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Paterson, New Jersey Public school system has continued to produce low-graduation rates, high drop-out rates, and low test scores despite being taken over by the state of New Jersey. In this qualitative paper, I see to place the blame for Paterson's failing schools not on the teachers, parents and students—which other scholars have done—but on the politicians (namely the Board of Education) for their failures in leadership, being inept, and all out corruption. I propose solid solutions to the problem of Paterson failing schools. This study builds off of the scholarship of Lydia Segal, who worte Battling Corruption in America's Public school, and placing it in the context of Paterson, New Jersey, where there is evident of high political corruption in education.

Diese Arbeit analysiert den Zusammenhang zwischen politischen Institutionen und wirtschaftlichen Reformen. Die verbreitete Meinung nimmt an, dass ein hohes Maß an politischer Kontrolle und Beschränkungen, etwa durch ein föderales System oder eine zweite Parlamentskammer, die Reformfähigkeit eines Landes negativ beeinflusst. Grundlage dieser Annahme sind die Schlussfolgerungen aus der Vetospieler-Theorie von George Tsebelis. Anhand des Reformverlaufs postkommunistischer Staaten zeigt diese Arbeit jedoch, dass der Zusammenhang zwischen politischer Beschränkung und Reformen nicht linear, sondern quadratisch ist. Ein Mittelweg zwischen einer frei waltenden Exekutive und einem System restriktiver checks and balances garantiert damit die größtmöglichen Fortschritte bei wirtschaftlichen Reformen von der Planwirtschaft zur Marktwirtschaft. ; This theses analysis the correlation between political institutions and economic reforms. It´s common sense that extensive political controls, for example by a federal system or a upper house, affects the ability to reform negatively. This assumption is based on the veto-player theory by George Tsebelis. This theses shows, on the basis of the reform-process of former communistic countries, that the correlation is not a linear, but a quadratic one. So there´s a trade-off between a unrestricted executive and a system of restrictive checks and balances, which guaranties the highest possible progress from a planned economy to a free market economy.

This intent of this paper is to research Native American education in theSyracuseCitySchool District. This paper examines the relationship of the Onondaga Nation and the New York State Department of Education. The Onondaga Nation is a Native American Nation that neighbors the City ofSyracuse. The Nation is one of a Confederacy of Six Native American Nations inNew YorkStatecalled the Haudenosaunee. Native American students across theUnited Stateshave extremely low graduation rates in city public schools. The Onondaga Nation attributes this to policies of marginalization and insensitive curriculum materials in public school. Many theories have been proposed that minority students often suffer from a lack of self-esteem in the classroom due to culturally insensitive teaching methods and materials. Furthermore, many parents of Native American students feel that the education is inadequate and take their children out of Syracuse City Schools. The Onondaga believe that all students inNew YorkStateshould have knowledge about the history, contributions to society, culture, and contemporary relevance of their Nation. I originally engaged in this project as part of an internship at Neighbors of the Onondaga Nation. I interviewed localSyracuseCityschool teachers, Education Professors from aroundNew YorkState, members of the Superintendent's office forSyracuseCityschools, anOnondagaNationSchoolteacher, an Akwesasne Mohawk teacher, a representative from the New York State Department of Education, and the head of the Title VII program inSyracuseCityschools. I read over 50 books and articles detailing the issue to attain a greater understanding. I also took a class titled Haudenosaunee and New York State Relations in the Native American Studies department ofSyracuseUniversity. From this, I was able to piece together the narrative of the issue. From examining all perspectives of the issue and factors involved I have found that the social studies curriculum is insufficient in its treatment of the Haudenosaunee and Onondaga Nation. The demands of the Onondaga Nation, that culturally relevant materials be better incorporated into the public school curriculum, are not only warranted but are in keeping with the State's own affirmed goals and mission. Furthermore, the brutal history of assimilation has contributed to a cultural aversion to Western Education. Hope for the future exists at the local level through outreach workshops, parental involvement, increasing Native American representation on school boards, and possibly forming specialty education efforts that could consistently work with teachers. Efforts to improve education would be a triumph in relations between the two parties because, in effect, it would affirm that the United States government is invested in the future of the Native American people and that the government will do what its best to aid in their survival.

We cannot expect in East Asia over the foreseeable future to see the sort of conflation of sovereign states that has occurred in Europe. We must anticipate that, for the foreseeable future, the requirement will be for the sensible management and containment of competitive instincts. The establishment of a multilateral security body in East Asia that includes all the key players, and which the major powers invest with the authority to tackle the shaping of the regional security order, remains a critical piece of unfinished business.

¿Cómo prevenir o atenuar las ineficiencias informativas alojadas en el mercado de capitales y que redundan en un incorrecta formación de los precios? Concretamente, ¿cómo evitar que las empresas cotizantes en bolsa o los intermediarios bursátiles mientan u omitan entregar información relevante al mercado? ¿Qué rol desempeñan las autorregulaciones de mercado y las regulaciones estatales en este contexto? El artículo aborda estos problemas pasando revista por los diversos "remedios" propuestos al efecto - dando fundamentalmente cuenta de la abundante literatura estadounidense en lo pertinente - y pronunciándose en definitiva por una propuesta intermedia, que combina autorregulación de mercado y regulación estatal (no sin denunciar la inexistencia de "modelos perfectos", que prescindan de la libertad del agente). En fin, se detiene especialmente en el aporte preventivo de las sanciones (civiles y penales), ofreciendo una visión desde la perspectiva de análisis costo-beneficio, propia de los modelos clásicos de la law and economics theory. How to prevent or ameliorate informative inefficiencies in capital markets that result in an improper price formation? Specifically, how to avoid the possibility of public companies or stockbrokers lying or not providing relevant information to the market? What role do market self-regulation and government regulation play in this context? The article strives to answer these questions by analyzing the diverse available remedies - by reviewing the abundant specific American doctrine - and finally proposing an intermediate solution, combining market self-regulation with government regulation (by also denouncing the inexistence of "perfect models", that ignore the agent's liberty). The preventive contribution of (civil and criminal) sanctions is especially reviewed, offering a cost-benefit analysis, typical of classic models of law and economics theory.

The aim of this article is to analyze the educational programs of the Turkish Military Academy both in the Ottoman era and the Republican time with special emphasis on the sociology courses. This analysis is important in the sense that the Military Academy is always perceived as a pioneering institution of the modernization process in Turkey. As a result of assessing the development process of the Academy curricula it could be safely stated that the aim of changes and designs has always been to promote rationality and to follow up with the recent improvements in military academies of other countries. Explanation is also offered why a sociology course has not been a permanent feature of the curriculum at the Academy.

Grounded in empirically-based country case studies, this new study provides a sober assessment of what decentralisation can achieve. The current momentum for decentralisation of government in Africa and elsewhere in the developing world is unparalleled, but are the benefits claimed by its advocates being realised? Focusing on two claims in particular, this book questions whether decentralisation does offer a significant pathway out of poverty and conflict in Africa. Issues of poverty reduction are addressed in Uganda, Ghana, Malawi and Tanzania, while those of conflict management are explored in Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Uganda and Rwanda.

Switzerland likely has the most particular naturalization system in the world. Whereas in most countries citizenship attribution is regulated at the central level of the state, in Switzerland each municipality is accorded the right to decide who can become a Swiss citizen. This book aims at exploring naturalization processes from a comparative perspective and to explain why some municipalities pursue more restrictive citizenship policies than others. The Swiss case provides a unique opportunity to approach citizenship politics from new perspectives. It allows us to go beyond formal citizenship models and to account for the practice of citizenship. The analytical framework combines quantitative and qualitative data and helps us understand how negotiation processes between political actors lead to a large variety of local citizenship models. An innovative theoretical framework, integrating Bourdieu's political sociology, combines symbolic and material aspects of naturalizations and underlines the production processes of ethnicity.

Este trabajo intenta avanzar en la elaboración de políticas públicas a partir del análisis empírico de la dinámica de inclusión/exclusión digital en los sectores más pobres de la población, teniendo como base una amplia investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa en los barrios de bajos ingresos del municipio de Rio de Janeiro.

The author is presenting a broadly structured study about the first fifty years of European integration, its geopolitical context and academic reflection. His study is based on the two-fold thesis that since a few years, the European Union is going through a process of its Second Founding while simultaneously changing its rationale.