Search results

After the slaves were emancipated between 1880 and 1886, the planter class in Cuba underwent a transformation. Successful mill owners modernized their facilities, increased their cane-processing capabilities, and became planter-industrialists. Unsuccessful mill owners who lacked sufficient capital to modernize dismantled their outdated mills and became simply cane farmers. The social structure of the sugar mills was also transformed. Wage labor and tenancy arrangements replaced slave labor, and the industrial process of cane milling became separate from the agricultural processes of planting and harvesting sugarcane. As industrial units became fewer but larger, they could grind more sugarcane than that grown on the land directly under their ownership, and the larger mills therefore entered into arrangements with surrounding mill owners who were unable to make the transition to the new technological phase of sugar milling. Because the new mills centralized the grinding of cane previously carried out by many smaller units, they became known asingenios centralesand eventually as simplycentrales.Planters who gave up their obsolete milling operations and turned exclusively to cane farming were calledcolonos.

The problem of religious and cultural upbringing and education is one of the pressing problems of social policy. Illiteracy in terms of knowledge of one's historical roots and true cultural values, lack of spiritual and moral priorities among young people — all these factors can pose a threat to the national security of Russia in preserving its integrity. This article reveals some of the causes of social problems and suggests ways to resolve possible conflict situations.

Many empirical studies show a signifi cant relationship between economic growth rates not only with neoclassical factors, but also with indicators of research eff ectiveness. The insuffi cient level of development of institutions limits economic growth, since part of the resources is spent on protecting property rights, on overcoming the barriers of corrupt activity. Since neoclassical macroeconomic factors do not fully explain the diff erences in the behavior of macroeconomic growth indicators of the subjects of the Ural-Siberian region, it is necessary to accept the institutional factor. Our work provides an assessment of the macroeconomic assessment of the institutional environment based on the indicators of the Ural-Siberian region. For this, panel data and a two-way fixed eff ects model were used — a model with separate and temporal eff ects. The economic growth in the models is described by the gross product, the regressors are investments in the main capital organizations, the export of goods and a specifi c life expectancy, which describes the impact of socio-economic institutions on the economic growth of the subjects of the macroregion, while the fi xed eff ects of the impact on political institutions. Thus, socio-economic institutions determine the scope determinants that are the goal of research, including fi eld experiments to determine eff ective games.

Introduction: Achievement and Its Social Life / Nicholas J. Long & Henrietta L. Moore -- Chapter 1. The Achievement of a Life, a List, a Line / Kathleen Stewart -- Chapter 2. Against the Odds: A Professional Gambler's Narrative of Achievement / Rebecca Cassidy -- Chapter 3. Men of Sound Reputation: The Passionate Aurality of Achievement in Guyanese Birdsport / Laura H. Mentore -- Chapter 4. Political Dimensions of Achievement Psychology: Perspectives on Selfhood, Confidence and Policy from a New Indonesian Province / Nicholas J. Long Chapter -- 5. Directive and Definitive Knowledge: Experiencing Achievement in a Thai Meditation Monastery / Joanna Cook Chaqpter -- 6. Autism and Affordances of Achievement: Narrative Genres and Parenting Practices / Olga Solomon -- Chapter 7. Achievement and Private Equity in the UK: A Game of Abstraction, Sociality and Making Money / Sarah F. Green -- Chapter 8. For Family, State, and Nation: Achieving Cosmopolitan Modernity in Late-Socialist Vietnam / Susan Bayly -- Chapter 9. Practicing Responsibilisation: The Unwritten Curriculum for Achievement in an American Suburb / Peter Demerath -- Chapter 10. Competing to Lose: (Black) Female School Success as Pyrrhic Victory / Signithia Fordham -- Notes on Contributors; Index.

Intro -- HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES -- HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT SOCIAL SCIENCE PERSPECTIVES -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- INTRODUCTION -- ETERNAL QUESTIONS AND PRESENT CONCERNS -- ENGAGEMENT OF SOCIAL SCIENTISTS WITH THE TOPICS OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT -- HEALTH -- ENVIRONMENT -- TRACING LINKAGES -- THE SUSTAINABILITY PARADOX -- CHARITY PARADOX -- STRUCTURE OF THE BOOK -- REFERENCES -- PART I. PROBLEM-FRAMING AND DEBATES -- Chapter 1 SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC ENGAGEMENT WITH HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT DEBATES: CLASSICAL ROOTS AND CONTEMPORARY SUB DISCIPLINES -- ABSTRACT -- CLASSICAL THEORIES AND CONTEMPORARY INTERPRETATIONS -- Thomas Malthus -- Karl Marx -- Durkheim and Weber -- CHANGES IN THE WORLD SINCE THE "CLASSICISTS" -- Health and Environment in the Context of Globalization -- Population Growth -- Health Issues in the Recent Decades -- Environmental Issues in the Recent Decades -- FROM CLASSICAL SCHOLARS TO MODERN ACADEMIC SUBDISCIPLINES -- Environmental Sociology -- Ecology of Health -- Ecological Sociology -- Environmental Health -- Medical Anthropology -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 WHY IS SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION ON SERIOUS ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH PROBLEMS NOT EASILY RECOGNIZED IN OUR SOCIETY? -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH SCIENCE -- Current Environment and Health Problems -- Scientific Proof -- Paralysis by Traditional Analysis -- Physical Chemical Hygiene -- 2. SCIENCE AND SOCIETY -- Trial and Retribution -- To Investigate or Not to Investigate: The Mysterious Case of Dendermonde -- To Know and Not to Act -- Mercedes or Health -- 3. THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH -- Biased Expertise -- Smokescreen Evidence: Science and Industry -- The Politics of Expert Judgement: Industry Involvement in the IARC -- Huff J. (2002) -- Alignment according to Huff -- I Rest my Case (at Home).