Suchergebnisse

On 24 June 2016, a narrow majority of citizens of the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union, a decision which has exposed deep divisions in British society. This article analyses the extent to which the campaign to leave the EU and its aftermath can be explained in terms of existing definitions of 'populism'. It distinguishes between a 'thin' and 'thick' ideology of populism. Whereas the 'thin' ideology refers to a specific political method or style, one which claims to represent the 'true people' against a ruling elite, the 'thick' ideology focuses on substantial ideological elements, e.g. authoritarian and nationalist worldviews. The paper demonstrates that the Brexit campaign has been dominated by exclusive, right-wing populist ideas. In order to understand the appeal of populist parties and movements in the UK, the paper explores the multi-layered factors that have led to widespread support for the anti-European and anti-immigration politics. It argues that a mix of economic, political and cultural disenfranchisement is a root cause of the vote for Brexit. In this light, the Brexit rhetoric of 'taking back control' can be interpreted as a (problematic) attempt to overcome disenfranchisement.

The aim of the executed research is to determine the influence of harvesting renewable energy on the labour market. Eurostat Databases provided a source of empirical data concerning the amount of produced energy. The number of the employed and the performance of the installed equipment were determined thanks to reports drafted by EurObserv'ER or International Renewable Energy Agency. The following sectors were considered: solid biofuels, biogas, liquid biofuels, geothermal, hydropower, municipal waste, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal and wind power. The research concerned 28 member states of the EU between 2009 and 2015. Such a scope was established due to significant changes on the renewable energy market triggered by the Climate and Energy Package passed by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. The number of the working people (directly in the enterprises operating in the field of producing raw energy materials and energy from renewable sources, as well as providing equipment and services within this field) in relation to 1 000 tonnes of oil equivalent of the primary energy obtained in particular sectors of renewable energy sources was used as the performance indicator. Panel estimation was used as means of empirical indication of relations between the variables.

The European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action ESMERALDA aimed at developing guidance and a flexible methodology for Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) to support the EU member states in the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy's Target 2 Action 5. ESMERALDA's key tasks included network creation, stakeholder engagement, enhancing ecosystem services mapping and assessment methods across various spatial scales and value domains, work in case studies and support of EU member states in MAES implementation. Thus ESMERALDA aimed at integrating various project outcomes around four major strands: i) Networking, ii) Policy, iii) Research and iv) Application. The objective was to provide guidance for integrated ecosystem service mapping and assessment that can be used for sustainable decision-making in policy, business, society, practice and science at EU, national and regional levels. This article presents the overall ESMERALDA approach of integrating the above-mentioned project components and outcomes and provides an overview of how the enhanced methods were applied and how they can be used to support MAES implementation in the EU member states. Experiences with implementing such a large pan-European Coordination and Support Action in the context of EU policy are discussed and recommendations for future actions are given.

Population aging challenges the financing of social security systems in developed economies, as the fraction of the population in working age declines. The resulting pressure on capital-labor ratios translates into a pressure on factor prices and production. While European countries all face this challenge, the speed at which their population ages differs, and thus the pressure on capital-labor ratios. If capital markets are integrated, differences in population aging may lead to cross-country spillovers, as investors freely seek the best returns on capital. Using a multi-country overlapping-generations model covering 14 European Union countries, I quantify spillovers and find that capital market integration leads to redistribution across countries over the long run. For instance, GDP per capita would on average be 2.9 %-points lower in Germany in each of the next 50 years if capital markets were perfectly integrated and public debts kept constants with increases in labor income taxes, compared to a closed economy case; by contrast, GDP per capita would on average be 2.1 %-points higher in France, whose population ages slower than in Germany. I also show that pension reforms can change the cross-country redistribution patterns, some countries losing from capital market integration without the reform but winning with it.

The European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action ESMERALDA aimed at developing guidance and a flexible methodology for Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) to support the EU member states in the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy's Target 2 Action 5. ESMERALDA's key tasks included network creation, stakeholder engagement, enhancing ecosystem services mapping and assessment methods across various spatial scales and value domains, work in case studies and support of EU member states in MAES implementation. Thus ESMERALDA aimed at integrating various project outcomes around four major strands: i) Networking, ii) Policy, iii) Research and iv) Application. The objective was to provide guidance for integrated ecosystem service mapping and assessment that can be used for sustainable decision-making in policy, business, society, practice and science at EU, national and regional levels. This article presents the overall ESMERALDA approach of integrating the above-mentioned project components and outcomes and provides an overview of how the enhanced methods were applied and how they can be used to support MAES implementation in the EU member states. Experiences with implementing such a large pan-European Coordination and Support Action in the context of EU policy are discussed and recommendations for future actions are given.

Population aging challenges the financing of social security systems in developed economies, as the fraction of the population in working age declines. The resulting pressure on capital-labor ratios translates into a pressure on factor prices and production. While European countries all face this challenge, the speed at which their population ages differs, and thus the pressure on capital-labor ratios. If capital markets are integrated, differences in population aging may lead to cross-country spillovers, as investors freely seek the best returns on capital. Using a multi-country overlapping-generations model covering 14 European Union countries, I quantify spillovers and find that capital market integration leads to redistribution across countries over the long run. For instance, GDP per capita would on average be 2.9 %-points lower in Germany in each of the next 50 years if capital markets were perfectly integrated and public debts kept constants with increases in labor income taxes, compared to a closed economy case; by contrast, GDP per capita would on average be 2.1 %-points higher in France, whose population ages slower than in Germany. I also show that pension reforms can change the cross-country redistribution patterns, some countries losing from capital market integration without the reform but winning with it.

The European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Coordination and Support Action ESMERALDA aimed at developing guidance and a flexible methodology for Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services (MAES) to support the EU member states in the implementation of the EU Biodiversity Strategy's Target 2 Action 5. ESMERALDA's key tasks included network creation, stakeholder engagement, enhancing ecosystem services mapping and assessment methods across various spatial scales and value domains, work in case studies and support of EU member states in MAES implementation. Thus ESMERALDA aimed at integrating various project outcomes around four major strands: i) Networking, ii) Policy, iii) Research and iv) Application. The objective was to provide guidance for integrated ecosystem service mapping and assessment that can be used for sustainable decision-making in policy, business, society, practice and science at EU, national and regional levels. This article presents the overall ESMERALDA approach of integrating the above-mentioned project components and outcomes and provides an overview of how the enhanced methods were applied and how they can be used to support MAES implementation in the EU member states. Experiences with implementing such a large pan-European Coordination and Support Action in the context of EU policy are discussed and recommendations for future actions are given.

Aquaponics is a modern and sustainable food production technology. This paper reviews different policies relevant to aquaponics in order to create a clear picture on how aquaponics can contribute to achieving European goals and how the policies and strategies can provide support and opportunities for this sector. Because aquaponics falls into fish as well as plant production relevant policies are the Common Agriculture Policy and the Common Fisheries Policy, the European Union (EU) Food Safety and Nutrition Policy, and the EU Environmental Policy. Goals of these policies that are related to aquaponics include promoting innovation, increasing competitiveness and sustainability, improving access to space and water, welfare of fish, prevention of waste, and promoting resource-efficiency and low-carbon economy. Aquaponics contributes to achieving these goals by minimising water and nutrient use, utilising areas unfit for other food production systems, facilitating local food production and thus providing new business opportunities. The EU provides various frameworks for financial support for the different components of aquaponics, resulting in a range of opportunities for the newcomer as well as the already established aquaponics entrepreneurs. Financial support mostly targets research projects, while the sector also needs assistance in the commercial development.

Nature and Legitimacy of the Macroprudential Policy This paper analyzes the concept of macroprudential policy by introducing the evolution of its development and legitimation. As the starting point, the economic crisis of 2008 that shocked has been chosen. It was the latest crisis that led to the understanding of the importance of macroprudential policy measures in ensuring financial stability. As a result, at the request of the European Commission the report by the jacques de larosière group of experts not only gave a detailed account of the causes of the global economic crisis but also issued thirty-one recommendations on the basis of which the responsible authorities of the european union and the member states have substantially modernized their systems for the stability of the financial system. The work presents this new regulation and the activities of the bank of Lithuania in the field of macroprudential policy implementation. The first part is devoted to the presentation of macroprudential policies until 2008, while the second half presents the valid and current regulation of macroprudential policy. As a result, there is a clear contrast between the former and the existing legal regulation, not only listing the changes that have taken place in politic.

Nature and Legitimacy of the Macroprudential Policy This paper analyzes the concept of macroprudential policy by introducing the evolution of its development and legitimation. As the starting point, the economic crisis of 2008 that shocked has been chosen. It was the latest crisis that led to the understanding of the importance of macroprudential policy measures in ensuring financial stability. As a result, at the request of the European Commission the report by the jacques de larosière group of experts not only gave a detailed account of the causes of the global economic crisis but also issued thirty-one recommendations on the basis of which the responsible authorities of the european union and the member states have substantially modernized their systems for the stability of the financial system. The work presents this new regulation and the activities of the bank of Lithuania in the field of macroprudential policy implementation. The first part is devoted to the presentation of macroprudential policies until 2008, while the second half presents the valid and current regulation of macroprudential policy. As a result, there is a clear contrast between the former and the existing legal regulation, not only listing the changes that have taken place in politic.

The report PDF has temporarily been withdrawn on 4 September 2018 upon request by the authors. It will be soon be available again after a necessary revision by the authors. ; The present report aims at understanding the challenges and opportunities of the Ukrainian natural gas market. It considers its natural resources, infrastructure, industry organisation, market regulation, international relationships, and consumption patterns. The report broadly describes the current situation and key market data. However, its focus is on mid-term evolution, with a view to understanding how the market could look around 2020, when the current transition should be relatively advanced. The market is assessed against European Union benchmarks, in particular the Gas Target Model (ACER, 2015), which envisages the characteristics of a functioning gas market pursuant to the EU regulatory framework, and defines metrics for assessment of individual (national or cross-border) markets. The assessment is not limited to the metrics, but also illustrates and discusses other key features that the current European debates highlight as key factors of a functioning market, and which can lead to the establishment of a liquid and competitive hub for gas trading.

Nature and Legitimacy of the Macroprudential Policy This paper analyzes the concept of macroprudential policy by introducing the evolution of its development and legitimation. As the starting point, the economic crisis of 2008 that shocked has been chosen. It was the latest crisis that led to the understanding of the importance of macroprudential policy measures in ensuring financial stability. As a result, at the request of the European Commission the report by the jacques de larosière group of experts not only gave a detailed account of the causes of the global economic crisis but also issued thirty-one recommendations on the basis of which the responsible authorities of the european union and the member states have substantially modernized their systems for the stability of the financial system. The work presents this new regulation and the activities of the bank of Lithuania in the field of macroprudential policy implementation. The first part is devoted to the presentation of macroprudential policies until 2008, while the second half presents the valid and current regulation of macroprudential policy. As a result, there is a clear contrast between the former and the existing legal regulation, not only listing the changes that have taken place in politic.

According to Steve Blank, a startup is a temporary organization that is looking for a profitable, scalable, and repeatable business model. The aim of this article is to compare the startup environments in Poland and other European Union countries, in particular the functioning of accelerators and incubators. The study is based on analysing the sources of acceleration programs and methods of supporting young companies. It turns out that since 2007, the economies of European countries and the US have been feeling the growth of small enterprises that are innovative, and their products are often revolutionizing global markets. Many startups also end up in bankruptcy, but this does not discourage entrepreneurs from creating more and more new teams work on new innovative technologies. One of the biggest problems for start-up companies is finding financing. Hence the interest in the acceleration programs, thanks to which companies gain financing and, above all, mentoring and contact with investors and customers. The effects of cooperation between accelerators and young companies can also be seen on the Polish market. In the last two years new government projects have been created and directed by large corporations, which are supporting the ideas of young people and encourage the development of startups.

The Italian museum system had turned the page thanks to the important change in the administrative organization sanctioned by the so-called "Museums decree" (decree of the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism or "Mibact" of 23 December 2014) and the significant investment in the enhancement that was achieved. However, with an intricate legal matter, ending with the sentence of the Regional Administrative Court for Lazio of 24 May 2017, n. 6171, things have changed abruptly. As a matter of fact, the judge, in fact, has recognized the indirect violation of art. 38 of the legislative decree 30 March 2001, n. 165 (so-called Consolidated Law on public employment or "TUPI") according to which only "citizens of the Member States of the European Union (.) can access jobs in public administrations that do not involve direct or indirect public employment powers, or rather do not concern the protection of the national interest ", thus declaring the illegality of the appointment of a person without Italian citizenship to hold this type of office aimed at exercising authoritative administrative powers, in application of the European and national legislation in force ". All the work is dedicated to claim that although formally right, the verdict is at the end substantially wrong.

Includes Contents, Acknowledgements, Notes on editors, Figures and tables. ; Femicide is the intentional killing of women and girls because of their gender. Femicides are usually perpetrated by intimate partners (for example, husbands or boyfriends) or family members (for example, fathers, brothers or cousins), who are usually familiar males; on rare occasions the perpetrators can be women, either lesbian partners or kin. A global study of homicides carried out by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in 2012 showed that 79% of all homicide victims were male. The global average male homicide rate was, at 9.7 per 100,000, almost four times the global average female rate. However, the majority of homicides in the domestic field were femicides (which the authors called 'female intentional homicides') perpetrated by intimate partners or family members. Of 93,000 global femicides reported in 2012, 43,600 women – that is, nearly 50% – were killed by intimate partners or family members, as opposed to only 6% among male homicides (UNODC, 2014: 53). ; This publication is based upon work from COST Action IS1206 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Funded by the Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union. ; peer-reviewed