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Looking primarily at two critically acclaimed texts that concern themselves with American citizenship—F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Stephanie Powell Watts' No One is Coming to Save Us—I analyze the claims made about citizenship identities, rights, and consequential access to said rights. I ask, how do these narratives about citizenship sustain, create, or re-envision American myth? Similarly, how do the narratives interact with the dominant culture at large? Do any of these texts achieve oppositional value, and/or modify the complex hegemonic structure? I use Pierre Bourdieu's "The Forms of Capital" to investigate the ways in which economic, cultural, and social capital are distributed amongst identity groups of citizens, focusing on its favorable distribution to white upper-class men. Interesting, too, is the way in which these texts relate with one another and evolve over time. As Fitzgerald reaffirms boundary rights to white upper-class social capital to longstanding wealthy white males, Watts celebrates the survival of black individuals through the hard-earned persistence of human connection. Ultimately, as Gatsby fails to repeat the past, Watts succeeds in rewriting it.

Europe has long been regarded as a unique place for the promotion and furthering of LGBT rights. This important and compelling study investigates the alleged uniqueness and its ties to a relatively long history of LGBT and queer movements in the region. Contributors argue that LGBT movements were inspired by specific ideas about European democratic values and a responsibility towards human rights, and that they sought to realize these on the ground through activism, often crossing borders to foster a wider movement. In making this argument, they discuss the 'idea of Europe' as it relates to LGBT rights, the history of European LGBT movements, the role of European institutions in adopting LGBT policies, and the construction of European 'others' in this process.

In exploring an array of intimacies between global migrants Nayan Shah illuminates a stunning, transient world of heterogeneous social relations—dignified, collaborative, and illicit. At the same time he demonstrates how the United States and Canada, in collusion with each other, actively sought to exclude and dispossess nonwhite races. Stranger Intimacy reveals the intersections between capitalism, the state's treatment of immigrants, sexual citizenship, and racism in the first half of the twentieth century

AARP -- Abortion -- Acrylamide -- Addition -- Aging -- AIDS -- Air pollution -- Alcohol use disorder -- Allergies -- Amebiasis -- American Public Health Association -- Animal abuse -- Anthrax -- Antibiotic stewardship -- Antibiotics -- Antimicrobial resistance -- Antiviral drugs -- Anxiety disorders -- Asbestosis -- Assessment Protocol for Excellence in Public Health (APEX-PH) -- Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO) -- Asthma -- Autism -- Avian flu -- Bedbug infestation -- Behavioral health -- Birth defects -- Bisphenol A (BPA) -- Black lung disease -- Bovine spongiform encephalopathy -- Brucellosis -- Bullying -- Burns -- Campylobacteriosis -- Cancer -- Car seats -- Carbon monoxide poisoning -- Centers for Diesease Control and Prevention (CDC) -- Chagas disease -- Chemical poisoning -- Chikungunya -- Child abuse -- Child labor laws -- Childhood obesity -- Children's health -- Chlamydia -- Chlorination -- Cholera -- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) -- Chronic wasting disease -- Clostridium -- Community based participatory research (CBPR) -- Community development workers -- Community health assessment -- Community health improvement process (CHIP) -- Community health -- Community mental health -- Concussion -- Consumer safety -- Contraception and birth control -- Correctional health -- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease -- Cytomegalovirus -- Defibrillation -- Dengue fever -- Dental health -- Department of Health and Human Services -- Depression -- Diabetes mellitus -- Diphtheria -- Disease outbreaks -- Disruptive behavior disorder -- Distracted driving -- Domestic abuse -- Dracunculiasis infection -- Drinking water -- Drug resistance -- Dysentery -- Eating disorders -- Ebola virus disease -- Economic and financial stress -- Emergency health services -- Emergency preparedness -- Emerging diseases -- Encephalitis -- Environmental disasters -- Environmental health -- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) -- Environmental toxins -- Epstein-Barr virus -- Escherichia coli -- Essential medicines -- Ethics and legal issues of public health -- Evidence-based policy -- Famine -- Federally qualified health centers -- Female genital mutilation -- Fetal alcohol syndrome -- Filariasis -- Food additives -- Food allergies -- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -- Foood contamination -- Food fortification -- Fungal infections -- Gaming -- genetic testing and counseling -- Genetically modified food -- Genomics -- Germ theory -- Global public health -- Gun violence as a public health issue -- H1N1 influenza A (Swine Flu) -- Haemophilus influenzae type b -- Hand-foot-and-mouth disease -- Handwashing -- Hantavirus infections -- Health commissioners -- Health departments -- Health education -- Health inspectors -- Health literacy -- Health policy -- Healthy cities -- Healthy lives, healthy people -- Healthy people 2020 -- Hearing loss -- Heart disease -- Helminthiasis -- Hepatitis -- Herpes -- Hill-Burton Act -- Human papilloma virus (HPV) -- Human rights -- Human trafficking -- Hunger and undernutrition -- Hygiene -- Hypertension -- Immunization -- Infant nutrition -- Infection control -- Infectious disease -- Infertility -- Infestations -- Influenza -- Insecticide poisoning -- Intestinal disorders -- Ionizing radiation -- Irradiated food -- Joint replacement -- K-2 synthetic marijuana (spice) -- Legionnaires' disease -- Leishmaniasis -- Leprosy -- Leptospirosis -- Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health -- Life expectancy -- Listeriosis -- Lyme disease -- Malaria -- Mapping in public health -- Marijuana -- Measles -- Medicaid and Medicare -- Medical waste -- Melamine -- Men's health -- Meningitis -- Methamphetamine -- Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) -- Miasma -- Middle East respiratory syndrome -- Migrant farm workers -- Military and veteran health -- Millennium Development Goals -- Minority health -- Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) -- Mold -- Mortality and morbidity -- Multiple sclerosis -- Mumps -- Mycobacterium -- National Association of County and City Health Officials (NACCHO) -- National Association of Local Boards of Health (NALBOH) -- National Institute of Mental Health -- National Institutes of Health -- Natural disasters -- Needles and syringes -- Noise pollution -- Noroviruses -- Nutrition -- Obesity -- Occupational health -- Onchocerciasis -- Opioid epidemic -- Organ donation and transplantation -- Pain -- Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) -- Pandemic -- Parasites -- Parrot fever -- Pasteurization -- Physical activity -- Piercing and tattoos -- Plague -- Pneumonia -- Poisoning -- Polio -- Population -- Post-traumatic stress disorder -- Poverty -- Prevention -- Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB) -- Public health administration -- Public health engineers -- Public Health Foundation (PHF) -- Public health nurses -- Q fever -- Quarantine and isolation -- Rabies -- Radiation -- Refugee health -- 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Vitamins -- Vulnerable populations -- Water -- West Nile virus -- Whooping cough -- Women's health -- Workplace safety -- World Health Organization (WHO) -- Yellow fever -- Zika fever -- Zoonosis.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- INTRODUCTION. Usable pasts and the persistence of radicalism -- PART 1: BODIES AND LIVES. SECTION A. FEMINIST AND QUEER FLASHPOINTS. 1.A.1. Combahee River Collective, "A Black feminist statement" (1977) -- 1.A.2. Iris Morales, "Sterilized Puerto Ricans" (1970) -- 1.A.3. United Front, "Forward macho" (1973) -- 1.A.4a. The Feminist, "Racist sexism in the trial" (1974) -- 1.A.4b. The Feminist, "We need the power to defend ourselves!" (1975) -- 1.A.5. Yvonne Swan, witness statement (1976) -- 1.A.6. Lavender and Red Union, "Gay liberation/socialist revolution" (1976) -- 1.A.7. Robin McDuff, Deanne Pernell, and Karen Saunders, "An open letter to the antirape movement" (1977) -- 1.A.8. Daniel Tsang, "Third world lesbians and gays meet" (1980) -- 1.A.9. Joseph Beam, "Caring for each other" (1986) -- 1.A.10. AIDS Action Pledge, "AIDS action pledge" (1987) -- 1.A.11. Vito Russo, "Why we fight" (1988) -- 1.A.12. ACT UP/Golden Gate, "Say it!! Women get AIDS" (1991) -- 1.A.13. Transgender Nation, letter to the editor (1992) -- 1.A.14. Call Off Your Old Tired Ethics, brochure (1993) -- 1.A.15. Critical Resistance and INCITE! Women of Color against Violence, "Gender violence and the prison-industrial complex" (2001) -- SNAPSHOTS: A brief history of SisterSong (Loretta J. Ross) -- Video activism, AIDS, and new queer cinema (Jih-Fei Cheng) -- The formation of Queers for Economic Justice (Joseph Nicholas DeFilippis) -- SECTION B. FIGHTING THE RIGHT. 1.B.1. Ellen Shaffer, "Bakke: fighting and winning together" (1977) -- 1.B.2. John Brown Anti-Klan Committee, "Principles of unity" and "National program" in The Dividing line of the 80s: take a stand against the Klan (1979) -- 1.B.3. National Anti-Klan Network, "Call for February 2nd mobilization, Greensboro, North Carolina" (1980) -- 1.B.4. Tede Matthews, "Speech at anti-Moral Majority demonstration" (1984) -- 1.B.5. Feminist Anti-Censorship Taskforce, "Feminism and censorship: strange bedfellows?" (1985) -- 1.B.6. WHAM!, No choice, no liberty (1991) -- 1.B.7. Washington Area Clinic Defense Task Force, "Goals and guidelines" (1990s) -- 1.B.8. Anti-Racist Action, "Points of unity" (1990s) -- 1.B.9. "African American women in defense of ourselves" (1991) -- 1.B.10. Marcy Westerling, "Rallying against the right: a case study in rural organizing" (1992) -- 1.B.11. Korean Immigrant Workers Advocates, editorial (1996) -- 1.B.12. Kiwi Collective, "Race and sex: who's panicking?" (2000) -- SNAPSHOTS: NC Senate vote '90 (Isabell Moore) -- The Northwest Coalition Against Malicious Harassment/Coalition for Human Dignity (Vernon Damani Johnson) -- SECTION C. LABORS OF SURVIVAL. 1.C.1. Las Vegas National Welfare Rights Organization, "Attention, sisters" (1971) -- 1.C.2. White Lightning, "Drug plague--a revolutionary solution" (1973) -- 1.C.3. Great Lakes Steal, "Women at Great Lakes Steel" (1973) -- 1.C.4. Women's Brigade of the Weather Underground, "Message from sisters who bombed HEW for International Women's Day" (1974) -- 1.C.5. Coretta Scott King, statement to House Subcommittee on Equal Opportunity and Full Employment (1975) -- 1.C.6. Auto Workers United to Fight in '76, "Letter from Rich Off Our Backs July 4 Coalition" (1976) -- 1.C.7. Victoria Frankovich, "Frankovich reflects on our past-- and the evolution to today" (1986) -- 1.C.8. September Alliance for Accessible Transit, "Why are we here?" (1987) -- 1.C.9. John Mehring, "Union's AIDS education committee helps health care workers, patients" (1987) -- 1.C.10. Marian Kramer, "Remarks on the National Welfare Rights Union" (1993) -- 1.C.11. Milwaukee Welfare Warriors, "Apologies don't help" (1996) -- 1.C.12. Mary Beth Maxwell, interview on Jobs with Justice (2013) -- 1.C.13. Tyree Scott, "Whose movement is it anyway?" (1997) -- SNAPSHOTS: The Watsonville Cannery strike, 1985-1987 (Patricia Zavella) -- The disability rights movement in the 1970s (Paul K. Longmore) -- Defending welfare rights in the 1990s (Marisa Chappell)

1. The Study of Lying and Deception: Historical Perspectives -- 2. Defining Deception, Truth, and Related Concepts -- 3. Moral Dimensions of Deception -- 4. A Review of Meta-Analyses about Deception Detection -- 5. Cultural Perspectives on Lying and Deception -- 6. Implications of Some "Obvious Truths" for Building Theories of Deceptive Message Formulation and Production -- 7. Discursive Dimensions of Deceptive Communication: A Framework for Practical Analysis -- 8. True and False Intentions -- 9. The Reciprocal Nature of Lying and Memory: Memory Confabulation and Diagnostic Cues to Deception -- 10. Manipulating Trust: Exploiting Communication Mechanisms and Authenticity Cues to Deceive -- 11. Affiliative and Exploitive Motives to Deception and Their Differential and Joint Consequences -- 12. Correlates of Self-Assessed Abilities to Tell Lies and Truths: A Review -- 13. Effects of Deception on the Deceiver -- 14. Inauthenticity as a Form of Deceptive Communication -- 15. Understanding Lie Detection Biases with ALIED: A Boundedly Rational Approach -- 16. Unchallenged Deceptions in Social and Professional Relationships -- 17. Managing Face in the Midst of Deception: A Cross-Cultural Examination -- 18. An Overview of Detecting Deceptive Behavior -- 19. Promising New Techniques in Lie Detection -- 20. Individual Differences & Deception Detection Abilities -- 21. Multitasking, Cognitive Load, and Deception -- 22. Nonverbal Cues to Deception -- 23. The Many Faces of Trustworthiness: Accuracy and Inaccuracy in Predicting Deception from Facial Appearance -- 24. Comparing Perceptual and Automated Vision-Based Methods for Lie Detection in Younger Children -- 25. Deception and Language: The Contextual Organization of Language and Deception (COLD) Framework -- 26. Verifiability Approach: Applications in Different Judgmental Settings -- 27. "At the End of the Day, When All is Said and Done, Honesty is the Best Policy": An Investigation Into the Potential Role of Formulaic Sequences as a Marker of Deception -- 28. Verbal Cues Fostering Perceptions of Credibility and Truth/Lie Detection,- 29. Detecting Deceptive Intentions: Possibilities for Large-Scale Applications -- 30. Indirect and Implicit Deception Detection: Existing Findings and Emerging Evidence -- 31. The Concealed Information Test: Past, Present, and Future -- 32. Deterring Deception: Theory and New Directions -- 33. Deceptive Affection in Relationships -- 34. Deceiving for and During Sex -- 35. Deception at a Distance: Long-Distance Deception and Romantic Relationships -- 36. Life as Means of Deception within Art and Truth within Psyche: A Comprehensive Analysis of Romantic Deception Portrayals in Art and Psychology -- 37. "She is my roommate:" Why and How Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Individuals Deceive Friends about Their Sexual Orientation -- 38. Linguistic Aspects of Cross-Cultural Deceptive Communication in Polish and English -- 39. "Passing" and the Politics of Deception: Transgender Bodies, Cisgender Aesthetics, and the Policing of Inconspicuous Marginal Identities -- 40. Deception in Group Contexts -- 41. Organizational Deception: Lies at Work -- 42. What You Don't Know Can't Hurt You, Can It? Deception in Health Contexts -- 43. Is it Always Better to Tell the Whole Truth? Health Care Professionals and Medical "Bad News" -- 44. An Examining of Student Cheating: A Dramaturgical Perspective of Deception and Self-Deception -- 45. The History, Present, and Future of Police Deception during Interrogation -- 46. Deception and the Art and Science of Criminal Interrogation -- 47. Disbelief Repeats as Deception Tagging: Conversational Strategies for Labeling Lies in Interrogations -- 48. Interrogation, Torture, and Deception -- 49. Deception Detection in Courtrooms: Hazards and Challenges for Scholars and Professionals -- 50. Deception Production, Detection, and Beliefs in Online Environments -- 51. Playful Masquerade or Malicious Fraud? Deception in Anonymous Online Communication -- 52. "You have Won €1,000,000": Analyzing the Discourse Structures of Deceptive Emails -- 53. Visual Deception: From Camo to Cameron -- 54. Ethics of Deception in Mass Communication -- 55. Propaganda, Social Media, and Fake News -- 56. Marketing Deception: An Effects-based Paradigm -- 57. Audiences in the Dark: Deception in Pharmaceutical Advertising through Verbal-Visual Mismatches -- 58. Audience Acceptance of Deceptive News Content -- 59. Propaganda, Politics and Deception -- 60. Disclosing Deception and No One Cares? Fact-Checking and Political Trust During Election Campaigns -- 61. Reality Monitoring in Politics: Language of Lies in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Race

In den letzten Monaten wurde oft darüber berichtet, dass einige polnischen Gemeinden, Städte und Woiwodschaften sogenannte "LGBT-freie Zonen" eingeführt haben. Was genau sich hinter diesem Namen versteckt, um wie viele Beschlüsse es sich handelt und welche Folgen es für die deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen haben kann, ist aber eher unklar. In den kommenden Wochen versuchen wir in einigen Texten die Lage darzustellen. In unserem ersten Bericht beschreiben wir die Zahlen, nennen die Kommunal- und Regionalparlamente und erklären, was in den verabschiedeten Dokumenten steht.Resolution gegen die LGBT Ideologie und die Kommunale Charta der FamilienrechteDie LGBT+-Thematik (LGBT+ aus dem Englischen: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender, das "+" steht für weitere Geschlechtsidentitäten) wurde auf der kommunalen und regionalen Ebene zum ersten Mal auf die politische Agenda gebracht, als Warschaus Stadtpräsident am 18. Februar 2019 die LGBT+-Resolution für Warschau unterschrieb, welche mehrere Punkte zum Kampf gegen die Diskriminierung der LGBT+-Community enthält. Darunter fallen zum Beispiel Sexualkunde und Antidiskriminierungserziehung in der Schule sowie sichere Treffpunkte für LGBT+-Personen.Darauf folgten Schritte von den Kommunen und Regionalparlamenten, die sich dagegen wehren wollten. So wurde die erste Resolution gegen die "LGBT-Ideologie" am 26. Mai 2019 im Landkreis Świdnik (Woiwodschaft Lublin) verabschiedet und die erste Kommunale Charta der Familienrechte am 26. April 2019 im Landkreis Łowicz (Woiwodschaft Lodz). In der Diskussion um die Maßnahmen, die gegen die LGBT+-Community ergriffen wurden, handelt es sich also um zwei Arten von Dokumenten.Die verabschiedeten Texte der Resolution gegen die "LGBT-Ideologie" unterschieden sich von Ort zu Ort, die meisten von ihnen orientieren sich allerdings an der ersten Resolution aus dem Landkreis Świdnik und die Kernaussage bleibt immer die gleiche: Die jeweilige Kommune, Stadt oder Region soll nicht von der "LGBT-Ideologie" beeinflusst werden, damit Kinder in der Schule vor der aufgezwungenen politischen Korrektheit und der "Frühsexualisierung" nach den Standards der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (wie die Sexualaufklärung von ihren Gegnern genannt wird) geschützt werden. Die Resolution stehe, so ihre Anhänger, im Einklang mit den Eltern der Schüler*innen. Außerdem sollen Lehrkräfte und andere Personen in diesem Berufskreis nicht unter der "politischen Korrektheit" leiden, die in den Resolutionen teilweise als "Homopropaganda" bezeichnet wird. Es heißt, dass nur so die traditionellen, insbesondere christlichen Werte des Landes und der Nation gewahrt werden können.Es gibt einige Resolutionen, die auffällige Unterschiede zeigen, unter anderem mit noch mehr Fokus auf die christlichen Werte, wie zum Beispiel die milder geschriebene Resolution aus dem Landkreis Białystok, bei der unterstrichen wird, dass alle Minderheiten toleriert werden sollten, aber die christlichen Überzeugungen der Pol*innen trotzdem respektiert werden müssen und im Vordergrund stehen, oder die Resolution der Gemeinde Łosina Dolna, welche die LGBT-Bewegung als Angriff auf die polnische Kirche und als Beleidigung gläubiger Menschen darstellt. Auffällig ist die Resolution des Landkreises Ryki, bei dem die Wortwahl aggressiver gewählt wird, etwa mit Begriffen wie "Homoterror".Bei der Kommunalen Charta der Familienrechte handelt es sich wiederum immer um das gleiche Dokument, welches von der ultrakonservativen Organisation Ordo Iuris im März 2019 initiiert und vorbereitet wurde. In dieser wird die Wichtigkeit des Familienlebens unterstrichen und es wird auf die Verfassung Polens hingewiesen, nach der die Ehe als Partnerschaft zwischen Frau und Mann formuliert wird, das Familienleben dem Schutz des Staates unterliegt und die Eltern ihre Kinder nach den eigenen Vorstellungen erziehen können sowie das Kind vor Demoralisierung geschützt werden soll. Es werden fünf Forderungen erhoben, die folgende Themen behandeln: 1. Die Rechte der Eltern und das Kindeswohl in der Schule und im Kindergarten, 2. Familienrechte in der Sozialpolitik der Gemeinde, 3. Förderung guter Regelungen in Bezug auf Familienrechte in Unternehmen, 4. Überwachung und Durchsetzung von Familienrechten, 5. Schaffung eines familienfreundlichen Rechts.Eine deutsche Übersetzung der Charta ist hier einsehbar.Zahlen und NamenInsgesamt wurden 63 Resolutionen (oder ähnliche Dokumente, etwa einzelne Beschlüsse) von fünf Woiwodschaften, 19 Landkreisen, 38 Gemeinden und einer Stadt verabschiedet. In 30 Kommunal- und Regionalparlamenten wurde sie 12 Mal abgelehnt und 18 Mal von der Tagesordnung genommen.Für die Charta wiederum haben sich 40 Kommunal- und Regionalparlamente entschieden, davon zwei Woiwodschaften, 17 Landkreise, 19 Gemeinden und zwei Städte. Abgelehnt wurde sie 31 Mal, und sieben Mal wurde sie von der Tagesordnung genommen.Vier Parlamente haben sowohl die Resolution als auch die Charta verabschiedet (Stary Sącz, Landkreis Tarnów, Landkreis Radzyń, Woiwodschaft Karpatenvorland), eines zwei Varianten eigens formulierter Resolutionen (Woiwodschaft Heiligkreuz).Die Zonen und der Grad der LGBT-feindlichen Politik sind auf folgender Website einsehbar, die von polnischen LGBT+ Aktivist*innen erstellt wurde: https://atlasnienawisci.pl/Politische TrennlinieBei den Diskussionen der Gemeinderäte, Stadtparlamente, Kreistage und Landtage der Woiwodschaften sowie bei den anschließenden Abstimmungen waren politische Trennlinien deutlich zu sehen. Von den 1391 stimmberechtigten Ratsmitgliedern auf allen kommunalen und regionalen Ebenen haben 959 für die Resolution gestimmt, davon kamen 546 Stimmen von der Recht und Gerechtigkeit Partei (PiS), 311 Stimmen entfielen auf Vertreter*innen lokaler oder regionaler Wahllisten und 93 Stimmen kamen von der Polnischen Volkspartei (PSL). Im Vergleich dazu gab es insgesamt 167 Stimmen gegen die Resolution, davon 87 Stimmen von lokalen oder regionalen Listen sowie 56 Stimmen von der Bürgerkoalition (KO). Zudem gab es 73 Enthaltungen.Tabelle: Stimmen für und gegen der Resolutionen gegen die "LGBT-Ideologie" in ganz Polen. Quelle: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/15yrxAGCj9RKop_IBz35OuD5KKylSIHUVnpfJ2b5W8Xg/edit#gid=919299813 [letzter Zugriff am 19.8.2020] Bei der Charta der Familienrechte haben 532 der insgesamt 887 Stimmberechtigten die Charta unterstützt, es gab 184 Gegenstimmen. Dabei war die Unterstützung von Mitgliedern der PiS-Fraktionen wieder besonders sichtbar, da 315 der Stimmen aus ihrem Lager kamen, aber es haben auch 165 der Mitglieder lokaler und regionaler Wahllisten dafür gestimmt. Die Ablehnung erfolgte vor allem durch Mitglieder lokaler Wahllisten mit 102 Stimmen und durch die KO mit 56 Stimmen. 53 Personen haben sich enthalten.Tabelle: Stimmen für und gegen die Charta der Familienrechte in ganz Polen. Quelle: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/15yrxAGCj9RKop_IBz35OuD5KKylSIHUVnpfJ2b5W8Xg/edit#gid=1183302830 [letzter Zugriff am 19.8.2020]Verweigerung von FördermittelnDie von den lokalen Behörden verabschiedeten Dokumente haben bei verschiedenen ausländischen und europäischen Institutionen und Partnern Sorgen, Missverständnisse und Ablehnung hervorgerufen. Aus diesem Grund hat die Europäische Kommission sechs polnischen Städten und Gemeinden, die derartige Dokumente verabschiedet haben, kein Geld im Rahmen von kommunalen Partnerschaftsprojekten bewilligt. Als Antwort darauf hat das polnische Justizministerium einer der betroffenen Gemeinden dreimal so viel Geld wie von der EU-Kommission beantragt gegeben (250 000 PLN). Das Ministerium ist offensichtlich bereit, auch weitere Kommunen oder Städte zu unterstützen, die von der EU aus dem genannten Grund nicht gefördert wurden, und zwar aus den Mitteln eines eigentlich für die Opfer von Verbrechen angelegten Fonds.In den folgenden Texten werden wir beschreiben, wie in den kommunalen und regionalen Ratssitzungen über LGBT+ diskutiert worden ist. Außerdem werden wir analysieren, welches Feedback es von den Partnern der Kommunen in Deutschland auf die in Polen verabschiedeten Dokumente gegeben hat. Wir laden Sie auch dazu ein auf unserer Plattform Polen in der Schule Weiteres zu LGBT+-Rechten nachzulesen.

The data was used in conducting research on Sexual Orientation and Gender-Identity (SOGI) Laws That Support and/or Limit International Development conducted by Thomas S. Serwatka. A sexual orientation and gender identity legal index (SOGI-LI) was developed for 185 countries where data were available for 2018 [see Column C]. The author used data from the 11th and 13th editions of the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersexual Association's State-Sponsored Homophobia Reports (Carroll 2016; Mendos 2019). Using the data from ILGA, the initial version of the Sexual Orientation and Gender-Identity-Legal Index (SOGI-LI) was constructed. It was supplemented by information on transgender 2019 annual report LGBT rights by country (Wikipedia's 2019 update) [See Column E]. Sub-scores are listed in columns M-S. Democracy Index 2018 The Economist Intelligence Unit (2019) provides an indexed score on the democratic rule for 167 countries (See Column F) of which 151 were included in the current study on 185 nations. The Democracy Index scores could range from 0 to 10 points and were based on five subscales listed in columns U-Y. World Happiness Report The World Happiness Report was first published in April 2012, with the support of the United Nations (Helliwell et al. 2019). The survey is administered to at least 1,000 and up to 3,000 participants from each of 150 countries across the globe. The single question survey asks respondents to rate their level of happiness over the past year: Please imagine a ladder, with steps numbered from 0 at the bottom to 10 at the top. The top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you. On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time? [National Scores in Column G] Scores represent a three-year rolling average. In post-hoc analyses, the responses are found to strongly relate to GDP per-capita, social support systems, healthy life expectancy, freedom to make life choices. [Correlated data tracked in columns Z-AE] Per-capita GDP Data on the 2018 per-capita GDP for 171 of the countries included in the study were downloaded from Knomea, which drew the data from The World Bank (2018) [Column H] Educational Level Data on the educational levels for 138 of the 185 nations under study were drawn from the World Data Atlas (2017). These data are presented as the percentage of the adult population that had completed a tertiary (post-secondary) education program [Column I]. Religious Freedom For this study, religious freedom was assessed using Pew Research Center's Religion Restrictions Index Scores (2019). There are two scales – Government Restriction Index (GRI) [Column J] and Social Hostilities Index (SHI) [Column L]. Each yields a separate score ranging from 0 to 10, with 0 representing the fewest governmental restrictions or the fewest reported incidences of social hostilities. The data used to score each country were drawn from 21 different sources. Degree of Religiosity The results of a Gallup survey in which respondents were asked whether religious beliefs were an important part of the individual's daily life were used to assess religiosity in each country [Column K]. The poll takers interviewed 1,000 people from each country, face-to-face or by telephone. Predominant Major Religious Group The major religions in each country were drawn from the Pew Research Center (2012). For the current study, 50% or more of the population had to declare following the same religion for it to be selected as a possible predominant faith. In addition, religions with 50% or more followers had to be at least 20% higher than the next most often selected religion. Possible options were Christian (n=110 countries), Muslim (n= 43), Buddhist (n=7), Hindu (n= 2), Judaism (n= 1), or indigenous faith (n= 1). [Column D] Geographic Data appear in columns A and B

Focusing on sexuality and gender identity health and wellness information in Canadian English language baccalaureate nursing curricula and policy, the data for this study were collected from a small, but representative sample of nursing school leadership in 2013. Surveys were returned from 17 (22.4%) institutions across Canada, and scaffolded against 52 provincial and national professional curricula/ entry to practice policy documents. This research shows that Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender Queer Intersex Two-Spirit and Ally (LGBTQI2S+) content in Canadian baccalaureate nursing curricula are nominal, insufficient, and unregulated at best. In general, respondents expressed concern about their ability to teach in the area of sexuality and gender diversity, and about the availability of evidence-based up-to-date teaching resources. More specifically, gender identity/transgender health and wellness issues were overlooked in the majority of institutions despite increasingly explicit reference to such content in curricular policy. The purpose of this research was to investigate the structural embeddedness of LGBTQI2S+ health and wellness information in Canadian English BN curricula. Focusing on conceptualizations and transmission of information in curricula and related policy, the researcher surveyed Canadian nursing school leaders to identify if, how, and where sexuality and gender diversity (specific LGBTQI2S+ health and wellness information) existed in their institution's curriculum. The findings also reported on the acknowledgement of LGBTQI2S content in Canadian curricula policy used to prepare nurses for entry to practice. Last and finally, (outside of the scope of this journal article) the research developed a list of sexuality and gender identity health and wellness issues, as well as LGBTQI2S+ curricula and policy resources through an annotated bibliography (See: Shortall, 2017) Résumé Centrées sur la santé et le bien-être liés à la sexualité et à l'identité de genre dans les politiques et les programmes de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières offerts en anglais au Canada, les données de cette étude ont été recueillies en 2013 auprès d'un échantillon restreint, mais représentatif, de directions d'écoles de sciences infirmières. Les formulaires, qui ont été retournés par 17 établissements canadiens (soit 22,4 %), ont été étayés par 52 documents de politiques provinciales et nationales quant aux programmes d'études donnant accès à la pratique professionnelle. La recherche indique que le contenu des programmes de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières au Canada qui prend en considération ou qui porte sur les personnes lesbiennes, gaies, bisexuelles, transgenres, queer, inter-sexes, bi-spirituelles et alliées (LGBTQI2S+) est négligeable, incomplet et non réglementé. En général, les répondantes ont exprimé des préoccupations quant à leur capacité à enseigner la sexualité et la diversité de genre, mais aussi concernant la disponibilité de résultats de récentes recherches comme ressources pédagogiques. Plus précisément, les questions de santé et de bien-être des personnes transgenres ont été négligées dans la plupart des établissements malgré des références de plus en plus explicites dans les politiques sur les programmes de formation. Le but de cette recherche était d'examiner l'intégration structurelle de l'information sur la santé et le bien-être de la communauté LGBTQI2S+ dans les programmes de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières offerts en langue anglaise au Canada. En se centrant sur les conceptualisations et la transmission d'information dans ces programmes d'études et les politiques connexes, un sondage a été mené auprès de directrices d'écoles de sciences infirmières pour évaluer si la sexualité et la diversité de genre (informations particulières à la santé et au bien-être des personnes LGBTQI2S+) étaient abordées au sein du programme de leur établissement et de quelle manière. Les résultats ont également examiné les politiques portant sur les programmes d'études canadiens qui préparent les infirmières en vue d'accéder à la pratique. Enfin, la recherche (en dehors du cadre de cet article) a permis de dresser une liste de questions de santé et de bien-être en lien avec la sexualité et l'identité de genre, ainsi que des ressources portant sur les politiques et les programmes d'études qui incluent des contenus sur les personnes LGBTQI2S+ au moyen d'une bibliographie commentée (voir Shortall 2017).

"For over a century and in scores of countries, patriarchal presumptions and practices have been challenged by women and their male allies. "Sexual harassment" has entered common parlance; police departments are equipped with rape kits; more than half of the national legislators in Bolivia and Rwanda are women; and a woman candidate won the plurality of the popular votes in the 2016 United States presidential election. But have we really reached equality and overthrown a patriarchal point of view? The Big Push exposes how patriarchal ideas and relationships continue to be modernized to this day. Through contemporary cases and reports, renowned political scientist Cynthia Enloe exposes the workings of everyday patriarchy--in how Syrian women civil society activists have been excluded from international peace negotiations; how sexual harassment became institutionally accepted within major news organizations; or in how the UN Secretary General's post has remained a masculine domain. Enloe then lays out strategies and skills for challenging patriarchal attitudes and operations. Encouraging self-reflection, she guides us in the discomforting curiosity of reviewing our own personal complicity in sustaining patriarchy in order to withdraw our own support for it. Timely and globally conscious, The Big Push is a call for feminist self-reflection and strategic action with a belief that exposure complements resistance."--Provided by publisher

Global sex -- Gender and sexual transitions -- Gender ambivalence in tom and dee identities -- Thai norms of gender and sexuality -- Gender dynamics between toms and dees : subversion or conformity? -- Anjaree and Lesla : tom and dee communities and organizations -- Discourses of "homosexuality," : the state and the media in Thailand

After an arduous fight for the rights of women and black people practically throughout the entire twentieth century, the voice of members of community encompassing sexual minorities and other individuals with non-normative genders has been increasingly appearing in the public discourse. This is another group that began to demand respect and acceptance. Their actions are carried out at different levels. One of such ventures are the Olympic Games, whose range of influence and popularity is regularly increasing. Is there, therefore, a time-dependent correlation between the biannually held (alternately summer and winter), most recognized international sports competitions and the actions of people belonging to sexual minorities whose orientation is not heterosexual and people with gender identity different from their assigned sex? The following analysis shows the Olympic history in that regard, which, supplemented with numerous sport threads about the fight for the rights of women and people with a skin color other than white, is designed to verify the presented hypothesis. References 1 Müller N. Olympism. Selected writings. Lausanne: IOC; 2000. p. 711-713. 2 Lennartz K. Two women ran the marathon in 1896. Citius, Altius, Fortius. 1994; 2(1): 19-20. 3 Tarasouleas A. Stamata Revithi, 'Alias Melpomeni'. Olympic Review. 1997; XXVI(17): 53-55. 4 Quintillan G. Alice Milliat and the Women's Games. Olympic Review. 2000; XXVI(31): 27-28. 5 Młodzikowski G. 20 olimpiad ery nowożytnej. Warszawa: Sport i Turystyka; 1973. 6 Porada Z. Starożytne i nowożytne igrzyska olimpijskie. Kraków: KAW; 1980. 7 Rempel B. [Internet] Women's ski jumping aim at the Winter Olympics [cited 2019 Ago 12]. 2013. Available from www.skiinghistory.org. 8 Hart S. [Internet] Sochi Winter Olympics 2014: Carina Vogt wins women's ski jumping gold [cited 2019 Ago 12]. 2014. Available from www.telegraph.co.uk. 9 Lipoński W. All Games, All Nations? Problems of cultural universality of the Olympic Movement. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism. 2003;10(1): 107-14. 10 Holmes J. Olympiad 1936. New York: Ballantine; 1971. 11 Blundell N. Hitler w obiektywie. Nieznane zdjęcia. t. J. Złotnicki, Warszawa: Amber; 2018. 12 Shaikin B. Sport and politics. The Olympics and the Los Angeles Games. New York: Praeger Publishers; 1988. 13 Walters G. Igrzyska w Berlinie. Jak Hitler ukradł olimpijski sen. Poznań: Rebis; 2008. 14 Willemsen E. Togo's 1st Winter Olympian wants to inspire Africa. Associated Press, 13 Feb 2014 [cited 2019 Ago 10]. Russia: ABC News. 15 Berg S. (2009). How Dora the Man Competed in the Woman's High Jump. Der Spiegel, 15 Sep 2009 [cited 2019 Jul 29]. 16 García J. [Internet] Der Mann, der eine Hochspringerin war. 18 Oct 2017, [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.die-tagesport.de. 17 Tucker R, Collins M. The science of sex verification and athletic performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2010; 5(2): 127-139. 18 Padawer R. [Internet] The humiliating practice of sex-testing female athletes. The New York Times, 28 Jun 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/magazine/the-humiliating-practice-of-sex-testing-female-athletes.html 19 Lenskyj H.J. Gay Games or Gay Olympics? Implications for lesbian inclusion. Sociological Perspectives on Sport: The Games Outside the Games. 2015: 352. 20 Kirby SL, Demers G, Parent, S. Vulnerability/prevention: Considering the needs of disabled and gay athletes in the context of sexual harassment and abuse. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008; 6(4): 407-26. 21 Hubbard P, Wilkinson E. Welcoming the world? Hospitality, homonationalism, and the London 2012 Olympics. Antipode. 2015; 47(3): 598-615. 22 Camporesi S, Maugeri P. Caster Semenya: sport, categories and the creative role of ethics, J Med. Ethics. 2010; 36: 378-9. 23 Karkazis K, Jordan-Young RM. The powers of testosterone: Obscuring race and regional bias in the regulation of women athletes. Feminist Formations. 2018; 30(2): 1-39. 24 Wojnarowski G. [Internet] Dla Jóźwik to powinna być złota medalistka IO. Piękna Kanadyjka kontra afrykańskie maszyny. 13 Aug 2017 [cited 2019 Ago 08], Available from www.sportowefakty.wp.pl. 25 Fabian M. [Internet] MŚ w Dausze. Caster Semenya z zakazek startu na 800 m. Nie obroni tytułu mistrzowskiego. 30 July 2019 [cited 2019 Ago 08]. Available from www.sportowefakty.wp.pl. 26 Stern, C. [Internet] (2016). I wanted to give up – but I didn't: Nike casts its first transgender sports star, Olympic triathlete Chris Mosier, in a groundbreaking new ad campaign [cited 2019 Ago 10]. Available from www.dailymail.co.uk. 27 Sawicka-Stępińska B. Women in the Polish Language of Sports: Feminatives and other displays of gender asymmetry [w:] Bogusławska-Tafelska M, Haładewicz-Grzelak M. Editors. Communication as a Life Process, volume 2. The Holistic Paradigm in Language Sciences. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2019. p. 237-247. 28 IOC. Olympic Charter. Lausanne: IOC; 2018. ; Después de una ardua lucha por los derechos de las mujeres y los negros durante la mayor parte del siglo XX, la voz de los miembros de la comunidad que abraza a las minorías sexuales y otros individuos de género no normativos aparece cada vez más en el discurso público. Este es otro grupo que ha comenzado a exigir respeto y aceptación. Sus acciones se realizan en diferentes niveles. Una de esas empresas son los Juegos Olímpicos, cuyo rango de influencia y popularidad aumenta constantemente. ¿Existe, por lo tanto, una correlación dependiente del tiempo entre las competiciones deportivas bienales reconocidas internacionalmente (alternativamente en verano e invierno) y las acciones de personas de minorías sexuales cuya orientación no heterosexual y personas con una identidad de género diferente a su género designado? El siguiente análisis muestra la historia olímpica a este respecto, que se complementa con numerosas líneas de investigación deportiva sobre la lucha por los derechos de las mujeres y las personas con un color de piel diferente al blanco, está diseñado para verificar la hipótesis presentada. Referencias 1 Müller N. Olympism. Selected writings. Lausanne: IOC; 2000. p. 711-713. 2 Lennartz K. Two women ran the marathon in 1896. Citius, Altius, Fortius. 1994; 2(1): 19-20. 3 Tarasouleas A. Stamata Revithi, 'Alias Melpomeni'. Olympic Review. 1997; XXVI(17): 53-55. 4 Quintillan G. Alice Milliat and the Women's Games. Olympic Review. 2000; XXVI(31): 27-28. 5 Młodzikowski G. 20 olimpiad ery nowożytnej. Warszawa: Sport i Turystyka; 1973. 6 Porada Z. Starożytne i nowożytne igrzyska olimpijskie. Kraków: KAW; 1980. 7 Rempel B. [Internet] Women's ski jumping aim at the Winter Olympics [cited 2019 Ago 12]. 2013. Available from www.skiinghistory.org. 8 Hart S. [Internet] Sochi Winter Olympics 2014: Carina Vogt wins women's ski jumping gold [cited 2019 Ago 12]. 2014. Available from www.telegraph.co.uk. 9 Lipoński W. All Games, All Nations? Problems of cultural universality of the Olympic Movement. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism. 2003;10(1): 107-14. 10 Holmes J. Olympiad 1936. New York: Ballantine; 1971. 11 Blundell N. Hitler w obiektywie. Nieznane zdjęcia. t. J. Złotnicki, Warszawa: Amber; 2018. 12 Shaikin B. Sport and politics. The Olympics and the Los Angeles Games. New York: Praeger Publishers; 1988. 13 Walters G. Igrzyska w Berlinie. Jak Hitler ukradł olimpijski sen. Poznań: Rebis; 2008. 14 Willemsen E. Togo's 1st Winter Olympian wants to inspire Africa. Associated Press, 13 Feb 2014 [cited 2019 Ago 10]. Russia: ABC News. 15 Berg S. (2009). How Dora the Man Competed in the Woman's High Jump. Der Spiegel, 15 Sep 2009 [cited 2019 Jul 29]. 16 García J. [Internet] Der Mann, der eine Hochspringerin war. 18 Oct 2017, [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.die-tagesport.de. 17 Tucker R, Collins M. The science of sex verification and athletic performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2010; 5(2): 127-139. 18 Padawer R. [Internet] The humiliating practice of sex-testing female athletes. The New York Times, 28 Jun 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/magazine/the-humiliating-practice-of-sex-testing-female-athletes.html 19 Lenskyj H.J. Gay Games or Gay Olympics? Implications for lesbian inclusion. Sociological Perspectives on Sport: The Games Outside the Games. 2015: 352. 20 Kirby SL, Demers G, Parent, S. Vulnerability/prevention: Considering the needs of disabled and gay athletes in the context of sexual harassment and abuse. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008; 6(4): 407-26. 21 Hubbard P, Wilkinson E. Welcoming the world? Hospitality, homonationalism, and the London 2012 Olympics. Antipode. 2015; 47(3): 598-615. 22 Camporesi S, Maugeri P. Caster Semenya: sport, categories and the creative role of ethics, J Med. Ethics. 2010; 36: 378-9. 23 Karkazis K, Jordan-Young RM. The powers of testosterone: Obscuring race and regional bias in the regulation of women athletes. Feminist Formations. 2018; 30(2): 1-39. 24 Wojnarowski G. [Internet] Dla Jóźwik to powinna być złota medalistka IO. Piękna Kanadyjka kontra afrykańskie maszyny. 13 Aug 2017 [cited 2019 Ago 08], Available from www.sportowefakty.wp.pl. 25 Fabian M. [Internet] MŚ w Dausze. Caster Semenya z zakazek startu na 800 m. Nie obroni tytułu mistrzowskiego. 30 July 2019 [cited 2019 Ago 08]. Available from www.sportowefakty.wp.pl. 26 Stern, C. [Internet] (2016). I wanted to give up – but I didn't: Nike casts its first transgender sports star, Olympic triathlete Chris Mosier, in a groundbreaking new ad campaign [cited 2019 Ago 10]. Available from www.dailymail.co.uk. 27 Sawicka-Stępińska B. Women in the Polish Language of Sports: Feminatives and other displays of gender asymmetry [w:] Bogusławska-Tafelska M, Haładewicz-Grzelak M. Editors. Communication as a Life Process, volume 2. The Holistic Paradigm in Language Sciences. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2019. p. 237-247. 28 IOC. Olympic Charter. Lausanne: IOC; 2018. ; Após uma árdua luta pelos direitos das mulheres e das pessoas negras durante praticamente todo o século XX, a voz dos membros da comunidade que abrange as minorias sexuais e outros indivíduos com gênero não normativo, vem aparecendo cada vez mais no discurso público. Esse é outro grupo que começou a exigir respeito e aceitação. Suas ações são realizadas em diferentes níveis. Um desses empreendimentos são os Jogos Olímpicos, cuja gama de influência e popularidade aumenta progressivamente. Existe, portanto, uma correlação dependente do tempo entre as competições esportivas reconhecidas internacionais realizadas bianualmente (alternadamente verão e inverno) e as ações de pessoas pertencentes a minorias sexuais cuja orientação não é heterossexual e pessoas com identidade de gênero diferente de seu sexo designado? A análise a seguir mostra a história olímpica a esse respeito, que é complementada com inúmeras linhas de pesquisa do esporte sobre a luta pelos direitos de mulheres e das pessoas com uma cor de pele diferente de branca, é projetada para verificar a hipótese apresentada. Referências 1 Müller N. Olympism. Selected writings. Lausanne: IOC; 2000. p. 711-713. 2 Lennartz K. Two women ran the marathon in 1896. Citius, Altius, Fortius. 1994; 2(1): 19-20. 3 Tarasouleas A. Stamata Revithi, 'Alias Melpomeni'. Olympic Review. 1997; XXVI(17): 53-55. 4 Quintillan G. Alice Milliat and the Women's Games. Olympic Review. 2000; XXVI(31): 27-28. 5 Młodzikowski G. 20 olimpiad ery nowożytnej. Warszawa: Sport i Turystyka; 1973. 6 Porada Z. Starożytne i nowożytne igrzyska olimpijskie. Kraków: KAW; 1980. 7 Rempel B. [Internet] Women's ski jumping aim at the Winter Olympics [cited 2019 Ago 12]. 2013. Available from www.skiinghistory.org. 8 Hart S. [Internet] Sochi Winter Olympics 2014: Carina Vogt wins women's ski jumping gold [cited 2019 Ago 12]. 2014. Available from www.telegraph.co.uk. 9 Lipoński W. All Games, All Nations? Problems of cultural universality of the Olympic Movement. Studies in Physical Culture and Tourism. 2003;10(1): 107-14. 10 Holmes J. Olympiad 1936. New York: Ballantine; 1971. 11 Blundell N. Hitler w obiektywie. Nieznane zdjęcia. t. J. Złotnicki, Warszawa: Amber; 2018. 12 Shaikin B. Sport and politics. The Olympics and the Los Angeles Games. New York: Praeger Publishers; 1988. 13 Walters G. Igrzyska w Berlinie. Jak Hitler ukradł olimpijski sen. Poznań: Rebis; 2008. 14 Willemsen E. Togo's 1st Winter Olympian wants to inspire Africa. Associated Press, 13 Feb 2014 [cited 2019 Ago 10]. Russia: ABC News. 15 Berg S. (2009). How Dora the Man Competed in the Woman's High Jump. Der Spiegel, 15 Sep 2009 [cited 2019 Jul 29]. 16 García J. [Internet] Der Mann, der eine Hochspringerin war. 18 Oct 2017, [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from www.die-tagesport.de. 17 Tucker R, Collins M. The science of sex verification and athletic performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance. 2010; 5(2): 127-139. 18 Padawer R. [Internet] The humiliating practice of sex-testing female athletes. The New York Times, 28 Jun 2016 [cited 2019 Ago 11]. Available from https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/03/magazine/the-humiliating-practice-of-sex-testing-female-athletes.html 19 Lenskyj H.J. Gay Games or Gay Olympics? Implications for lesbian inclusion. Sociological Perspectives on Sport: The Games Outside the Games. 2015: 352. 20 Kirby SL, Demers G, Parent, S. Vulnerability/prevention: Considering the needs of disabled and gay athletes in the context of sexual harassment and abuse. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology. 2008; 6(4): 407-26. 21 Hubbard P, Wilkinson E. Welcoming the world? Hospitality, homonationalism, and the London 2012 Olympics. Antipode. 2015; 47(3): 598-615. 22 Camporesi S, Maugeri P. Caster Semenya: sport, categories and the creative role of ethics, J Med. Ethics. 2010; 36: 378-9. 23 Karkazis K, Jordan-Young RM. The powers of testosterone: Obscuring race and regional bias in the regulation of women athletes. Feminist Formations. 2018; 30(2): 1-39. 24 Wojnarowski G. [Internet] Dla Jóźwik to powinna być złota medalistka IO. Piękna Kanadyjka kontra afrykańskie maszyny. 13 Aug 2017 [cited 2019 Ago 08], Available from www.sportowefakty.wp.pl. 25 Fabian M. [Internet] MŚ w Dausze. Caster Semenya z zakazek startu na 800 m. Nie obroni tytułu mistrzowskiego. 30 July 2019 [cited 2019 Ago 08]. Available from www.sportowefakty.wp.pl. 26 Stern, C. [Internet] (2016). I wanted to give up – but I didn't: Nike casts its first transgender sports star, Olympic triathlete Chris Mosier, in a groundbreaking new ad campaign [cited 2019 Ago 10]. Available from www.dailymail.co.uk. 27 Sawicka-Stępińska B. Women in the Polish Language of Sports: Feminatives and other displays of gender asymmetry [w:] Bogusławska-Tafelska M, Haładewicz-Grzelak M. Editors. Communication as a Life Process, volume 2. The Holistic Paradigm in Language Sciences. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing; 2019. p. 237-247. 28 IOC. Olympic Charter. Lausanne: IOC; 2018.

1963-1969.(from) The feminine mystique /Betty Friedan ;Sex and caste: a kind of memo /Casey Hayden and Mary King ;(from) Jane Crow and the law: sex discrimination and Title VII /Pauli Murray and Mary O. Eastwood ;(from) SCUM manifesto /Valerie Solanas ;(from) Toward a female liberation movement, Part I /Beverly Jones and Judith Brown ;No more Miss America! /New York Radical Women ;Statement on birth control /Black Women's Liberation Group of Mt. Vernon, New York ;On celibacy /Dana Densmore ;The myth of the vaginal orgasm /Anne Koedt ;(from) Phallic criticism /Mary Ellman ;Leaflet /Witch ;An argument for black women's liberation as a revolutionary force /Mary Ann Weathers ;(from) Radical feminism /Ti-Grace Atkinson ;The personal is political /Carol Hanisch ;The politics of housework /Pat Mainardi ;Women: Do you know the facts about marriage? /The Feminists ;Double jeopardy: to be black and female /Frances M. Beal ;The man's problem /Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and Lisa Leghorn ;(from) The next great moment in history is theirs /Vivian Gornick ;Manifesto and principles /Redstockings --1970-1979.(from) The dialectic of sex /Shulamith Firestone ;(from) Sexual politics /Kate Millett ;(from) The 51% minority /Shirley Chisholm ;Abortion law repeal (sort of): a warning to women /Lucinda Cisler ;The woman identified woman /RadicaLesbians ;(from) Are women equal under the law? /Gene Boyer ;(from) Angry notes from a black feminist /Doris Wright ;(from) Position paper on women /Young Lords Party ;Why I want a wife /Judy Syfers ;A brief elegy for four women /Robin Morgan ;(from) The children's house /Marcia Sprinkle and Norma Allen Lesser ;(from) Rape: the all-American crime /Susan Griffin ;(from) New voice of La Raza: Chicanas speak out /Mirta Vidal ;Black & blacklesbian /Margaret Sloan ;Sisterhood /Gloria Steinem ;(from) The housewife's moment of truth /Jane O'Reilly ;(from) Women who are writers in our century: one out of twelve /Tillie Olsen ;Lesbians in revolt /Charlotte Bunch ;Welfare is a women's issue /Johnnie Tillmon ;(from) Birth control /Barbara Seaman ;(from) Women and madness /Phyllis Chesler ;(from) The verbal karate of Florynce R. Kennedy, Esq. ;(from) Consciousness-raising: a radical weapon /Kathie Sarachild ;Preface to Our bodies, ourselves /Boston Women's Health Collective ;(from) The new feminism and women's studies /Catharine R. Stimpson ;In search of our mothers' gardens /Alice Walker ;Wages against housework /Silvia Federici ;Practicing health without a license /Lolly Hirsch ;Sex and women's liberation /Anne Forer ;(from) Joan Little: the dialectics of rape /Angela Davis ;(from) Against our will: men, women and rape /Susan Brownmiller ;(from) A black feminist's search for sisterhood /Michele Wallace ;(from) The woman warrior /Maxine Hong Kingston ;(from) Through the flower: my struggle as a woman artist /Judy Chicago ;(from) Of woman born /Adrienne Rich ;(from) Trashing: the dark side of sisterhood /Jo Freeman ;A letter from a battered wife /Del Martin ;What is socialist feminism? /Barbara Ehrenreich ;The majority finds its past /Gerda Lerner ;A black feminist statement /The Combahee River Collective ;(from) In mourning and in rage... /Suzanne Lacy and Leslie Labowitz ;(from) Gyn/ecology /Mary Daly ;Notes from a free-speech junkie /Susan Jacoby ;Eleven ways to fight sexual harassment /Lin Farley ;(from) Uses of the erotic: the erotic as power /Audre Lorde ;Racism and women's studies /Barbara Smith --1980-1991.We're all in the same boat /Rosario Morales ;(from) Speaking in tongues: a letter to 3rd world women writers ;To change the world for women /Catharine MacKinnon ;(from) Pornography /Andrea Dworkin ;Pornography and pleasure /Paula Webster ;My mother liked to fuck /Joan Nestle ;(from) La güera /Cherríe Moraga ;(from) Invisibility is an unnatural disaster: reflections of an Asian American woman /Mitsuye Yamada ;(from) From housewife to heretic /Sonia Johnson ;(from) The vows, wows, and joys of the high priestess or What do you people do anyway? /Z. Budapest ;(from) In a different voice: psychological theory and women's development /Carol Gilligan ;(from) Toward a feminist sexual revolution /Ellen Willis ;The fear that feminism will free men first /Deirdre English ;(from) A gathering of spirit /Beth Brant ;(from) Who is your mother? Red roots of white feminism /Paula Gunn Allen ;(from) Thoughts on Indian feminism /Kate Shanley ;Ending female sexual oppression /bell hooks ;(from) The mother tongue, Bryn Mawr commencement address /Ursula K. Le Guin ;style no. 1 /Sonia Sanchez ;Don't you talk about my mama! /June Jordan ;WHISPER: Women hurt in systems of prostitution engaged in revolt /Sarah Wynter ;(from) U.S. PROStitutes Collective /Rachel West ;(from) Pages from a gender diary: basic divisions of feminism /Ann Snitow ;(from) Backlash /Susan Faludi.

chapter Introduction -- part Part I: Who or what is a parent? Underlying rationales -- chapter 1 Barbara Hall, 'The Origin of Parental Rights' (1999) 13(1) Public Affairs Quarterly 73-78 -- chapter 2 John Lawrence Hill, 'What Does It Mean to Be a -- chapter 3 Gillian Douglas, 'The Intention to be a Parent and the Making of Mothers' (1994) 57(4) The Modern Law Review 636-641 -- chapter 4 Tim Bayne and Avery Kolers, 'Toward a Pluralistic Account of Parenthood' (2003) 17(3) Bioethics 221-242 -- chapter 5 Jeffrey Blustein, 'Procreation and Parental Responsibility' (1997) 28(2) Journal of Social Philosophy 79-86 -- chapter 6 James G. Dwyer, 'The Moral Basis of Children's Relational Rights', ch 4.4 in John Eekelaar and Rob George (eds), Routledge Handbook of Family Law and Policy (Abingdon: Routledge, 2014), pp. 274-280 -- chapter 7 Nigel V. Lowe, 'The Changing Face of Adoption - the Gift/Donation Model versus the Contract/Services Model' (1997) 9(4) Child and Family Law Quarterly 371-386 -- part Part II: Legal concepts of 'parent' and their linkage -- chapter 8 Andrew Bainham, 'Parentage, Parenthood and Parental Responsibility: Subtle, Elusive, Yet Important Distinctions', ch 2 in A. Bainham, S. Day Sclater and M. Richards (eds). What is a Parent? A Socio-Legal Analysis (Oxford: Hart, 1999), pp. 25 -46 -- chapter 9 John Eekelaar, 'Rethinking Parental Responsibility' (2001) 31 Family Law 426-430 -- part Part III: The legal parent – accommodating complexity -- chapter 10 Craig Lind and Tom Hewitt, 'Law and the Complexities of Parenting: Parental Status and Parental Function' (2009) 31(4) Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law 391-406 -- chapter 11 Emily Jackson, 'What is a Parent?', ch 4 in A. Diduck and K. O'Donovan (eds), Feminist Perspectives on Family Law (London: Routledge-Cavendish, 2006), pp. 59-74 -- chapter 12 Andrew Bainham, 'Arguments about Parentage' (2008) 67(2) Cambridge Law Journal 322-351 -- chapter 13 Leanne Smith, 'Tangling the Web of Legal Parenthood: Legal Responses to the Use of Known Donors in Lesbian Parenting Arrangements' (2013) 33(3) Legal Studies 355-381 -- chapter 14 Kirsty Horsey, 'Challenging Presumptions: Legal Parenthood and Surrogacy Arrangements' (2010) 22(4) Child and Family Law Quarterly 449-474 -- part Part IV: The nature and scope of parental rights -- chapter 15 Phillip Montague, 'The Myth of Parental Rights' (2000) 26(1) Social Theory and Practice 47-68 -- chapter 16 Colin M. Macleod, 'Conceptions of Parental Autonomy' (1997) 25(1) Politics and Society 117-140 -- chapter 17 Andrew Bainham, 'Is Anything Now Left of Parental Rights?', ch 2 in R. Probert, S. Gilmore and J. Herring (eds), Responsible Parents and Parental Responsibility (Oxford: Hart, 2009), pp. 23-42 -- chapter 18 Jonathan Herring, The Welfare Principle and the Rights of Parents', ch 5 in A. Bainham, S. Day Sclater and M. Richards (eds), What is a Parent? A Socio-Legal Analysis (Oxford: Hart, 1999), pp. 89-105 -- chapter 19 Shazia Choudhry and Helen Fenwick, 'Taking the Rights of Parents and Children Seriously: Confronting the Welfare Principle under the Human Rights Act' (2005) 25(3) Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 453-492 -- part Part V: Shared parental responsibility -- chapter 20 Nigel V. Lowe, 'The Meaning and Allocation of Parental Responsibility – a Common Lawyer's Perspective' (1997) 11(2) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 192-215 -- chapter 21 Helen Reece, 'The Degradation of Parental Responsibility', ch 5 in R. Probert, S. Gilmore and J. Herring (eds), Responsible Parents and Parental Responsibility (Oxford: Hart, 2009), pp. 85-102 -- chapter 22 Belinda Fehlberg, Bruce Smyth, Mavis Maclean and Ceridwen Roberts, 'Legislating for Shared Time Parenting after Separation: A Research Review' (2011) 25(3) International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 318-337 -- part Part VI: Parental rights and the state -- chapter 23 Hugh LaFollette, 'Licensing Parents Revisited' (2010) 27(4) Journal of Applied Philosophy 327-343 -- chapter 24 David Archard, 'Child Abuse: Parental Rights and the Interests of the Child' (1990) 7(2) Journal of Applied Philosophy 183-194 -- chapter 25 Sonia Harris-Short, 'Making and Breaking Family Life: Adoption, the State, and Human Rights' (2008) 35(1) Journal of Law and Society 28-51.