Suchergebnisse

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the efficiency and effectiveness of Financial Management in West Aceh district autonomy, since the enactment of Law No. 22 of 1999 on District Government, the authority that has been delegated still centralized or decentralized to district or duties except task still central authority such as religion, defense, monetary and other, so that the area formerly had a budget that is a little with decentralization can manage a relatively large budgets, so that the trend of using uncontrolled budget, this causes an increase in some areas her big budgets but not in line with the increase in the welfare of its inhabitants. Therefore this research wants to know whether the West Aceh district budget has been managed efficiently and effectively. This study analyzes the structure of Government Financial relationships and West Aceh regency administration of the revenue expenditure of funds, besides that analyze growth revenue (PAD) and the relationship with public investment sector, PDRB and the cost of tax collection area. The data used are secondary data with time series (time series) in the period Fiscal Year 2003 through 2012 These results indicate that PAD West Aceh district is heavily influenced by public investment sector, PDRB and the cost of tax collection area amounted to 89,7 per cent, this means the ability to multiply the sources of revenue are still up, the future is expected to be held intensification and extension of PAD. The growth of the budget of 2003 was very high from Rp.160.188.855.484,00 in 2012 to Rp 591,654,620,478.09. Budget management efficiency levels ranging from 24.76 percent the lowest and highest at 85.53 local fiscal management means efficiency in the West Aceh district is quite efficient and very efficient, while the level of effectiveness ranged between 96.32 per cent of the lowest up to 117, 78 percent is the highest, the value effectiveness is quite effective and very effective. Keywords: Analysis, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Finance and District Autonomy. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat efisiensi dan efektivitas Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Pada Era Otonomi Daerah, sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 22 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah maka kewenangan yang selama ini masih terpusat atau dekonstrasi dilimpahkan ke daerah atau desentralisasi kecuali tugas-tugas yang masih kewenangan pusat seperti agama, pertahanan, moneter dan lainnya, sehingga daerah yang dahulunya memiliki Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja yang sedikit dengan berlakunya otonomi daerah dapat mengelola APBD yang relatif lebih besar, sehingga kecenderungan penggunaan anggaran tidak terkontrol, ini menyebabkan di beberapa daerah peningkatan APBD nya besar tetapi tidak sejalan dengan peningkatan kesejahteraan penduduknya. Untuk itu penelitian ini ingin mengetahui apakah APBD Kabupaten Aceh Barat telah dikelola secara efesien dan efektif. Penelitian ini menganalisis struktur hubungan Keuangan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Aceh Barat dari sisi penerimaan dana pengeluaran, disamping itu menganalisis pertumbuhan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan keeratan hubungan dengan investasi sector public, upah pungut pajak daerah dan PDRB. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan runtut waktu (time series) dalam kurun waktu Tahun Anggaran 2003 sampai dengan 2012. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa PAD Kabupaten Aceh Barat sangat dipengaruhi oleh invesatsi sector publik, PDRB dan upah pungut pajak sebesar 89,7 persen, ini berarti kemampuan daerah untuk mengali sumber-sumber pendapatan asli daerah sudah agak baik, ke depan diharapkan dapat lebih mengadakan intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi PAD. Pertumbuhan APBD dari tahun 2003 meningkat sangat tinggi dari Rp.160.188.855.484,00 pada tahun 2012 menjadi Rp 591.654.620.478,09. Untuk tingkat efisiensi pengelolaan APBD berkisar antara 24,76 persen terendah dan yang tertinggi sebesar 85,53 ini berarti efisiensi pengelolaan APBD di Kabupaten Aceh Barat tergolong cukup efisien dan sangat efisien, sedangkan tingkat efektivitas berkisar antara 96,32 persen yang terendah sampai dengan 117,78 persen yang tertinggi, nilai efektifitas ini tergolong pada efektif dan sangat efektif. Kata Kunci : Analisis, Efisiensi, Efektivitas, Keuangan Daerah dan Otonomi Daerah.

ABSTRACT: We propose a Competitive Leverage model, and apply it to analyze the impact of tariffs on the attitudes of domestic import-competing firms, especially regarding their disincentives to maintain a Competitive Stance against foreign competitors in the domestic market. We propose that tariffs are a disincentive to the pursuit and maintenance of production efficiency in firms and industries. When countries implement tariff protection for their domestic firms, the most common excuse sounds reasonable, except that it is also economically flawed. While the short-run impacts of such a measure might seem plausible, its long-term effects appear to be less than favorable, and may, in fact, turn out to be damaging to the economy. The paper applies the competitive leverage concept in a unique way to highlight how tariffs distort the output levels of domestic firms, and gives an empirical analysis of the model, using USA data to verify the predictions of the model. Particularly, we develop a Cournot-competition type Competitive Leverage model, and use it to examine the role played by tariffs as a disincentive to a typical firm's pursuit and maintenance of production efficiency. The competitive leverage model is formulated and applied to verify the effects of tariff protection from the typical domestic firm's strategic interaction standpoint. We further apply cross-sectional data to carry out an empirical analysis of the model, to verify how tariffs impact the domestic firm's output and pricing decisions. Our findings would enable us to contribute to the debate about the need to remove protective tariffs, on the grounds that tariffs do not only enable domestic firms to operate inefficiently, but also tends to distort the output and pricing outcomes that would otherwise have been realized in the free market. The results from the study are used to propose some major policy implications of imposing tariff protection, among which are that there is need for implementation of more deliberately sustained Research and development program on the part of domestic firms in the economy, to enable them withstand vigorous competition in a free-trade world. Also, since protective tariffs significantly increase firms' profit rates, which in turn enables them to unduly earn and accumulate economic rents that amount to inefficiencies and distortions in free-market prices and quantities outcomes, governments should always resist any pressures from big businesses to impose protective tariffs against competition from international rivals. Yet a clear public policy implication from this paper is that, at the macro level, as the results suggest that a government policy that aims at protecting domestic firms through imposition of tariffs may have an adverse effect on the firms' competitive stance in the industry, a practical message is for the government to impose only a moderate tariff at the most, if it must, especially as it relates to agricultural products.

Objective: The objective of the article is to identify the reference group of countries with similar Covid strategies and other groups with their performance success, and to construct a composite Covid Mitigation Index for comparative purposes, thus, implying how to redesign the strategic policies. Research Design & Methods: Gaussian Mixture Modelling and Factor Analysis: the main design is quantitative, using Gaussian Mixture Modelling to find the optimal number of country clusters, and Factor Analysis with Principal Axis Factoring (FA-PAF) to build a composite index of governmental policies. Data includes eight mitigation policy variables and three supporting economic policy variables. Data are aggregated to form three periods and the cluster changes are identified by Gaussian Mixture Modelling. Then, the Covid Mitigation Index (CMI) is constructed by FA-PAF to obtain a comparative measure over the periods and the country clusters. The results were obtained by means of R studio and SPSS. Findings: The dynamic clustering leads to a decreasing number of clusters from nine clusters in the first period (January-February 2020), four clusters in the second period (March-April 2020), and two clusters in the third period (May-June 2020). In the first period, China (with CMI=48) took serious actions forming its own cluster, while 11 other countries (with CMI>10), e.g., early affected European countries such as Italy and Spain and large Asian countries such India and Indonesia, took moderate actions. In the second period all cluster averages were greater than China's in the first period, i.e., most world countries were dedicated to fight Covid-19. In Europe, Italy, San Marino and France showed the highest CMI values, similarly to Iraq and Palestine in the Middle East, Peru and Honduras in the Latin America, and China, India and Indonesia in Asia. In the third period, cluster averages showed even tighter policies even though 42 countries had lower CMI values than previously. Implications & Recommendations: The approach provided a big picture for decision makers both in business and in governments. The key idea was to reveal reference groups of countries which help governmental actors to design and adapt their strategies over time by learning by their own experience and the results of the better performing clusters. It was suggested that a multi-criteria approach accounting for individual government's preferences over health and economy is used along with the presented approach. Contribution & Value Added: Clustering with Gaussian Mixture Models and factor analysis based on Principal Axis Factoring for composite-index building were used. The methods are well-established, but they were applied in a novel way dynamically over time and for the composite CMI. CMI was built on two factors which identified the structure of mitigation policies and economic policies. The development of governmental polices over the first cycle of Covid-19 pandemic was described. ; publishedVersion ; Peer reviewed

Muslims in Singapore are minority under the rule of secular state. The main purpose of this study was to explore the. development of Islamic philanthropy in Singapore, especially regarding zakat distribution or other social worships. Further, the paper has analyzed that if Muslim Singaporeans prefer paying zakat independently or through institution and how big is the zakat fund that has been collected and distributed by Singaporean Islamic community to the recipients. This analysis of the study was based on qualitative research with content analysis. Meanwhile, considering that qualitative approach prioritizes interpretation of the data collected, the data presented in this study is the form of justification of opinions or arguments. This research reveals that despite the fact that Singapore is a secular state, government provide facilities for Muslim spending their zakat infaq and sadakah, through government owned institution i.e., Majelis Ugama Isam Singapura (MUIS) as well as private religion association such as Muhammadiyah and Jamiyah. Fundraising means, such as zakat and sadaqah, are performed using online payment methods like PayNow, eNETS online, and AXS. These funds are then allocated for social programs such basic services and supportive programs for the poor and needy, for building masjid (mosque) and madrasah (school), scholarships and funeral budget. ; Los musulmanes en Singapur son minoría bajo el gobierno del estado secular. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue explorar el. desarrollo de la filantropía islámica en Singapur, especialmente en lo que respecta a la distribución del zakat u otros cultos sociales. Además, el documento ha analizado si los musulmanes singapurenses prefieren pagar el zakat de forma independiente oa través de una institución y qué tan grande es el fondo de zakat que ha sido recolectado y distribuido por la comunidad islámica de Singapur a los destinatarios. Este análisis del estudio se basó en una investigación cualitativa con análisis de contenido. Mientras tanto, considerando que el enfoque cualitativo prioriza la interpretación de los datos recolectados, los datos presentados en este estudio son la forma de justificación de opiniones o argumentos. Esta investigación revela que a pesar del hecho de que Singapur es un estado secular, el gobierno proporciona instalaciones para que los musulmanes gasten su zakat infaq y sadakah, a través de una institución de propiedad del gobierno, es decir, Majelis Ugama Isam Singapura (MUIS), así como una asociación religiosa privada como Muhammadiyah y Jamiyah. Los medios de recaudación de fondos, como zakat y sadaqah, se realizan utilizando métodos de pago en línea como PayNow, eNETS en línea y AXS. Estos fondos se asignan luego a programas sociales tales como servicios básicos y programas de apoyo para los pobres y necesitados, para la construcción de masjid (mezquita) y madraza (escuela), becas y presupuesto para funerales.

The Republic of Indonesia is a state based on the rule of law in implementing state administration based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. The administration of government with a democratic system in which the highest sovereignty is in the hands of the people and in its implementation the people elect a leader to run the government. To determine the regional leader / regional head must be carried out through regional head elections. Regional head elections are intended to continue the government which has ended its term of office. Therefore, regional head elections must be held simultaneously throughout the territory of the Republic of Indonesia. The holding of regional head elections is a big job and is the responsibility of all parties, including all citizens of the Republic of Indonesia, so that the implementation of regional head elections runs well. The regional head elections in question have been held and are the result of the hard work of various relevant state institutions that have carried out their duties and responsibilities, in this case the General Election Commission (KPU) which has held regional head elections simultaneously throughout the territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). ). The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia regulates the voting rights of citizens to participate and actively participate in determining regional leaders / regional heads who will lead in their respective territories. Citizens have the right to vote to vote at regional head elections. This is of course an awareness and responsibility as citizens so that regional leaders / regional heads are elected who are able to organize government and create prosperity and justice based on the values contained in the principles of Pancasila. The problem in this research is how a juridical study of the awareness of citizens to use their voting rights in implementing democracy in regional head elections?This research is a normative juridical research with the Library Research research method. The data collection method uses secondary data in the form of primary legal materials and secondary and tertiary legal materials. The population in this study is a random population of residents / community of Pengkol hamlet, Mangunsari village, Gunung pati District, Semarang City. The results of the research show that people in this region as citizens of the Republic of Indonesia have the awareness and responsibility to exercise their voting rights in the implementation of regional head elections, especially the election for Mayor and Deputy Mayor of Semarang on December 9, 2020. Regional head elections in this region have been going well and in a conducive situation even though it was held during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is hoped that the holding of this regional head election will produce regional leaders who have reliable and quality leadership management and are able to bring the community to realize social justice for all Indonesian people.

The existence of public space has become an inseparable part in the development of city residents. Humans as social creatures need a place where they can gather and interact with each other. Especially in big cities, such as Jakarta, the density that occurs makes the lack of land that can be used as public space. This certainly creates difficulties for the community to find qualified social institutions to meet their needs. It is the Child Friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA), an alternative run by the government to get around the function of parks and abandoned areas in Jakarta. The revival of public spaces in the midst of the community is expected to be able to accommodate the needs of citizens while at the same time strengthening community relations between city residents. The thesis used as a reference for evaluation took two locations, namely the Alfa Dahlia RPTRA located in the Tegal Alur area, West Jakarta and the RPTRA Kelapa Nias III in the Kelapa Gading area, North Jakarta. Armed with the basis of this thesis research, it will be understood further how social institutions take part in the success of the RPTRA, as well as exploring the depth of the process of institutionalizing the relationship between each supporting community and the RPTRA. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach. Data is collected and reviewed through field observations, interviews, and documentation. The findings of the study explain that the institutional process plays an important role in the sustainability of the RPTRA in the future. AbstrakKeberadaan ruang publik telah menjadi bagian yang tak terpisahkan dalam perkembangan warga kota. Manusia sebagai makhluk sosial memerlukan tempat dimana mereka dapat berkumpul dan berinteraksi satu sama lain. Khususnya di kota besar, seperti Jakarta, kepadatan yang terjadi membuat kurangnya lahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai ruang publik. Hal ini tentu menimbulkan kesulitan tersendiri bagi masyarakat untuk menemukan wadah sosial yang mumpuni untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Ialah Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA), sebuah alternatif yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah utk menyiasati fungsi taman maupun area yang terbengkalai di Jakarta. Dihidupkannya kembali ruang-ruang publik di tengah masyarakat diharapkan dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan warga sekaligus menguatkan hubungan kemasyarakatan antar warga kota. Tesis yang digunakan sebagai acuan evaluasi mengambil dua lokasi, yaitu RPTRA Alur Dahlia yang berada di area Tegal Alur, Jakarta Barat dan RPTRA Kelapa Nias III yang berada di area Kelapa Gading, Jakarta Utara. Berbekal dasar penelitian tesis ini, akan dipahami lebih lanjut bagaimana institusi sosial mengambil peranan dalam keberhasilan RPTRA, serta mengekplorasi kedalaman proses pelembagaan hubungan antara masing-masing komunitas pendukung dan RPTRA. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dan dikaji melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, serta dokumentasi. Hasil temuan penelitian menjelaskan bahwa proses institusional memegang peranan penting dalam keberlangsungan RPTRA di masa depan.

Despite the growing human rights and privacy concerns, liquid surveillance machine is now capable of moving with lightning speed in all areas of our lives. Governments and huge transnational companies exploit the data that are gathered from our physical and digital activities with highly questionable methods and purposes. While governments legitimize their efforts by relying on national security discourse and companies on so-called customer satisfaction, now we face an unprecedented privacy crisis which also generates ethical and ontological concerns about human dignity. However, ordinary people who voluntarily participate in liquid surveillance machine, especially within the consumer realm, are as responsible as afore-mentioned actors since they provide the required data and make that machine work and expand. That's why it is meaningless to attribute all the responsibility to the Big Brother who sees everything. Hence, the thesis argues that liquid surveillance is a dispositif of the societies of control and the subject that is the product of the relationship between that dispositif and living beings is the nihilistic last man. The study tries to explore lines of flight from the societies of control within the context of liquid surveillance. In the light of that theoretical framework, the thesis analyzes activities of the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) which is a non-profit, anti-surveillance organization that promotes digital privacy, free speech at digital platforms and innovation. The study builds a theoretical methodology that enables a comprehensive analysis of the EFF's activities within the contexts of liquid surveillance as the dispositif, nihilistic last man as the subject and counter-information as incarnation of lines of flight. ; Büyüyen insan hakları ve mahremiyet endişelerine rağmen, akışkan gözetim makinesi artık hayatımızın her alanında ışık hızı ile hareket etme kabiliyetine sahip. Hükümetler ve devasa ulus-aşırı şirketler, fiziksel ve dijital aktivitelerimizden topladıkları verileri son derece şüpheli yöntemler ve amaçlar ile istismar etmekteler. Devletler bu girişimlerini ulusal güvenlik, şirketler ise sözde müşteri memnuniyeti söylemine dayandırırken, insanlık onuru hakkında etik ve varoluşsal endişeler üreten eşi benzeri görülmemiş bir mahremiyet krizi ile karşı karşıyayız. Ancak, bu makinenin çalışması için gerekli verileri sağladıkları düşünüldüğünde, akışkan gözetime, özellikle tüketim alanında, gönüllü olarak katılan sıradan insanlar da önceki aktörler kadar sorumludur. Bu sebeple, tüm sorumluluğu her şeyi gören bir Büyük Birader'e atfetmek anlamsızdır. Bu yüzden tez, akışkan gözetimin denetim toplumlarının bir dispozitifi, bu dispozitif ve canlı varlıklar arasındaki ilişkinin ürünü olan öznenin ise nihilist son insan olduğunu iddia ediyor. Çalışma, akışkan gözetim bağlamında denetim toplumlarından kaçış çizgileri keşfetmeyi amaçlıyor. Bu teorik çerçevenin ışığında tez; dijital mahremiyet, dijital platformlarda ifade özgürlüğü ve inovasyon savunucusu, kar amacı gütmeyen bir gözetim karşıtı kuruluş olan Elektronik Sınır Vakfı'nın (ESV) çalışmalarını analiz ediyor. Çalışma, inşa ettiği teorik metodoloji ile ESV'nin çalışmalarını bir dispozitif olarak akışkan gözetim, özne olarak nihilist son insan ve kaçış çizgilerinin tecessüdü olarak karşı-enformasyon bağlamlarında inceliyor.

The purpose of this study is to develop policy recommendations for indebted developing countries which have big balance of payment deficits due to high energy costs. For this reasons, the study initialy explores developed countries' nuclear energy policies and hence, to guide developing countries (especially for Turkey and similar countries) who can adopt alternative energy resources to reach a sustainable and higher GDP per capita and to protect themselves against energy price volatilities. Therefore, in available theoretical studies, developing countries, also named as middle income countires whose GDP per capita is lower than developed countries, have been searching for different strategies to catch up the wealth level of developed countires from the aspect of catch-up effect in the Growth Theory. In the context of cross sectional and time series data, the paper anlaysis all available retroperspective panel data method which uses time interval between 1977-2014 for 14 developed and developing countires. The study employs Panel ARDL approach to serve the aim of the study. According to the emprical results, as expected, vector error correction coefficient was founded negaitvely and accepted numerical interval. Therefore, test results indicate that there has been significant and positive relationship between the increment of nuclear share in electricity production and GDP per capita. Countries, especially dependent on raw materials, can reduce reliance on energy import with nuclear energy sources, then they will have a stabilizer for a reasonable level of current deficits which may be necessary for economic growth. In conclusion, the results also indicates that nucluear energy production in developing countries can stimulate economic growth by lowering energy import related production costs in favor of country-wide producers. ; Bu çalışmanın amacı yüksek enerji maliyetleri nedeniyle ödemeler dengesi bilançosu büyük açık veren gelişmekte olan ülkeler için politika önerilerinde bulunmaktır. Bu nedenle, çalışmanın ilk hedefi gelişmiş ülkelerin nükleer enerji politikalarının ortaya konulması, böylece sürdürülebilir ve daha yüksek kişi başı gelir ve enerji fiyatlarındaki oynaklıklara karşı kendilerini koruma altına alabilmeleri için (özellikle Türkiye ve benzeri ülkeler) gelişmekte olan ülkelerin alternatif enerji politikalarını adapte etmelerine sevk etmektir. Bu hedefler, gelişmiş ülkelerden daha düşük kişi başına sahip gelişmekte olan ülkeler veya bir diğer adıyla orta gelirli ülkelerin, Büyüme Teorisi'nde yakalama etkisi olarak bilinen gelişmiş ülkelerin refah seviyelerini ulaşmalarına ve bu anlamda aradıkları alternatif stratejilerinin tespitine yardımcı olacaktır. Bu sebeple, kısıtlı yatay kesit ve zaman serileri üzerinden, 14 gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülke ve 1977- 2014 dönemlerine panel veriler kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacına hizmet etmesi adına Panel ARDL yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, beklendiği gibi, hata düzeltme katsayısı negatif ve istenen aralıkta tespit edilmiştir. Bulgular elektrik üretiminde nükleer üretimin artması ile kişi başına düşen GSYİH arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişkiyi gösterirken, bu tür enerji üretim fikrine karşı kişilerin gelişmekte olan ülkelerde nükleer tipi enerji üretiminin alternatif olarak tavsiye edilmesini mümkün kılabilecektir.

Although small spacecraft are small in size and light in weight compared to the conventional satellites, they can offer lots of possibilities for space exploration, scientific observation, data collection and telecommunication. Also, they cost a lot less money than the conventional satellites, and the scientific missions can be planned in a relatively short period of time by using the COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) materials. However, there is a big challenge for the small spacecraft that is the limited surface area of the small spacecraft and the outnumbered components to be mounted on the surface of the small spacecraft. The most obvious one is that the competition for the limited real estate between the antenna and solar cells. UAVs, also known as drones, have become so popular that it is not only used for military and scientific applications, but also they are available for recreational use for ordinary people. Although they are getting smaller in size so that one can put them in his pocket or on his palm, they are becoming multifunctional, which requires more sensors to be mounted on the surface of the drone to achieve its multifunctionality. For example, a recreational drone can not only take pictures and videos, but also it can transmit the picture or video in real time to the operator, which needs a camera to take the picture or videos and needs an antenna to transmit the recorded data to the operator. This requires that the limited surface area needs to be efficiently used in order to accommodate the multiple needed components. This thesis presented a faster, better and cheaper way of inkjet printing conformal antennas on the cover glass of the solar cells of the small spacecraft or on the wing or other parts of the UAV body to integrate the antenna with the solar panels of the CubeSats or with or directly printing the antenna on the UAV body to efficiently use the limited real estate. Several meshed and solid patch antennas printed on a space certified AF32 glass substrate using the printing procedure outlined in this thesis and measured to verify the effectiveness of the inkjet printing procedures. A high gain reflectarray with optical transparency of 95% was inkjet printed on space certified AF32 glass and BOROFLOAT glass and measured to verify the antenna performance and solar panel efficiency. Measurement results showed that the inkjet printed reflectarray integrated on top of the solar panel has a gain of 21.5 dB. The solar panel efficiency was dropped by around 6% due to the inkjet printed reflectarray on glass. A simple conformal dual-band antenna for UAV application was designed with ANSYS HFSS and fabricated in the lab using a foam substrate. The measured antenna performances agreed well with the simulation results. This dual-band antenna also can be inkjet printed directly on the wing or other parts of the UAVs using the printing techniques discussed in this thesis.

Abstrak Pendidikan nasional berfungsi mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa, bertujuan untuk berkembangnya potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Ball handling adalah teknik yang harus dipelajari sebelum mempelajari teknik bermain dribbling, passing dan shooting agar pemain mempunyai kemampuan untuk mengenali, menguasai dan memainkan bola. Jika selama pertandingan banyak kesalahan dalam ball handling maka suatu tim akan mudah kehilangan bola sehingga mempengaruhi teknik yang lain. Untuk membantu menumbuhkan semangat dalam berlatih ball handling sehingga memberikan hasil yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh musik terhadap ball handling bola basket dan seberapa besar pengaruhnya. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian eksperimen pretest dan posttest. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adala pretest dan posttest, dan juga digunakan untuk mengukur hasil ball handling bola basket. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 15 siswa dari kelas X dan XI SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Gresik. Berdasarkan hasil dari perhitungan uji T dengan musik rock, thitung > ttabel (8.100>2.365), sedangkan perhitungan uji T dengan musik elektronic, thitung > ttabel (5.922>2.447) dengan demikian sesuai dengan ketentuan jika thitung > ttabel dengan taraf signifikan 5% maka Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis dari penelitian berbunyi "ada pengaruh musik terhadap ball handling bola basket pada peserta ekstrakurikuler di SMA Muhammadiyah 1 Gresik" dapat diterima. Kata Kunci : Musik, Ball Handling Bola Basket Abstract National education serves to develop people characters and skills in order to educate nation life. And to develop students to be a religious student and obey to God. Ball handling is must mastered technique before learning another technique, such as dribble, pass, and shoot in order to have a good basketball skills. If a team makes many errors of ball handling it will effect another technique for the whole team. To increase training passion on ball handling we add some music on it. The research purposes are to know the influence of music to baketball handling and how big it is. This research using quantitative research with experiment model. Collecting data are using pretest and postest of ball handling. Research sample are 15 students of tenth grade and eleventh grade of the first muhammadiyah senior high school of Gresik. Based on t tes result found that rock music has tcount > ttable (8.100>2.365) and electronic music with tcount > ttable (5.922>2.447). So it means Ha accepted and Ho rejected. It is concluded that research hypothesis said there is an influence of music to basketball handling on extracullicular students of the first muhammadiyah senior high school of Gresik accepted. Keyword(s) : Music, Ball Handling, Basket Ball

Research has shown that people who participate in regular physical activity (PA) can experience improved wellbeing and quality of life, including better physical health, cognitive function, positive affect, and self-esteem (Fox, 1999). Such benefits support the application of PA as a strategy to improve the general population's mental health and those recovering from mental illness. However, the contemporary understanding of PA and the recovery from mental illness is almost exclusively underpinned by the principles of clinical recovery (e.g. symptom remission), which can overlook the patient's values. Conversely, personal recovery may reconnect people with their inner resources, personal strengths, and offer opportunities for people to reconstruct hope, meaning, responsibility and a positive identity as part of recovery (Slade, 2009). These values also mark a shift in the UK Government's (2011a) mental health strategy, toward integrating personal recovery as part of people's mental health care. Yet, few studies have examined the role of PA within the context of personal recovery, including the impact of PA on the wider elements of personal recovery. Accordingly, this thesis sets out to examine the role of PA during the personal recovery from mental illness, as a case study at a voluntary sector mental health organisation. The research methodology was guided by social constructivism, and data was collected between October 2010 and June 2014 using participant-observations, semi-structured interviews, focus groups and photo elicitation methods. Seven members of staff and twenty-two attendee's volunteered to participate in the research study, and their accounts were analysed thematically (Braun & Clarke, 2006) using NVivo to manage and aid the data analysis. Additionally, effort was made to satisfy the authenticity criteria throughout the research to maintain constructivist rigour (Lincoln & Guba, 2013). The research findings identified six high-ordered themes that indicate a process of personal recovery through PA. These were (a) "Battles against the mind", (b) 'the centre as a place of refuge and support', (c) "exercise is one part of the whole package", (d) "the connection between body and mind", (e) "my gateway onto other things", and (f) "from small acorns to big oak trees". These findings were congruent with the existing literature, and added that PA participation can support people's meaningful engagement in their personal medicines and other life events (e.g. employment, being with family, and relationship with pets). The findings are discussed in relation to the delivery of PA in mental health services, the relationship of PA with meaningful activities during recovery, and the impact of PA on elements of hope, meaning, positive identity, and personal responsibility. The thesis concludes with a guiding standpoint on the application of PA for personal recovery as a personal medicine or as an adjunct activity. This standpoint can be used to inform the general population, mental health and exercise professionals, multiagency mental health service staff and attendees, commissioning bodies and policymakers.

China's economic reform has not only led to the rapid growth of cities, but also to the dramatic transformation of villages. To fulfill the demand for land and other resources, the state expropriates rural land and the villagers attached to the land are turned into urban residents. Villagers' committees, the governing body of the village, are also restructured in response to urbanization. For a long period of time, villagers and villagers' committees have been deemed to be in a weaker position, suffering from the exploitation by the state and a lack of sufficient social welfare. The literature has suggested that the development of modern cities will result in the demise of peasantry and rural collectives. Is this true in Southern China? As a set of new institutional arrangements, the rural shareholding cooperative (RSC) was created in the 1980s that appeared to have reassembled the power and interests of individual farmers and restored the importance of collective actions in the countryside. Using Guangzhou as a case study, this research attempts to find out what role the RSC plays in China's urbanization. To achieve this goal, quantitative data were collected from national and local governmental departments to illustrate the "big picture" of rural development and shareholding reform in Guangzhou. Qualitative data were obtained from interviews with government officials, rural cadres and villagers, and from fieldwork conducted in representative towns and villages. This study also examines the roles of RSC in three aspects: rural governance, land development and welfare provision. Rural governance mainly refers to the impacts of administrative restructuring, village election and kinship. Land development focuses on the retained land policy, rural land use planning and "Three Oldies (old city, old factory and old village)" redevelopment. In terms of welfare provision, rentier issues, conflicts on shareholdership and rural taxation have also been investigated. The results of spatial analyses and quantitative analyses show that shareholding reform normally took place in economically developed villages situated in locations that were close to the city center. Analyses on rural governance show that RSC has remodeled the interactions of state, cadres and villagers. The powers of these parties have become more balanced now. RSC can also promote physical urbanization in the countryside via profitable development projects and new arrangements on rural planning and land property rights. Moreover, the RSC can facilitate villagers to acquire labor skills, a sense of social equity and awareness as taxpayers. This study has updated the empirical works on institutional change in rural southern China. More importantly, it has examined the new roles of rural collective organizations and contributed to the theories on collectivization in the post-reform era, which have been largely ignored by previous research. Findings of this study imply that the RSC is playing a critical part in China's urbanization process. As an emerging form of rural collective, it can facilitate rural-urban transformation or even achieve unprecedented integration of Chinese villages and cities. ; published_or_final_version ; Urban Planning and Design ; Doctoral ; Doctor of Philosophy

International audience ; Since 1996, French urban and social policies have focused on areas with enduring economic problems. Neighbourhood statistics allows to map the "areas of deprivation", as defined by public policies as ZUS (Zones urbaines sensibles) They have been initially characterized by high rates of social housing, districts of degraded housing environment and a big mismatch between housing and employment. ZUS are mostly located in the suburbs of larger cities, and in spite of urban regeneration policies, the reputation of such places did not improve over time, and yields negative externalities on residential household choices. In order to get a better understanding upon housing markets, this paper aims to evaluate relations between prices of real estate and distance from a ZUS. To what extent property prices increase when located out the ZUS? To this end, we use the BIEN database (base d'informations économiques notariales) bought from the Parisian notary public board. This allows us to analyse dynamics of the residential housing market by the means of hedonic price indices in ZUS areas. Real estate data not only provides the characteristics of housing but also their location, in or out the ZUS. As a general trend, data show that house prices are negatively influenced by proximity of a ZUS, in part depending on their locations. Among the findings, the close neighbor of a ZUS generates a negative financial externality. The ambitious program of urban renewal implemented after 2004 will certainly modify this trend but we were not able to measure it within the scope of this study. ; Afin de répondre aux problèmes des populations les plus défavorisées, la Politique de la ville a opté pour une approche territorialisée. Les zones urbaines sensibles (ZUS) créées en 1996 furent initialement définies par la présence de grands ensembles ou de quartiers d'habitat dégradé et par un déséquilibre accentué entre l'habitat et l'emploi. Elles sont le plus souvent localisées en périphérie des grandes agglomérations. Les actions volontaristes de rénovation urbaine engagées ne suffisent pas à améliorer leur image qui reste associée aux difficultés sociales. Ceci incite les ménages qui en ont le choix à éviter de résider dans des ZUS. Afin de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement des marchés immobiliers, cet article se propose d'évaluer l'effet-distance potentiellement généré par les ZUS sur les prix des transactions immobilières. Les données mobilisées proviennent de la base BIEN (base d'informations économiques notariales) et couvrent la période 1996-2005. L'application d'un modèle hédonique permet de mesurer toutes choses égales par ailleurs l'influence exercée par la proximité des ZUS, parmi d'autres critères. L'étude portera sur trois départements franciliens et en particulier sur six intercommunalités regroupant des taux variés de populations résidant en ZUS. Cet article nuancera l'effet exercé par les ZUS sur leurs voisinages. Compte tenu de la période étudiée, il ne sera pas possible de conclure sur les transformations induites par le programme de rénovation urbaine lancé par l'ANRU depuis 2004.

На основе обработки сведений, хранящихся в базах данных лиц, репрессированных по политическим мотивам в субъектах региона в рамках современного административно-территориального деления, рассмотрен вопрос наличия «национального фактора» при организации и проведении массовых репрессий в Западной Сибири в 1920-1941 гг. Показаны нарушения прав советских граждан в процессе их необоснованных арестов, надуманность предъявляемых обвинений в принадлежности к «контрреволюционным» организациям с учётом их национальной принадлежности. ; By the orders NKVD solved many artificial large-scaled counter-revolutionary plots, which were organized mainly by representatives of the so-called specific nationalities (considered to be the enemies of the Soviet state). They included people who were suspected in espionage subversive activity arrangements on the USSR territory, organization of the armed revolts with the aim to destabilize the Soviet government. Special NKVD units were instructed to reveal the counter-revolutionary organizations branches in different regions of the Soviet state. Execution of NKVD orders meant an active search for the specific nationality representatives and proof of their hostile activities against the USSR. In this case NKVD agents used operative registration files for some groups of people by gathering personal information from passport and registry offices, enterprises, etc. It was against the Soviet law and abused human rights. Moreover, national identity was usually defined on the base of secondary characteristics, such as the spelling of the last name, which by no means could help identify the person's nationality. Such a method of enemy finding demonstrates the absence of information about the subversive activities in the country regions. But this circumstance was not taken into consideration; and the orders provided strict accounting for. Moreover, directed orders did not require any live data to prove the facts of hostilities against the USSR. The Federal Security Service (FSB) Department has archive materials that made it possible to bring out quite a large number of criminal cases with scores and hundreds of people involved. There were just a few pure counter-revolutionary organizations, more often they consisted of members of several nationalities, sometimes they were multiethnic. So, one of the organizations in the Altai region detected by NKVD agents included 26 spies and saboteurs representing 8 nationalities. Similar organizations were found in all the regions of the country. In Western Siberia over 50 nations and nationalities suffered at the time of the Big Terror. In the period of 1931-1941 the main part of the nations that suffered (from Tomsk, Kemerovo and Altai regions, Altai Republic) were Russians 61 386 people (68.2% of the total amount of repression victims), Ukrainians 6845 (7.06%), Germans 5115 (5.27%), Poles 4374 (4.5%), Byelorussians 2462 (2.54%), Balts 2985 (3.08%), etc. The presented data provide a conclusion that the majority of the victims of repressions is Russians and representatives of nationalities quite spread in the regions. The obtained results confirm the conclusions made by some foreign researches that the program of mass repressions of non-Russian nationality people was implemented in the USSR.

Die Auseinandersetzung mit der Lebensphase Alter ist eine höchst aktuelle, da aufgrund der demographischen Entwicklung in Europa mit einem raschen Anstieg der alternden Bevölkerung zu rechnen ist.Ziel dieser Forschungsarbeit ist es, unterschiedliche Dimensionen der Alterungsprozesse und theoretische Konstruktionen der Lebensphase Alter mit den Determinanten Umgang mit dem Verlust der Lebenspartnerin/des Lebenspartners und informellen Lernprozessen in Verbindung zu bringen.Die Datenerhebung wurde mittels der Methode des theoretical sampling generiert. Die Größe der Stichprobe stellt eine Repräsentativität mittlerer Reichweite dar.Zur Datenerhebung wurden Interviews mit vier Frauen und einem Mann zwischen 70ig und 80ig Jahren geführt.Als Forschungsdesign wurde das narrative Interview gewählt, da sich mit dieser qualitativen Methode die biographischen Dimensionen dieser Lebensphase auf eine nachhaltige Weise darstellen lassen.Die Textpassagen wurden gemeinsam mit einer Forschungsgruppe nach den kognitiven Figuren von Fritz Schütze analysiert.Die Forschungsergebnisse der individuellen Biographien wurden in Form von Kerndimensionen dargestellt bzw. als Sinnkonstruktionen zusammengefasst.Die Aussage Maders (1995), immer mehr Menschen werden gebildet, wohlhabend, hedonistisch, ungebunden und weiblich alt? kann auf Grundlage dieser Forschungsergebnisse folgendermaßen adaptiert werden: ?Immer mehr Menschen werden gebildet, wohlhabend, hedonistisch, ungebunden, weiblich, gesundheitsbewusst, körperlich fit, leistungsfähig, mobil, unternehmungslustig, lebenslang lernend, ihre Hobbys auslebend, konsumierend, an ihrem sozialen Umfeld interessiert, sozial eingebettet und gesellschaftlich akzeptiert, alt.Diese Dimensionen weisen auf ein hoffnungsvolles Altern heutiger und künftiger Generationen hin und es ist eine große gesellschaftspolitische Herausforderung, den wandelnden Bedürfnissen und Anforderungen der jeweils alternden Generation gerecht zu werden. ; Due to the expected fast demographic ageing in Europe it is a contemporary issue todiscuss problems related to the latest stage of people?s lives.It is the aim of the present study to correlate different dimensions of people?s ageingprocesses and its theoretical framework on the one hand with the two parameters?Overcoming the loss of the life partner? and ?Informal learning processes? on theother hand.The study is based on the ,theoretical sampling? approach on a ,middle range theory?level. Data were collected by conducting interviews with four women and one managed between 70 and 80 years. The narrative interview design was chosen, becauseas a qualitative analysis method it allows to show the biographic dimensions of thislife stage in a necessary thorough and detailed way. In cooperation with a researchteam the text passages of the interviews were analysed according to Fritz Schuetze?sconcept of cognitive figures. The results of the individual biographic data analyseswere focused in core dimensional parameters and summarized in differentconstructions of meaning.?More and more people, who grow old, are well educated, wealthy, hedonistic,partnerless and female?. This is a statement of Mader (1995), which as aconsequence of the present study has to be adjusted and extended as follows: ?Moreand more people, who grow old, are well educated, wealthy, hedonistic, partnerlessand female. And they are health-conscious, physically fit, capable, mobile,enterprising, ready for lifelong learning, they engage in their hobbies, have spendingcapacities, they are interested in their social environment, socially integrated andaccepted?.This result gives reason to hope for a worthy growing old of the people of today?s andfuture generations. However, it will be a big socio-political challenge to meet all thechanging requirements and needs of these generations in their last life stage. ; eingereicht von Karin Pesl-Ulm ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers ; Zsfassung in dt. und engl. ; Graz, Univ., Diss., 2011 ; OeBB ; (VLID)215448