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Object research: Fitness market trends. Problem of research: How the fitness market trends in the European Union? Aim of research - assess the health trends aspects. Goals: 1. Overview the problems;of the health sector in the EU 2. Provide practical direction for the development of health promotion in the EU market 3. To examine the various EU countries, fitness club memberships, indicators; 4. The assessment of the promotion of a healthier way of life IT measures efficiency. The development of health sector in the European Union last year, is one of the priority tasks of the Member States. An ageing Europe, increasing the number of people age steadily increasing mortality from chronic non-infectious diseases, obesity, this is a major challenge for the EU today. Addressing the obesity problem in the physical passivity and practical directions for the development of health promotion in the EU market is basically focused on three areas: sports and fitness clubs memberships increases, community sports and the development of a healthier work environment. The members of the European Union, the fitness club memberships, a proportion of the general population on an average of one-tenth of the total population. EU leaders by the number of fitness memberships are Sweden and Denmark. Worst resuslts is in Lithuanian and Bulgaria these countries have at least people visiting fitness clubs. Portable technologies are growing in popularity and there are mentions as next top thing. Portable technology in the European Union market growth research shows that one in five person planning to buy these technologies and is very interested in them.

Object research: Fitness market trends. Problem of research: How the fitness market trends in the European Union? Aim of research - assess the health trends aspects. Goals: 1. Overview the problems;of the health sector in the EU 2. Provide practical direction for the development of health promotion in the EU market 3. To examine the various EU countries, fitness club memberships, indicators; 4. The assessment of the promotion of a healthier way of life IT measures efficiency. The development of health sector in the European Union last year, is one of the priority tasks of the Member States. An ageing Europe, increasing the number of people age steadily increasing mortality from chronic non-infectious diseases, obesity, this is a major challenge for the EU today. Addressing the obesity problem in the physical passivity and practical directions for the development of health promotion in the EU market is basically focused on three areas: sports and fitness clubs memberships increases, community sports and the development of a healthier work environment. The members of the European Union, the fitness club memberships, a proportion of the general population on an average of one-tenth of the total population. EU leaders by the number of fitness memberships are Sweden and Denmark. Worst resuslts is in Lithuanian and Bulgaria these countries have at least people visiting fitness clubs. Portable technologies are growing in popularity and there are mentions as next top thing. Portable technology in the European Union market growth research shows that one in five person planning to buy these technologies and is very interested in them.

Object research: Fitness market trends. Problem of research: How the fitness market trends in the European Union? Aim of research - assess the health trends aspects. Goals: 1. Overview the problems;of the health sector in the EU 2. Provide practical direction for the development of health promotion in the EU market 3. To examine the various EU countries, fitness club memberships, indicators; 4. The assessment of the promotion of a healthier way of life IT measures efficiency. The development of health sector in the European Union last year, is one of the priority tasks of the Member States. An ageing Europe, increasing the number of people age steadily increasing mortality from chronic non-infectious diseases, obesity, this is a major challenge for the EU today. Addressing the obesity problem in the physical passivity and practical directions for the development of health promotion in the EU market is basically focused on three areas: sports and fitness clubs memberships increases, community sports and the development of a healthier work environment. The members of the European Union, the fitness club memberships, a proportion of the general population on an average of one-tenth of the total population. EU leaders by the number of fitness memberships are Sweden and Denmark. Worst resuslts is in Lithuanian and Bulgaria these countries have at least people visiting fitness clubs. Portable technologies are growing in popularity and there are mentions as next top thing. Portable technology in the European Union market growth research shows that one in five person planning to buy these technologies and is very interested in them.

The article challenges the hypothesis that there is cohabitation of civic engagement and democratic institutions and practices. While valid at a general level, the relationship is not confirmed once it is scrutinized thoroughly and heterogeneous categories are disaggregated. For the European post-Communist cases, the pattern of the relationship between the regime type and the propensity to associate closely resembles the one in Latin mature democracies and non-authoritarian countries, provided that voluntary associations are chosen as measurements of vitality of social capital and robustness of civil society. A possible consequence of this provocative finding would be re-evaluating the well-established concepts in social sciences.

En este trabajo se mide la contribución de los flujos laborales entre el empleo, el desempleo y la inactividad a la variación de la tasa de desempleo registrada en once países de la UE durante el período 2006-2012, prestando especial atención a la composición de dichos flujos por grupos sociodemográficos en cada uno de los países y señalando cuáles fueron afectados en mayor medida por la creación de empleo y la destrucción de empleo durante la crisis. Un resultado destacado de este trabajo es que la edad, en mayor medida que el nivel educativo, es el principal determinante de los flujos desde el empleo hacia el desempleo, sobre todo en aquellos países donde el desempleo aumentó más. En segundo lugar, se destacan algunas de las características institucionales del mercado de trabajo (legislación sobre protección del empleo, el seguro de desempleo y la incidencia de las políticas activas del mercado de trabajo) que ayudan a explicar las diferencias internacionales en la magnitud de los flujos entre el empleo y el desempleo y en su composición sociodemográfica. Por último, se analiza si la crisis ha provocado una mayor reasignación sectorial del empleo, encontrando que, hasta ahora, no hay evidencia clara a favor de que la recesión haya mejorado dicha asignación ; We firstly measure the contribution of worker flows across employment, unemployment, and non-participation to the change in unemployment in eleven EU countries during the period 2006-2012, paying special attention to which socio-demographic groups in each of the countries were most affected by job creation and job destruction during the crisis. We find that age, to a greater extent than educational attainment, is the main determinant of flows from employment into unemployment, particularly in those countries where unemployment increased most. Secondly, we highlight some institutional features of the labour market (employment protection legislation, unemployment insurance and the incidence of active labour market policies) that help explain the cross-country differences in flows between employment and unemployment and in their socio-demographic composition. Finally, we examine whether the crisis has led to some employment reallocation across sectors, finding that, so far, there is no clear evidence in favour of cleansing effects

This report examines the implications and challenges of the forthcoming enlargement of the European Union (EU). In the first place, it tries to give answers to the main questions which are posed by citizens during the process of ratification for ten new members to join on 1 May 2004. Why is the EU extending from 15 to 25 (and later more) members? What will be the effects of enlargement on the daily lives of citizens? Are the hopes and doubts, expressed in present and future member countries, well founded? These questions of citizens deserve serious answers. My aim is to set out in a balanced way not only the benefits and opportunities of bringing new members into the EU, but also the potential obstacles, costs and risks. In the second place, it addresses the main challenges which enlargement poses. The accession of 10 countries in 2004 is only a stage in a process that began more than a decade ago, and will continue for many years. Much has been achieved on the way, by both old and new members, but more remains to be done. How to make a success of enlargement? What needs to be done to obtain its full benefit, rather than a partial success, or even a failure? My aim is to set out the main areas in which the EU needs to develop a strategy for successful enlargement.

EUROPEAN STUDIES: An Interdisciplinary Series in European Culture, History and Politics -- Contents -- Authors in this Volume -- Introduction -- THE CONTEXT OF EU-CHINA RELATIONS AND THE HUMAN RIGHTS DILEMMA -- Eu-China Relations: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives -- The Development of Eu-China Relations -- The Eu and China in the Context of Inter-regionalism -- Duality - Dialogue - Discourse: Some Perspectives on Human Rights in Eu-China Relations -- Sport and Politics: The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games -- ASPECTS OF THE GEO-POLITICAL SETTING OF EU-CHINA INTERACTION -- China Views Europe: A Multi-polar Perspective -- The European Union and China: Indian Perceptions and Perspectives -- Russia's Closer Ties with China: The Geo-politics of Energy and the Implications for the European Union -- The European Union, China and the United States: Complex Interdependence and Bi-multilateralism in Commercial Relations -- The European Union's Economic Ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan) -- ISSUES - POLICIES - PERCEPTIONS -- China, News Media Freedom and the West: Present and Future Perspectives -- Trade and Investment in the Relations Between the European Union and the People's Republic of China -- Eu-china Foreign Direct Investment: A Double-sided Perspective -- China's Search for Energy Security and Eu-China Relations -- Recent Chinese Practice In the Maintenance of Maritime Security and the European Experience -- Conclusions: Towards an Eu-China Research-Agenda 2010

SummaryIn 1984 and 1985, a survey was conducted of 7696 women aged 15–44 living in Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim of the study was to examine the use of contraceptive methods, the differences in contraceptive use, knowledge of fertility, communication about contraception, motives for choice and the perceptions held by women regarding contraceptive methods, particularly oral contraception. The results show important differences between the countries studied.

This presentation was presented for post-graduate students and members of staff of the School of Social Sciences at at the Ateneo de Manila, Philippines. ; The Stability and Growth Pact is a political agreement reached at the European Council in December 1996, aimed at imposing discipline in the government finances of member states. It built on the Maastricht criteria and binds all euro area members to implement the so-called excessive deficit procedure if they do not meet the provisions of the pact, particularly that the budget deficit should be below 3% of GDP and government debt should be below 60% of GDP. ; N/A

Digital competitiveness is gaining more and more attention as a source of competitive advantage at the business and national economies levels. Digital economy performance is a matter of national strategies for achieving economic growth and socioeconomic development. Widely accepted instruments for reporting progress in these areas have been recently developed, including the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI index). The current study aims to use the DESI index and its five dimensions (namely Connectivity, Human Capital, Use of Internet Services, Integration of Digital Technology and Digital Public Services) not only as a tool for recognizing the current state, but also to forecast progress under the Greek economic environment. The Gompertz model was used as a methodological tool and it is valuable that a diffusion model has been implemented on a composite index related to countries' digital competitiveness. Moreover, the results reveal the areas where convergencies and divergencies exist between Greece and the rest of the EU-28 member states, while forecast permits one to evaluate how current policies have a significant impact on digital competitiveness. Results indicate that Greece is facing significant challenges as a result of the low state of digitization, coming from both the demand side (businesses that consume internet services) and the offer side (institutional and governmental constraints). The proposed results could be used in order to readjust existing policies and to spot aspects where further improvement is needed to achieve high standards of digital competitiveness.