Facilitators, which were scarce, included establishing monitoring systems and local evidence to support policy implementation and early engagement of implementing agencies and communities. We recommend that national governments pay more attention to potential barriers and facilitators while designing alcohol control regulations and implementing effective policies.

Insufficient physical activity (PA) is one of major risk factors for serious diseases and premature mortality worldwide. Public policies to enhance PA across society are recognized as an effective tool against the problem. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of national-level PA policy approach in Poland. A standardized survey of Word Health Organization named the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT) was used for data collection. Content analysis and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis (SWOT) were used to characterize various PA policy aspects, to appraise the current situation, and accommodate organizational and environmental factors that it is influenced by. The results show that the national PA policy approach has been constantly developing in Poland, but there is room for improvement in a number of areas. The most important weaknesses are the lack of clear leadership, no mechanisms in place to coordinate efforts undertaken at different levels, and lack of collaboration across different levels of government and across different sectors of economy. Providing an umbrella covering all PA promotion policies and activities is, therefore, a key issue to be addressed. The country should seize the opportunity coming from an increasing awareness of a healthy lifestyle among Polish society.