Suchergebnisse

Deleuze's legacy in the social sciences in general and in international studies in particular has been predominantly shaped by postmodernist and poststructuralist readings derived largely from American literary criticism. This has led to the proliferation of various Deleuzo-Guattarian terms such as rhizome and war machine, as well as an ill-defined 'Deleuzian approach'. Although productive in their own way, such readings of Deleuze's philosophy obscure a profound and elegant theory (or super-theory) of the world that offers considerable innovations in efforts to explain and understand the complex and integrated world we live in. The article argues for a reading of Deleuze's work committed to his univocal ontology and his metaphysical system of the virtual and the actual. It is argued that this approach addresses some of the most vexing questions of international studies and suggests methodologically sound avenues of further study.

As British Prime Minister Gordon Brown notes in this section, we are witnessing the birth pangs of a new global order in this deepest financial and economic crash since the Great Depression. There will be plenty of pain all around for a while. And when the quarter‐century leveraged‐debt bubble of the United States—the explosion of which detonated the crash—is finally unwound, the new global balance will favor an Asia flush with cash. The G‐20 will replace the G‐7 as the executive committee of globalization. And, if wise leadership stays the course, there will be a "green lining" to the recovery as the fiscal stimulus is imbued with an environmental sensibility.

There are two levels to this thesis, the examination of the particular case and the exposition of the general approach. The case the thesis deals with is Louisiana's coastal land-loss crisis and what can and should be done about it. I examine the current approach to coastal protection and restoration in the state of Louisiana, drawing on different economic theories of sustainable development and coastal geomorphology. Though the current plan is an improvement on previous efforts, it is still lacking in some areas. Amongst other problems, it is likely to put some fishers out of work, force them to relocate, and otherwise damage coastal communities. I argue that this is due to the critical capital approach to sustainable development that it employs which is based in utilitarian economic decisionmaking. Through a careful study of the present plan and by spotting its tensions and weaknesses, I propose an alternative approach to coastal planning which focuses on the expansion of capabilities. For this I draw on the work of Amartya Sen. I argue that this would address many problems with the current plan including those faced by the fishers. But examining the political and economic context, I find it is unlikely that the State will promote such an alternative, so I instead focus on an emergent fishers' social movement as a potential agent of change, which can put pressure on the State to change its approach. Drawing on Gramsci's theory of hegemony and social movement theory, in the political process tradition of Charles Tilly, I then translate this analysis into advice that might assist the movement in its struggle with the State.This thesis is also an example of a novel approach in sustainability research, which aims to make contributions at a number of levels. I propose that it provides an example of how to do interdisciplinary environmental research using the method of immanent critique; bringing together coastal geomorphology, political economy, and social movement theory. It brings together critical and problem-solving modes of research in a concrete case drawing on extended case work. I also propose a framework through which sustainability research can contribute to the practice of social movements as agent of social change towards sustainability.

AbstractThis study examines the social networks and deviant behavior of 92 male and female adolescent offenders in a secure training school. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted individually with the youth and repeated following a four‐week interval. Record data were reviewed to assess behavioral adjustment. The Social Cognitive Map analytic technique was utilized to identify social clusters. Findings indicate that these extremely delinquent youth formed reasonably stable social networks within the institution. Social clusters were distinguished most strongly on the basis of gender, race and proximity. Individuals within clusters had similar levels of behavioral adjustment and perceptions of intimacy with peers. The processes of peer group formation are similar to those found among public school counterparts. Treatment implications are discussed.

El presente estudio se enmarca en la reintegración social de las personas en situación de calle. Se analizó el proceso de implementación de la primera etapa del programa Vivienda con apoyo para personas en situación de calle, modelo de origen norteamericano, replicado en Chile el 2019. El objetivo es analizar, clasificar y definir las estrategias llevadas a cabo por los implementadores. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con enfoque narrativo, desarrollándose la historia de cómo surgieron los hechos en un momento determinado. Entre los hallazgos principales, se estableció que cuando los programas públicos son replicados, tienden a favorecer los diseños rígidos, prevaleciendo la utilización de estrategias formales o deliberadas por sobre las estrategias esporádicas o emergentes.

Résumé Courgeau (Daniel), Baccaini (Brigitte). -Analyse multi-niveaux en sciences sociales L'approche multi-niveaux permet d'aborder les comportements humains, en tenant compte non seulement des caractéristiques individuelles, mais également du fait que ces individus font partie d'unités géographiques plus larges telles que les communes ou les régions. Une présentation détaillée et critique est faite ici des objectifs et des diverses formulations de ces modèles. Cet article va des modèles les plus simples, qui font intervenir la multiplicité des niveaux sous la forme de caractéristiques individuelles et agrégées, à des modèles plus complexes mettant en oeuvre des aléas propres à chaque niveau, pour aboutir à des modèles biographiques multi-niveaux. Il ouvre à une réflexion épistémologique plus générale sur l'apport de ces modèles.

The psychology of individual hope has been well articulated through the work of Seligman & Snyder, but scholars have done little to extend this model to understand how individuals engage in collective hope. This article develops a model of the collective hope process that emphasizes the importance of principles of social inclusion, open contestation of goals, arid transparent pathways to give certainty to the belief that the public is important to the process, even if the same public is uncertain & divided about the outcomes. The study is based on a survey of 2,040 Australians who shared their hopes, fears, & actions in relation to the Australian taxation system in 2000. 5 Tables, 1 Appendix, 30 References. [Copyright 2004 Sage Publications, Inc.]

Alan Donagan's modern classic, A Theory of Morality, stands as an articulate and cogent apology for deontological ethics. Among its important contributions is the argument Donagan makes that this rationally anchored morality is the most reliable platform for social criticism – particularly in times of ethical 'drift'. He rules out Hegel's alternative, developed in opposition to Kant, according to which to act morally simply means to comport oneself to the prevailing normative practices of one's community. In Donagan's view, this position risks dreadful ethical failure if such practices already are, or are gradually becoming, morally pernicious. To illustrate this point, Donagan considers the historical case of Franz Jägerstätter – a man whose conscientious objection to being conscripted to serve in the German Wehrmacht led eventually to his trial and execution. For Donagan, Jägerstätter's tragic case vividly and clearly illustrates the critical capacity of the deontological moral agent amidst a grotesquely malign 'moral' community. This essay argues that contrary to these conclusions, the Jägerstätter case, properly understood, affirms precisely the type of ethics Donagan thinks that it condemns.

Un problème significatif dans l'élaboration et l'utilisation de réseaux sociaux en recherche urbaine se rapporte à la spécification du contenu des relations de réseau. Dans une étude sur le terrain chez les Danois américains de la Californie, certains facteurs furent de grande utilité dans la définition des liens de réseau. Ce sont: le cadre institutionnel à l'intérieur duquel s'élaborent les liens de réseau; les situations qui leur permettent d'être opérants et la nature affective de ces liens de réseau. En plus de leur valeur opératoire, ces facteurs permettent au chercheur d'évaluer la qualité et la diversité de la vie urbaine.A significant problem in the construction and use of social networks in urban research is that of specifying the content of network relationships. In fieldwork among Danish‐Americans in California, the institutional framework in which network ties were recruited, the situations in which such ties were activated, and the affective nature of network links were useful in defining network bonds. In addition to their operational utility, these factors allow the investigator to assess the quality and diversity of urban life.

Los medios masivos de comunicación son inherentes a la existencia de una forma de estructuración de las democracias modernas, mediatizadas por estos. Esta perspectiva acompaña un quiebre teórico y político con la visión dominante del papel de los medios de comunicación en la sociedad: desplaza la mirada desde las ópticas instrumentales de la relación medios sociedad hacia comprensiones capaces de ver las distintas mediaciones sociales. De la comunicación, como cuestión de medios, hacia la cultura como espacio de identidades. Entendemos a la comunicación en términos de cultura, es decir, como el lugar desde el que salen a flote los conflictos que esta articula. El campo desde donde poder ver la producción, circulación, recepción y re-producción de los sentidos sociales. De ahí que la comunicación sea entendida en tanto movimiento de un proceso: en su carácter histórico y estructural, ámbito de resignificación en los modos de vida cotidiana, en los modos de ver, de sentir, de conocer, de congregarse. Desde la cultura, ese complejo mundo de símbolos que los seres humanos elaboran con sus actos materiales y simbólicos, la comunicación tendrá sentido transferible a la vida cotidiana. ; The mass-media are inherent in the existence of a form of the modern democracies structure mediatized for these. That perspective accompanies one theoretical and politically breaks with the dominant vision of the massmedia role in the society: it displaces the look from the instrumental optic average of the relation Mass-Media- Society towards comprehensions capable of seeing the different social mediations. Of the communication, as a topic of medias, towards the culture as a space of identities. We understand the communication in terms of culture, that is to say, as the place from which there go out afloat the conflicts that this one articulates, as the field from where to be able to see the production, traffic, receipt and reproduction of the social senses. That is why the communication is understood as a process movement: in his historical and structural character, resignificance area in the manners of daily life, in the manners of seeing, feeling, knowing, congregating. From the culture, this complex world of symbols that the human beings elaborate with their material and symbolic acts, the communication will make transferable sense to the daily life. ; Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social (FPyCS)

The "social orders" conceptual framework published in 2009 by Douglass North, John Joseph Wallis, and Barry Weingast allows a new reading of the political economy of rents in mineral-exporting countries. The paper explores how some findings of mineral economics research from the 1980s and 1990s can be reassessed within this framework.

Une mise en perspective historique permet de se demander si l'ESS est un aménagement à la marge ou une reconfiguration de l'économie sociale. L'associationisme solidaire de la première partie du XIX e siècle est une manifestation utopiste ayant débouché sur un échec ou une tentative d'articulation du mouvement social avec la mise en œuvre d'activités économiques. Plus récemment, l'économie solidaire peut être considérée comme une simple réaction à la montée du chômage et de l'exclusion ou comme une résurgence dans d'autres conditions de l'associationnisme solidaire. L'analyse de ces bifurcations amène à deux scénarios, soit l'économie solidaire n'est qu'une adjonction à la marge de l'économie sociale qui demeure un regroupement d'entreprises collectives, soit l'ESS dépasse le rassemblement d'entreprises pour constituer une socio-économie solidariste.

The paper deals with a particular use of the criminal law in unequal societies against disadvantages groups attempting to limit their access to social rights. More specifically, I will defend here the occupation of public places as a consequence of the failure of the government to solve the problem of housing. I will argue on the one hand that we must distinguish between a social claim and a crime and avoid the use of criminal law in certain cases. On the other hand, I will criticize the particular use of the concept of equality use by the defenders of the "punishment solution". ; El trabajo cuestiona el uso particular del derecho penal en sociedades desiguales y en contra de grupos desaventajados con la intención de limitar su acceso a derechos sociales constitucionales. Más específicamente, defiendo la ocupación de espacios públicos como consecuencia de la falla de los gobiernos en solucionar el problema del acceso a la vivienda digna. Voy a argumentar, por un lado, que debemos distinguir entre un reclamo social y un delito para evitar el uso del derecho penal en determinados casos. Por otra parte, voy a criticar el uso particular del concepto de igualdad aplicado por los defensores de la "solución del castigo".