Suchergebnisse

Social security dimension of employees of enterprises undergoing restructuring is analysed: the concept of socially responsible restructuring is discussed; the recent developments in restructuring processes in Lithuania (including procedures of enterprise restructuring and bankruptcy, European Restructuring Monitor information and data on redundancy of group of employees) are described; restructuring legislation in Lithuania including the concept of restructuring, legal aspects of employees' security in case of restructuring and dismissals of group of employees are discussed. Active labour market policy is briefly introduced in the article in order to present instruments for socially responsible restructuring as well as the role of social dialogue in the restructuring processes. At the end of the article authors' views on the restructuring measures applied in Lithuania as well as evaluation of future perspectives are presented.

The European Union continues to develop the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). Adopted in March 2022, the EU's "Strategic Compass for Security and Defense" in the next decade should become a roadmap for the development of the EU's ambitions, stated in the 2003 and 2016 EU Strategies. The Strategic Compass offers a list of measures to strengthen the defense component in EU policy. They are concentrated in four main areas: crisis management, resilience, capacity building and partnerships. A significant innovation is the proposal to apply the qualified majority voting procedure on certain issues of foreign policy, security and defense policy. As part of the new EU Strategy, it is proposed to create a group of Rapid deployment forces and increase investment in the defense sector. The innovation will also be the holding of EU exercises and the EU Security and Defense Partnership Forum. Specific action plans for the announced initiatives should be developed by the end of 2022, and their implementation is scheduled for 2030. The Strategic Compass was perceived ambiguously — the key points of criticism are the inability of the Union to ensure its own strategic autonomy. In the context of the changed geopolitical situation in Europe, which coincided with the publication of the new Strategy, the EU countries continued to follow the lead of US policy. The emphasis in Compass on the complementarity of the foreign and security and defense policy of the EU in relation to the Alliance confirms that the countries of Europe will tend to rely on the usual institutions of NATO as opposed to the creation of new structures of the European Union. In addition, significant disagreements in the perception of threats by EU member states, as well as the general amorphousness of the Union's foreign policy initiatives, remain a problem. It is likely that a significant breakthrough in the creation of effective institutions of European foreign policy, security and defense policy will not be achieved, but the acquisition of new powers by the European Commission will strengthen supranational control over the policies of EU member states in these areas.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Classic Issues in Soviet Foreign Policy -- Introduction -- I. History -- 1. Soviet Foreign Policy Aims and Accomplishments from Lenin to Brezhnev -- 2 Soviet Perspectives on Security -- 3. The Soviet Conception of Detente -- II. Methodology -- 4. Soviet Foreign Policy and World Politics -- 5. Science and Sovietology: Bridging the Methods Gap in Soviet Foreign Policy Studies -- 6. A Framework for Analyzing Soviet Foreign Policy -- 7. Perceptions and Behavior in Soviet Foreign Policy -- III. Ideology and Behavior -- 8. Ideology and Power Politics: A Symposium -- 9. Anatomy of Policymaking -- 10. Soviet Ideology, Risk-Taking, and Crisis Behavior -- 11. Truth, Reality, and Power: The World through Soviet Eyes -- IV. Prospect and Retrospect -- 12. The Sources of Soviet Conduct -- 13. Sources of Soviet Foreign Conduct William Taubman -- Contemporary Issues in Soviet Foreign Policy -- Introduction -- V. Perspectives and Policymaking -- 14. The Revolution in Soviet Foreign Policy -- 15. New Thinking or New Tactics in Soviet Foreign Policy -- 16. Changing Soviet Elite Views on the International System and Soviet Foreign Policy -- 17. Inventing the Soviet National Interest -- 18. Linkages between Soviet Domestic and Foreign Policy under Gorbachev -- 19. The Role of the CPSU International Department in Soviet Foreign Policy Relations and National Security Policy -- 20. The KGB and Soviet Foreign Policy -- 21. Is Gorbachev Changing the Rules of Defense Decision-Making? -- VI. Policy and Performance -- 22. The Soviet Military in Transition -- 23. New Thinking on Security Issues -- 24. The Soviet Union: A Player in the World Economy? -- 25. Gorbachev's Foreign Policy: A Diplomacy of Decline -- 26. Gorbachev's Global Doughnut: The Empire with a Hole in the Middle

In the US, a single piece of legislation, the Social Security Act, is the major vehicle through which the cash assistance to citizens is provided. This act contains many subprograms which differ in concept, administration & programmatic implication. Three programs are here examined in a sociohistorical, sociocultural context: social security, unemployment compensation, & public assistance. The roots of these programs are analyzed, their current operations outlined, & the policy problems currently confronting them are detailed. The ways in which the programs relate to the political mythology of the society is seen as important. Because of the continual conflicts arising out of the administration of public assistance, three special cases involving that program are mentioned: the Jenner Amendment, 'suitable homes,' & Title XX. Modified HA.

AbstractThe UN World Health Organization reports that 80% of diseases are waterborne. Bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases like typhoid, cholera, amebiasis, poliomyelitis, hepatitis A, skin infection, and gastrointestinal are spread through polluted water. In 2013, the UN Water defined water security as "The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods, human well‐being, and socio‐economic development, for ensuring protection against water‐borne pollution and water‐related disasters, and for preserving ecosystems in a climate of peace and political stability". The notion is quite new, but it does not mean that international law does not include rules and principles relevant to water security. Compared to some other regions in the world, most people living in Europe already enjoy very good access to high‐quality drinking water, in part thanks to over 30 years of European Union legislation for ensuring drinking water quality. On February 2018, pressed by the successful result of the first European Citizens' Initiative "Right2Water," the European Commission proposed to revise the European Union legislation for improving access to higher quality of drinking water and provide better information to citizens. Considering the latest scientific knowledge and recommendations of the World Health Organization, the proposal made by the Commission suggests improving water quality by adding new and emerging substances (such as legionella and chlorate) to the list of criteria for determining water safety. The new provisions require the member states to improve access for all people, especially for vulnerable and marginalized groups who currently have difficult access to drinking water, set up equipment for access to drinking water in public spaces, launch campaigns to inform citizens about the quality of their water, and encourage administrations and public buildings to provide access to drinking water. According to the European Union Commission, the new measures would reduce potential health risks associated with drinking water from 4% to below 1%. Based on the presumption that the right to safe water, and the related concept of water security, emerges as a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the approach conducted by the European Commission and, compared it with a fragmented panorama in the International regulation. In this sense, it will be necessary to refer to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, its Protocol on Water and Health, the General Comment No. 15 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the right to water, and the World Health Organization's Water safety plan to identify and manage the risks that climate change poses to water security (quality and quantity) in the framework of international law obligations. Finally, in order to consider future scenarios and promote possible implementation, the new European Union approach is fully consistent with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In particular, the initiatives will make a meaningful contribution to reaching the Sustainable Development Goal 6 to "achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all," along with the Paris Agreement objectives on climate change, thanks to safer, more efficient, and sustainable management of drinking water, reducing the CO2 footprint and unnecessary water loss.