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Within southern hip-hop, minimal credit has been given to the Black women who have curated sonic and performance narratives within the southern region. Many southern hip-hop scholars and journalists have centralized the accomplishments and masculinities of southern male rap performances. Here, dirty south feminism works to explore how agency, location, and Black women&rsquo ; s rap (lyrics and rhyme) and dance (twerking) performances in southern hip-hop are established under a contemporary hip-hop womanist framework. I critique the history of southern hip-hop culture by decentralizing male-dominated and hyper-masculine southern hip-hop identities. Second, I extend hip-hop feminist/womanist scholarship that includes tangible reflections of Black womanhood that emerge out of the South to see how these narratives reshape and re-inform representations of Black women and girls within southern hip-hop culture. I use dirty south feminism to include geographical understandings of southern Black women who have grown up in the South and been sexually shamed, objectified and pushed to the margins in southern hip-hop history. I seek to explore the following questions: How does the performance of Black women&rsquo ; s presence in hip-hop dance localize the South to help expand narratives within dirty south hip-hop? How can the &ldquo ; dirty south&rdquo ; as a geographical place within hip-hop be a guide to disrupt a conservative hip-hop South through a hip-hop womanist lens?

The Division of Technology provides many different and constantly expanding information technology services to a myriad of customers, including state and local governments, K-l2 school districts, colleges, universities, technical colleges and other entities that have reached out to the Division. The Division charges these customers a rate for each of the individual services provided. Customers must trust the fact that the billings that they receive each month from the Division are accurate, understandable and reflect the actual services that they in fact received. The Division uses a system known as the Customer Work Order Fulfillment system to generate customers' billing statements. This paper examines that system.

"This is the first book to focus on indigenous, traditional and folk sports and sporting cultures. It examines the significance of sporting cultures that have survived the emergence and diffusion of western sports and have carved out a unique position not only in spite of, but also in response to, modernity. Presenting case studies from around the world, including from Europe, Asia, Africa, the Americas and Oceania, the book draws on multi-disciplinary work from sociology, anthropology, history, cultural studies and political science, exploring key themes in the social sciences including nationalism, identity, decolonisation and gender. From Turkish oil wrestling, Kabbadi in South Asia and Iroquois lacrosse, to wushu and sumo in East Asia, these sporting practices continue to capture the indigenous imagination on the margins of the western hegemonic sport complex. Situated in the fissures between the local and the global, the archaic and the modern, and between ritual and record, they inhabit a liminal space of transformation as they assume new cultural and political meanings, offering important perspectives on the complexities, challenges and contradictions of modernity. This is fascinating reading for anybody with an interest in sport, indigenous studies, anthropology, social and cultural history, or globalisation"--

The contributors to New World Orderings demonstrate that China's twenty-first-century rise occurs not only through economics and state politics but equally through the mutual entanglements of overlapping social, economic, and cultural worlds in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They show how the Chinese state has sought to reconfigure the nation's position in the world and the centrality of trade, labor, religion, migration, gender, race, and literature to this reconfiguration. Among other topics, the contributors examine China's post-Bandung cultural diplomacy with African nations, how West African "pastor-entrepreneurs" in China interpreted and preached the prosperity doctrine, the diversity of Chinese-Argentine social relations in the soy supply chain, and the ties between China and India within the complex history of inter-Asian exchange and Chinese migration to Southeast Asia. By examining China's long historical relationship with the Global South, this volume presents a non-state-centric history of China that foregrounds the importance of transnational communicative and imaginative worldmaking processes and interactions. Contributors. Andrea Bachner, Luciano Damian Bolinaga, Nellie Chu, Rachel Cypher, Mingwei Huang, T. Tu Huynh, Yu-lin Lee, Ng Kim Chew, Lisa Rofel, Carlos Rojas, Shuang Shen, Derek Sheridan, Nicolai Volland

The contributors to New World Orderings demonstrate that China's twenty-first-century rise occurs not only through economics and state politics but equally through the mutual entanglements of overlapping social, economic, and cultural worlds in Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America. They show how the Chinese state has sought to reconfigure the nation's position in the world and the centrality of trade, labor, religion, migration, gender, race, and literature to this reconfiguration. Among other topics, the contributors examine China's post-Bandung cultural diplomacy with African nations, how West African "pastor-entrepreneurs" in China interpreted and preached the prosperity doctrine, the diversity of Chinese-Argentine social relations in the soy supply chain, and the ties between China and India within the complex history of inter-Asian exchange and Chinese migration to Southeast Asia. By examining China's long historical relationship with the Global South, this volume presents a non-state-centric history of China that foregrounds the importance of transnational communicative and imaginative worldmaking processes and interactions.Contributors. Andrea Bachner, Luciano Damián Bolinaga, Nellie Chu, Rachel Cypher, Mingwei Huang, T. Tu Huynh, Yu-lin Lee, Ng Kim Chew, Lisa Rofel, Carlos Rojas, Shuang Shen, Derek Sheridan, Nicolai Volland

This article examines The Gambia's campaign from 1977-83 for a new international mechanism to protect human rights in the Commonwealth of Nations. President Dawda Jawara's crusade for a Commonwealth Human Rights Commission complicates the dominant scholarly interpretation of human rights history, which tends to dismiss or overlook African participation in the international human rights movement. The article explains The Gambia's display of human rights idealism as a strategy to attract aid and legitimacy in the global arena. It also shows how The Gambia's project was thwarted by the 'Old Commonwealth', including the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. Western member states worked together to surreptitiously weaken and defeat The Gambia's initiative, while deflecting blame and counting on 'New Commonwealth' governments in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean, and the Pacific to play the role of antagonist. Overall, the article contends the Commonwealth Human Rights Commission was killed because it threatened illusions and assumptions about the human rights movement that were convenient for western powers. With the use of archival sources from the UK, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, this article spotlights the need for a more nuanced understanding of African and Global South actors in human rights history.

Introduction: African economic transformation in the digital age / Mammo Muchie & Angathevar Baskaran -- ICTs and economic transformation in Africa : a synthesis / Olu Ajakaiye & Samuel Wangwe -- Innovation system approach towards economic transformation in the digital age / Angathevar Baskaran & Mammo Muchie -- Building the information society for us all / Christopher Freeman & Luc Soete -- How much is free? Quantifying open source software development in South Africa / Michael Gastrow & Saahier Parker -- Research in African e-local governance : outcome assessment research framework / Timothy Mwololo Waema, Winnie Mitullah & Edith Adera -- Policy implications of the relationship between ICT access and usage and well-being : a case study of Kenya / Timothy Mwololo Waema & Obadia Okinda -- Assessing ICT impact on development and economic transformation in the rural areas of Tanzania : the case of rural tele-centres / Peter Ulanga -- The impact of the Nigerian ICT policy on the printing and publishing industry / John O. Adeoti, Foluso M. Adeyinka & Moses O. Ubaru -- An assessment of application software market in Cameroon / Sunday A. Khan & Arsene Gideon Nkama -- Link between ICT investments, growth and jobs creation in Senegal / Latif Dramani & Oumy Laye -- Impact of cellular phones on technical and allocative efficiencies of commercial taxi and fishing boat firms in Ghana / Vijay K. Bhasin, Simon K. Harvey & Eme Umoeka Fiawoyife -- Impact of ICT investment, ownership and use in the cassava value chain in south western Nigeria / Mutawakilu A. Tiamiyu and Abiodun S. Bankole & Rosemary O. Agbonlahor -- Conceptualizing accountability in ICT4D : complementary perspectives of information systems and development management / Silvia Masiero -- Sustainable broadband connectivity model for rural areas of Tanzania / Fatuma Simba, Lena Trojer & Zaipuna O. Yonah -- Post scriptum / Mammo Muchie & Angathevar Baskaran

In South Africa, exploiting economic opportunities in the handicraft sector could create livelihood and employment for ordinary citizens living in rural areas. The potential contribution of handicraft small enterprises to sustainable livelihoods and poverty alleviation is yet to be fully exploited. It is also regarded as a sector with great growth potential, but the degree of support provided to the handicraft sector is low. The study aims to evaluate the socioeconomic factors influencing the viability of handicraft small businesses operating in KwaZulu-Natal. Data collection was drawn from a stratified random sample of 196 handicraft practitioners operating in different areas of KwaZulu-Natal Province with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed with the STATA statistical package. The results obtained from the study have shown that 84 enterprises (42.86%) were not viable, whereas 112 of the 196 handicraft enterprises (57.14%) were viable. The percentage of overall correct classification for this procedure was equal to 77.96%. Percentage sensitivity for the fitted logistic regression model was equal to 60.71%. Percentage specificity for the fitted logistic regression model was equal to 82.14%. The p-value obtained from Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was equal to 0.0884 > 0.05. This indicates that the fitted logistic regression model is fairly well reliable. The findings from the analysis showed that two factors significantly influenced the viability of handicraft enterprises. These two factors were the belief that handicraft business could sustain the handicraft practitioner, and the level of support for handicraft businesses from non-governmental organizations is decreasing. AcknowledgmentSouth Africa SarChi Chair, Nation Research Fund and Department of Science and Technology, South African, for providing funding for this research.

Background: Compulsory community service (CCS) for nurses commenced in South Africa in January 2008 after it was legislated in the new Nursing Act (Act No. 33 of 2005). Nurses completing their registered nurse programme are registered as community nurse practitioners (CNPs) during the CCS period and make up the largest number of health professionals serving CCS. Whilst health institutions have welcomed CNPs as additional resources for the shortage of nursing staff, no structured guidelines have been provided at a regional level as to how these nurses should be utilised or managed during the CCS year. To date, no large-scale study has been conducted on nurses carrying out CCS in order to generalise the findings. Objectives: To establish the perceptions of newly-qualified nurses carrying out CCS in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Method: A quantitative survey design was used to obtain data from a randomly selected sample of the 2012 cohort of nurses carrying out CCS in KwaZulu-Natal. Results: CNPs have a positive attitude toward CCS and perceive themselves as being well prepared for the year of community service in terms of knowledge, skills and ability to administer nursing care. They identified positive benefits of the year of community service. The concerns raised were limited orientation and support; and a few CNPs experienced problems of acceptance by the nurses with whom they work. Conclusion: It is recommended that all health institutions who receive CNPs develop structured orientation and support for these nurses in order to promote their development, thereby enhancing their benefit to the communities they serve.

Health education in schools has been implemented through a diversity of strategies, depending on the concept of health and of health education. Classically, health education has provided mainly factual knowledge about diseases and their prevention, assuming the person as being healthy if the body components are working properly. In contrast to this biomedical (B-M) view of health, the biopsychosocial model (BPS-M) embraces a holistic view of health. This work intends to analyse and compare teachers' conceptions about health and health education from 15 countries. These countries differ in their geographical distribution and their historical, political and socio-cultural development: 3 in North Europe (Finland, Estonia, Hungary), 5 in South Europe (Portugal, France, Italy, Romania, Cyprus), 3 in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia), 2 in Sub-Saharan Africa (Senegal, Burkina Faso), 1 one in the Middle East (Lebanon) and 1 in South America (Brazil). In each country the BIOHEAD-CITIZEN questionnaire (Munoz et al. 2009) was applied to six subsamples: in-service and pre-service teachers of primary and of secondary schools in biology and national language. The overall sample included 6001 respondents. Multivariate analyses were performed. Results showed differences among countries. Tunisian teachers are those closest to the B-M view of health whereas Finish teachers are the most BPS-M. Logistic regressions showed preferential association of classes within groups (countries, religion, teaching groups and levels of education) to either B-M or BPS-M view of health. These results may help explain differences in school health education found among countries and within countries. ; European project FP6 "Biohead-Citizen" CIT2-CT-2004-506015 ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) - CIFPEC - unidade de investigação ...

Shipping list no.: 2000-0138-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Shipping list no.: 2000-0087-P. ; Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. ; Mode of access: Internet.