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Research on gender equality policy has generally focused on actors and institutions at the national and international levels. This article considers the role of local‐level actors and institutions in explaining different policy responses to violence against women and girls (VAWG). The literature on gender policy trajectories identifies the particular importance of executive actors in influencing "status policies" like VAWG. Quantitative data are analyzed to show how local Police and Crime Commissioners in England and Wales have responded to demands for policy action. The focus is on the interaction between the 41 elected commissioners and the new institutional arrangements for police governance introduced in 2012. The article shows that variation in policy outcomes is related (a) to the gender of executive actors and (b) to the way in which actors interpret elements of the institutional framework, regardless of their own gender.

Abstract
The focus of the presented research is attitude and loyalty to two brands of beer produced by the Carlsberg Group – Tuborg and Carlsberg. Both beers are lagers. The Carlsberg Group markets Tuborg as a more premium brand, and it also aims to promote it to women. Unlike in the Netherlands with one brand – Heineken and unlike in the Czech Republic with many well-known brands by a multitude of producers, the Danish case gives a unique opportunity to investigate if customers truly prefer one of two brands or are approximately equally low with regards to both brands as it is produced by the same company and tastes very similarly (if not the same). The survey was conducted in Denmark. Respondents were Danish (not international) university students; such selection was done in order to ensure familiarity of respondents with both brands.

AbstractUnder conservative Prime Minister Abe Shinzo, Japan has embarked upon a high profile 'Womenomics' foreign policy agenda to highlight Japan's official development assistance (ODA) contributions to women's empowerment worldwide. This paper examines the puzzle of why such an avowedly conservative government would pursue a feminist foreign policy agenda. The paper finds that Japan's Womenomics diplomacy cannot be explained simply by materialist or domestic political explanations, but is best understood as a strategic campaign stemming from elite concern about Japan's national identity and esteem about its status in the world. Through Womenomics diplomacy, Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs attempts to construct Japan as a leader on women's rights and gender equality in response to the twin stigmas of Japan's treatment of wartime 'comfort women' and perennial low rankings on international indexes of gender equality.

Few studies have considered how labour activation programmes affect participants' identity construction, particularly from a gender comparison perspective. Using qualitative data and recognition theories, this exploratory study of the Norwegian Qualification Program examined how gender may affect labour activation recipients' identity construction and sense of social value. The findings suggest that women experience labour activation as an enabling process, facilitating an enhanced sense of social value and status. In contrast, men experience either no such change or a diminution of their sense of worth and status. The study shows how cultural values regarding gender, work and employment are embedded in social work practice and activation policy implementation. Underscoring how activation may be intertwined in such cultural values and norms, the study calls for further research to understand these processes, as they may affect outcomes in labour activation policy.

SummaryMany industrialized nations are currently experiencing a decline in average secondary sex ratio (SSR) resulting in fewer boys being born relative to girls. While many potential factors may explain the decline in the birth of males relative to females, it seems most studies support the idea that male offspring are produced less often when environmental conditions are poor owing to males being more susceptible to loss in harsh environments. This study investigates the maternal factors that are associated with the sex of offspring in a cohort of the Australian population. It found that greater parental perceptions of wealth were significantly associated with an increase in the number of sons produced. These results suggest that male offspring are born at increased numbers to women with higher available resources, which may reflect the fact that male offspring are more vulnerable in poor environments.

This article describes how an assistant professor addressed complicated, politically charged issues of social justice during the 2016 Presidential Election to primarily first-year teacher candidates (TCs) in a Multicultural Education course through Poetic Inquiry. The article presents Poetic Inquiry as a pedagogical tool to employ tackling controversial subjects through the use of voice from current events, legitimate news sources, interviews, and the TCs' personal identities, which all articulate diverse concerns with issues on the 2016 campaign trail. Poems within the article include a range of current issues: Whiteness, homophobia, xenophobia, objectification of women, Black Lives Matter, immigration, women's self-perceptions, electorate distrust, and bullying. Using poetry to make meaning from the election campaigns, TCs, as future educators and advocates for students, begin the process of deconstructing pluralistic voices heard in society and the classroom.

This essay reviews the following works:Making Up the Difference: Women, Beauty, and Direct Selling in Ecuador. By Erynn Masi de Casanova. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2011. Pp. xix + 239. $55.00 cloth: ISBN: 9780292723863.Dolores del Río: Beauty in Light and Shade. By Linda B. Hall. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013. Pp. xvi + 358. $60 cloth. ISBN: 9780804784078.Queen for a Day: Transformistas, Beauty Queens, and the Performance of Femininity in Venezuela. By Marcia Ochoa. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2014. Pp. xi + 277. $24.95 paper. ISBN: 9780822356264.Of Beasts and Beauty: Gender, Race, and Identity in Colombia. By Michael Edward Stanfield. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2013. Pp. x + 280. $60.00 cloth. ISBN: 9780292745582.Beauty and the Beast. By Michael Taussig. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012. Pp. x + 172. $18.00 paper. ISBN: 9780226789866.

This article combines a migration-systems approach with oral history and a local-level perspective. It focuses on migrant women recruited from Schleswig-Holstein to a Swedish garment factory in the early 1950s. These migrants were around 20 years old and single; about half of them were German wartime refugees and early post-war expellees from Central and Eastern Europe. The article analyses how migrants articulate retrospective narratives, as regards the different steps (background, journey and interactions in the receiving society) of the migration process. It shows how migrants' life stories are narratively constructed around contrastive elements and turning points, which correspond to the three steps of their migration experiences. The article also argues that oral sources can be used both to study subjective dimensions of individual migration experiences, and to illuminate important details of past migrations.

In the migration history literature, the number of marriages between newcomers and the native population is considered to be the ultimate litmus test of the integration or assimilation of migrants. However, little attention has been paid to how the state has actively intervened to prevent such marriages. The premarital counselling for mixed marriages provided by Dutch state officials, in cooperation with churches and NGOs, represents one such intervention. It mainly targeted Dutch women marrying Muslim men, and until the 1990s it was informed by stereotypes about gender, class and race that intersected with religion. Counselling Dutch girls about Islamic family law served as a way to demonstrate how intrinsically different 'the other' was. Ultimately, premarital counselling was about the power of regulations of mixture in shaping identities and producing 'race', linking it to sex, gender and family formations.

Inaccurate beliefs that women commonly lie about sexual assault and target innocent men are pervasive in the United States, particularly on college and university campuses. Research consistently demonstrates that false reports of sexual assault account for less than 10% of reported cases and that individuals are unlikely to be wrongly accused of sexual assault. Thus, to pursue justice on campuses and beyond, family scholars must challenge misinformation about false reports in their teaching and scholarship to shift the narrative away from these prevalent and harmful rape myths. Doing so will allow for a more comprehensive and informed dialogue about how to address sexual assault on university campuses. This article offers a feminist analysis of the issue, clearly delineates the definition of a false report, critically reviews the false report literature, and presents suggestions for educational efforts by family professionals.

Resumo Na década de 1960, a representação de crianças na obra literária de João Guimarães Rosa sofreu modificação e nela, além de tratar dos meninos, o autor passou a escrever estórias em que protagonistas são as meninas. Esse destaque da mulher quando criança pode esboçar um desenho do novo papel social assumido pelo feminino na década seguinte. Palavras-chave: Meninas. Guimarães Rosa. Protagonismo feminino. NEW FEMALE REPRESENTATIONS OF CHILDREN IN GUIMARÃES ROSA Abstract In the 1960s the representation of children in the literary work of João Guimarães Rosa suffered modification and in it, in addition to treating the boys, the author started to write stories whose protagonists are the girls. This highlight of the woman as a child can draw a design of the new social role played by women in further decade. Keywords: Girls. Guimarães Rosa. Female Protagonists.Â

As women increasingly campaign for the highest political offices, this original content analysis study examines the extent to which gender and parenthood play a role in political leadership using British political party leadership elections as a case study. Competing hypotheses from the limited literature on politics and parenthood are examined. The article finds that family mentions have varied over time and contrary to some gender literature men's family was at times of greater interest than women's. Evidence is found for the politicisation of motherhood and a possible 'maternal mandate'. In parallel, fatherhood was of increasing interest and the rise of the modern man can be seen. Yet, male candidates appear to have an 'opt-out clause' in any politicisation of fatherhood. Further questions about politics and parenthood begged by this article open future research avenues.

This paper discusses some of the dominant discourses on women's body and sexuality besides other structural and institutional factors which impact on women's sexual rights and sexuality and the interplay between these factors and Islam. Also the focus is on the way women's sexuality is constructed in Islam through various interpretations of the text (Qur'an and hadith), and how the traditional/customary practices curb women's body and sexuality. The paper also highlights the issues and challenges for women's movement in Muslim countries in raising the issue of women's sexuality and reproductive rights. These issues are important mainly for two reasons: firstly, the emergence of conservative forces using religion to curb women's rights and secondly, cultural or customary practices are overriding the textual Islam and thus, depriving women of their rights. The paper is mainly based on secondary sources.Â

Starting in the 1920s and 30s ; youth came to be seen ; in colonial Algeria as elsewhere in the Arab world ; as a social category that educators ; academics and politicians had to deal with in one way or another. Modernizers and many young men and women established a host of youth movements from the 1920s onwards: cultural circles and student associations ; sports teams and scout troops as well as youth wings of political parties. In this contribution I examine such youth movements and the generational conflicts they brought with them in French Algeria from around 1930 until the achievement of independence in 1962. Based on theories by Johan Huizinga and José Ortega y Gasset about the generative potential of generational communities centered around play ; I will demonstrate the importance of allegedly non-political youth groups for the social and political transformations in late colonial Algeria.

Encephalic Vascular Accident is a clinical sign of brain dysfunction and it might result in permanent and irreversible lesions. Objective: Define the characteristics such as age, sex and date of the first treatment at a Santa Catarina State's Rehabilitation Center. Methods: This is a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study. The Ethnics in Human Research (CEPSH), the Pro Rector for Research and Extension Federal University of Santa Catarina, number 1024 reviewed this study. Results: CVA affected 25,11% of women between 71-80 years old and 34,09% of the men aged between 61-70 years old. The most common consequence due to CVA was hemiplegia and the study observed that many patients only looked for proper treatment after several years post CVA. Conclusions: The physical therapy is important, so patients can relearn daily tasks and furthermore reintegrate their social life.