Suchergebnisse

Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to analyse the evolution of the Romanian honey market in the 2006-2016 period. The analysis, ran over a period of ten years, follows to depict honey's market dynamics starting from 2006, one year before Romania's accession to the EU. The used data consisted in empirical data provided by Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations database, European Commission and National Institute of Statistics. Results indicated that Romania covers its honey consumption through production and that the country is a net honey exporter, recording a 30% growth rate in exports from 2006 to 2013. In the 2006-2016 period, Romania has managed to increase its beehives number by 58.81% and its honey production by 16.52%. Honey producer prices also went up by 42.99% in the analysed period.

The study tested, that participatory urban practices are a form of social practices, implemented in city areas and connected with the process of (co)participation of the citizens, both collectively and individually, in the city's vital activities. Those practices can be implemented on the three levels: formal, semi-formal, informal. Wherein, it is stated, that on the formal level of the implementation of participatory practices, citizens recreate themselves in a form of territorial group, on the semi-formal – as a community, and on the informal – as a togetherness. There is a whole spectrum of various participatory practices on the formal level – a city referendum, general citizens' meeting at the place of residence, local initiatives, public hearings and councils, bodies of self-organization of the population, etc. To semi-formal one can include the budgets of participation, city participatory projects, etc., to informal - the local actions of like-minded people, who unite around space. The study notes, that since the 2000's, the gradual activation of collective participatory forms has begun. Even though, the researches have shown, that those practices nowadays are vital only for a small part of the territorial community. Probably, the main reason for that is the habitus of modern Ukrainian that is a combination of strong distrust towards government, including the local one; distrust that people are capable to influence the decisions of officers, paternalism of mindset, etc. Therefore, the leftovers of Soviet world perception don't let the modern citizens actively use legal schemes in urban participatory practices. On the other hand, the informal practices follow the concept of tactical urbanism. Its main idea is that people change the city themselves, only they can improve the surroundings through the action that don't require neither a lot of time, nor money, just a bunch of enthusiasts. Moreover, the study proved that today institutionalization of urban participatory practices takes place both «from the bottom and from above». The main prerequisite for the emergence of new practices is the impossibility of the old (traditional) to fully meet the demands of actors in achieving certain goals. In this regard, new practices arise, for example, a consensus conference, a consultative survey, an open office, a public panel, etc. The actual and potential level of participation of residents of the city of Dnipro in the life of the city is revealed. The results of four national surveys, studies of the Department of Sociology recorded that the residents carry out routine actions based on the habit, believing in the fact that there is a certain order of action, but not much efficiency in them. Regarding semi-formal and informal practices, the readiness for their implementation is inherent in the Dnipro City, not to a significant extent.

Two models of citizenship predominate in Western political thought: the model of ancient warrior and the model of modern producer. Both are traditionally male activities and tend to produce inequalities in society rather than mitigate them. A third model of citizenship exists, reaching back to Aristotle, whose goal is to reduce inequalities and realise a civic friendship among all citizens, but such is generally considered 'unrealistic' today. If we consider the theoretically underappreciated ethical reproductive activities of women, however, together with the Gandhian tradition of non-violent civil disobedience, this third model of political action emerges as possible and may be relevant to the Palestinian-Israeli conflict over Jerusalem.

In late 2017 the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (P.L. 115-97) was passed into law. Controversy instantly ensued. One major controversy revolves around the capping of the Internal Revenue Code section 164 state and local tax deduction at $10,000 per taxpayer (the SALT cap). Viewed by many blue states as an attack on their citizens, the SALT cap has spurred counterattacks in the form of state legislation designed to provide taxpayers with an avenue to counter the effects of the SALT cap (the SALT cap workarounds). While others have and are considering the effectiveness of the SALT cap workarounds, this essay explores a more basic question: do the states have the power to lob such counterattacks and facilitate taxpayers' federal tax avoidance? The answer is more nuanced than it might first appear; unlike individual tax avoidance actions, the states' actions raise the specter of federal preemption.

Training is an effort to increase the knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees and managers so they can better do their jobs. The principles of learning must be considered in all training activities for officials. In a good training program the main objective is the change in the behaviour of staff in order to achieve performance improvement. But the main question is what kind of changes are needed? A possible answer would be changes that support a capacity of building a framework for innovation and entrepreneurship abilities of officials in the administration system and public administration. This research is an attempt to discuss the question and provide an answer. By using a research literature review and an expert analysis approach, needs definitions, and utilization of national needs of the public sector, the findings were categorized into functions and recommendations. Also the paper deals with the success of the South Korean pioneer training system (NHI) which is an important and top priority center for Korean government, so the paper deals with the strategies and objectives of NHI.

Abstract:Adam Smith has long been celebrated as a polymath, and his wide interests in and contributions to each of the discrete component fields of PPE have long been appreciated. Yet Smith deserves the attention of practitioners of PPE today not simply for his substantive insights, but for the ways in which his inquiries into these different fields were connected. Smith's inquiry was distinguished by a synthetic approach to knowledge generation, and specifically to generating knowledge with applications exportable to other fields. Further, Smith's investigations of various areas of study led him to recognize patterns in and across these fields, and his sensitivity to such patterns helped guide his inquiry and render it a connected enterprise. This paper examines several of Smith's discrete inquiries in the history of astronomy, language, moral philosophy, and political economy, to show how he employed the techniques of pattern detection that he practiced in each of these inquiries to the task of generating new insights into new fields of inquiry. In so doing, Smith not only distinguished himself as an early practitioner of what we today identify with PPE, but he also provides a useful point of reference for those doing PPE today.