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This article begins with a discussion of the need to integrate technology into K-12 social studies classrooms and continues by introducing and providing social studies-based examples of the Moersch Levels of Technology Integration (LoTi) framework. The authors argue that LoTi levels do not coincide with teachers' needed technology skill levels. As a result, the article offers suggestions for encouraging adjustment toward greater technology-infused social studies instructional methods based on teacher skill level. Using text and tabular formats, the authors provide numerous technology integration methods for social studies teachers who are "Starting Out Easy," "Taking the Next Step," or "Beginning to Excel" with technology.

AbstractDoes landholding inequality undermine democratization? Recent contributions have challenged the argument that landholding elites oppose suffrage extension if geographically fixed assets are unequally distributed. We advance research on this long-standing question by exploiting exogenous variance to reinvestigate the relationship. Using multiple instruments, we find that landholding inequality decreases support for suffrage extension. By focusing on traditional patterns of social control, we explore an empirically neglected mechanism linking landholding inequality and democratization. Taking advantage of four direct democratic votes between 1866 and 1877 in Switzerland, we demonstrate that landholding inequality also influences the political preferences of ordinary citizens who do not control these resources. This paper shows that high levels of landholding inequality provide local elites with the incentive and the means to align the local population's voting behaviour with their political goals. Supplementary analyses using qualitative and quantitative data further substantiate this social control mechanism.

The purpose of the publication is to reconstruct the main stages of life and social activity of O.A. Tyshchynskyi (1835–1896), who largely contributed to the development of civil society, local government, education, science and culture in Chernihiv region. The scientific novelty of the publication is related to the use of newly discovered sources and historiographical studies, analyzed on the basis of the principles of historicism, objectivity and comprehensiveness with the help of modern methodological tools. Conclusions. The involved source base allowed to find out the directions of multifaceted activity of O.A. Tyshchynskiy, that belonged to the liberal-democratic intelligentsia and was one of the key figures in many spheres of life in Chernihiv region and an active participant of the Ukrainian national movement in the region in the second half of the XIX c. The member of the Chernihiv hromada in the 80s and 90s of the XIX c., the member of the Chernihiv county and provincial zemstvo assemblies, Chernihiv City Duma, the chairman of the Chernihiv county zemstvo administration, honorary justice of the peace, one of the founders of the Chernihiv Public Library and leaders of the Chernihiv City Bank, O.A. Tyshchynskyi had considerable authority among contemporaries, who called his «kum» with authority. Therefore, the promulgation of the creative heritage and honoring the memory of O.A. Tyshchynskyi seems to be an urgent need.

It is revealed that the concept of 'social risk' was formed in line with the creation of the theory of social state and the theory of welfare state. Social risk is defined as the probability of a person losing material resources to meet his basic needs, necessary for the preservation and reproduction of a full-fledged life as a member of society. These basic needs include food, clothing, housing, medical care and social services. It is proved that the objective basis of social risk is the antagonistic nature of social relations, structural features, the nature, growth of social exclusion, the violation of adaptive processes in society, as well as the widespread distribution of various kinds of deviations among the population.Particular attention is paid to the description of the modern model of social risk. It is established that a fundamentally new type of social risk is a global risk as a product of a post-industrial society. In conditions of globalization, a list of life circumstances that violate the normal livelihoods of the individual and which it can not overcome on its own, is expanding substantially. Such unconventional social risks include support for families with children, education and care for children, care for sick children and parents, assistance in housing construction and maintenance, maternity support for a period of interrupted vocational education of up to five years per child, poverty, etc.Trace the evolution of the content of social risks from the industrial society of the period of initial accumulation of capital to modern (post-industrial) society. If, at an early stage, social risks were generated by the production and distribution of goods, values, today they are produced by the production and distribution of the dangers (actually existing) and fears (subjectively existing), that is, social risks in the society of risk are self-replicating, and this production becomes expanded , that is, it involves the phases of self-production (reproduction), distribution and consumption of risks.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to define a logical process through which social needs can be investigated and integrated into corporate strategy, thus allowing management to meet the expectations of its stakeholder.Design/methodology/approachThe process has been defined on the basis of a review of international literature that helped to identify the main problems related to the recognition of social expectations by the company and the implications of these expectations on the overall competitive strategy.FindingsThe research has lead to the construction of a framework to address social needs: the social‐competitive innovation pyramid. It is shaped in order to help companies to understand their degrees of efficiency in responding to their partners' expectations. The pyramid identifies five efficiency levels. The highest one, named "social competitive synthesis", shows the best response to stakeholders' needs; the lowest level, "temporary sacrifice of social expectations", is the one where social expectations are sacrificed in the view of the companies strategy.Originality/valueThe paper presents corporate responsibility as an integral part of corporate strategy, so much so that it helps corporate management to find innovative solutions to fulfil stakeholder expectations. Therefore, corporate responsibility becomes a creative factor in developing competitiveness.

PurposeThis paper charts the development of diversity research in hospitality and tourism (H&T) as a field of study. The authors are interested in how diversity has been studied, where diversity scholarship has been published, who are the leading diversity scholars and whether the scholars work has been influential. In addition, the authors identified the institutions and countries that contribute significantly to diversity scholarship in H&T.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection, Scopus and Australian Business Dean's Council (ABDC) Journal Quality List covering 109 journals to identify the relevant articles on workplace diversity in H&T. The authors conducted evaluative and relational bibliometric techniques to assess the prominence of diversity scholarship in the field.FindingsDiversity research in H&T did not gain traction until 2005. Using Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal as a benchmark, the authors found that diversity research in H&T closely tracked the diversity topics in general organization and management literature. However, H&T lagged in race and ethnic, as well as gender identity research. A majority of diversity research is published in leading (top-ranked) journals, signifying the value of diversity scholarship in H&T. Hospitality journals published the most articles, while tourism journals reported the highest impact. Scholars based in the USA, China and the United Kingdom (UK) contributed the most diversity articles, but one researcher, Osman M. Karatepe (Turkey), stood out as the most productive and influential diversity scholar in H&T.Practical implicationsThe insights from this study aid H&T scholars in identifying trends and opportunities in diversity research, assessing the productivity and impact of various journals and databases, locating collaborative opportunities (through co-citations and highly productive and influential institutions and scholars) and benchmarking the scholars' own work.Originality/valueGiven an absence of prior review and diversity research has only gained ground in the H&T literature since 2005, this bibliometric study offers a fossil record and documents the trajectory of diversity scholarship in H&T, identifies the scholars who are active in this area of research and highlights institutions and countries where diversity research is conducted.

This PhD dissertation in applied economics proposes an analysis of individual behaviors in the area of social protection, especially in the context of health and human capital management. Chapter 1 analyzes the effect of the coverage level on individual health care consumption in the French context, taking into account the behavioral dimension. Based on an econometric study of 2012 data from the French Health and Social Protection Survey, merged with individual health-care consumption data from the National Health Insurance Database, the estimation of a simultaneous equation regression model reveals a negative correlation between the level of insurance and the level of health expenditure of the insured, once controlled for the selection effect. The results also underline the important role of risk aversion which conditions the nature of the relationship between risk and insurance in the French complementary health-insurance market. Based on an experimental study, chapters 2 and 3 focus on the individual trade-off between insurance and prevention. The objective of chapter 2 is to examine the impact of prevention on the individual insurance demand and whether the introduction of a prevention mechanism affects individual insurance choices. The results reveal a form of dynamic inconsistency in individual choices, with a decrease in the demand for insurance in the presence of a prevention mechanism compared to the case where prevention is not present, without subsequently resulting in more prevention effort. Chapter 3 looks at the impact of the opportunity of insurance contract choice on the preventive behavior of policyholders: does the opportunity to choose the insurance contract versus an imposed contract in a mandatory insurance context affect the preventive behavior of policyholders? The experimental evidence reveals a negative impact of the introduction of the contract choice option on policyholders' preventive effort since the opportunity of contract choice, compared to the case where the contract is imposed, ...

This PhD dissertation in applied economics proposes an analysis of individual behaviors in the area of social protection, especially in the context of health and human capital management. Chapter 1 analyzes the effect of the coverage level on individual health care consumption in the French context, taking into account the behavioral dimension. Based on an econometric study of 2012 data from the French Health and Social Protection Survey, merged with individual health-care consumption data from the National Health Insurance Database, the estimation of a simultaneous equation regression model reveals a negative correlation between the level of insurance and the level of health expenditure of the insured, once controlled for the selection effect. The results also underline the important role of risk aversion which conditions the nature of the relationship between risk and insurance in the French complementary health-insurance market. Based on an experimental study, chapters 2 and 3 focus on the individual trade-off between insurance and prevention. The objective of chapter 2 is to examine the impact of prevention on the individual insurance demand and whether the introduction of a prevention mechanism affects individual insurance choices. The results reveal a form of dynamic inconsistency in individual choices, with a decrease in the demand for insurance in the presence of a prevention mechanism compared to the case where prevention is not present, without subsequently resulting in more prevention effort. Chapter 3 looks at the impact of the opportunity of insurance contract choice on the preventive behavior of policyholders: does the opportunity to choose the insurance contract versus an imposed contract in a mandatory insurance context affect the preventive behavior of policyholders? The experimental evidence reveals a negative impact of the introduction of the contract choice option on policyholders' preventive effort since the opportunity of contract choice, compared to the case where the contract is imposed, ...

This PhD dissertation in applied economics proposes an analysis of individual behaviors in the area of social protection, especially in the context of health and human capital management. Chapter 1 analyzes the effect of the coverage level on individual health care consumption in the French context, taking into account the behavioral dimension. Based on an econometric study of 2012 data from the French Health and Social Protection Survey, merged with individual health-care consumption data from the National Health Insurance Database, the estimation of a simultaneous equation regression model reveals a negative correlation between the level of insurance and the level of health expenditure of the insured, once controlled for the selection effect. The results also underline the important role of risk aversion which conditions the nature of the relationship between risk and insurance in the French complementary health-insurance market. Based on an experimental study, chapters 2 and 3 focus on the individual trade-off between insurance and prevention. The objective of chapter 2 is to examine the impact of prevention on the individual insurance demand and whether the introduction of a prevention mechanism affects individual insurance choices. The results reveal a form of dynamic inconsistency in individual choices, with a decrease in the demand for insurance in the presence of a prevention mechanism compared to the case where prevention is not present, without subsequently resulting in more prevention effort. Chapter 3 looks at the impact of the opportunity of insurance contract choice on the preventive behavior of policyholders: does the opportunity to choose the insurance contract versus an imposed contract in a mandatory insurance context affect the preventive behavior of policyholders? The experimental evidence reveals a negative impact of the introduction of the contract choice option on policyholders' preventive effort since the opportunity of contract choice, compared to the case where the contract is imposed, ...

Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- CHAPTER 1 Introduction -- PART I EL SALVADOR -- CHAPTER 2 Women's Rights Are Human Rights -- CHAPTER 3 Women for Dignity and Life -- INTERVIEW Women for Dignity and Life -- PART II MEXICO -- CHAPTER 4 The Politics of Urban Survival -- INTERVIEW Women's Regional Council of the CONAMUP -- CHAPTER 5 The Unintended Consequences of "Traditional" Women's Organizing -- INTERVIEW Lázaro Cárdenas Ejido Union -- PART III BRAZIL -- CHAPTER 6 Class, Gender, and Autonomy -- INTERVIEW Rural Women Workers7 Movement -- PART IV CHILE -- CHAPTER 7 Sweet and Sour Grapes -- INTERVIEW Interindustry Union of Seasonal and Permanent Workers of Santa María -- CHAPTER 8 Conclusions -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index

How could social workers apply theory in their everyday practice? According to John Dewey, theories are helpful instruments in analysing situations and forming hypotheses which are tested in practical experiments. Inspired by Dewey's pragmatist philosophy, we designed a "Practice and Theory" pilot intervention group in which social workers were provided external, theory-driven supervision. This research is a three-case study of the pilot intervention group. Based on a thematic analysis of reflective discussions during the last group sessions and follow-up group interviews, we investigate the difficulties the social workers described in applying theoretical knowledge to practice. We explore what consequences they recognized when reflecting on and experimenting with theoretical knowledge. Our study demonstrates that the major barriers were lack of time and access to theories, difficulties in changing one's own practice and establishing supportive structures, the lack of competence to understand the role theories and having become estranged theories. However, the positive consequences experienced in the three Practice and Theory groups suggest that the pilot intervention could serve as a potential model for integrating theoretical research into practice. The participants considered that reflecting theories enabled new understanding as well as allowed experimenting with new ways of operating. Participating in the group also improved social workers' argumentation, helping them to recognize their own expertise. It also raised professional self-esteem and enabled self-development. In the group, the dialogical, reflective and experimental inquiry were key to understanding how theoretical knowledge can open new perspectives.

Just as each person develops from infancy to adulthood, all interpersonal relationships have a life history that encompasses the changes in how people communicate with each other. This book is about how a relationship transforms itself from one pattern of communication to another. Compelling and innovative, it offers original research