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Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between Internet access and migration aspirations and intentions in Africa. While empirical evidence on the role of telecommunications in shaping migration flows is increasing, the relationship between aspirations (desire to migrate) and intentions (migration preparation) has been paid little attention. The analysis is based on the nationally representative 2014 and 2015 surveys of Gallup World Poll in 29 African countries. We modelled migration desire and migration preparation through Probit and Heckman Probit models. The results indicate that having Internet access is positively associated with the desire to move abroad and preparations to migrate once controlling for the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. The association is higher in the case of migration preparation than in the case of migration desire. Slightly diverse effects are documented in low- and lower-middle-income countries, where the effect of Internet access on migration desire is somewhat higher than in the sample as a whole.

EUTOPIA-TRAIN is a project by the EUTOPIA European University, one of the initial 17 alliances supported through the European Universities Initiative. The project has the specific task to "design framework policies for research assessment which reflect Open Science practices and adopt a timetable for implementation". This activity follows the the wider strategic agenda of the European Commission which has embraced quality-driven research assessment – in conjunction with advancing Open Science – as a major reform program. This briefing, written as part of the EUTOPIA-TRAIN project, serves as a brief background document for EUTOPIA partners and stakeholders in other European Universities. It explains the rationale behind research assessment reform, sketches the political momentum and stakeholder activities around research assessment reform, presents the dimensions of assessment used in recent frameworks, discusses implications for EUTOPIA, and provides a high-level overview of the activities foreseen by EUTOPIA-TRAIN in the pursuit of this activity.

How did individuals advance to the highest ranks in the Dutch colonial administrations? And how, once appointed, was this rank retained? To answer these questions, this book explores the careers of Dutch colonial governors in the 17th century with a focus on two case-studies: Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen, governor of Dutch Brazil (1636-1644) and Rijckloff Volckertsz van Goens, Governor-General in Batavia in the 1670s. By comparing a Western (Atlantic, WIC) and an Eastern (Asian, VOC) example, this book shows how networks sustaining career-making differed in the various parts of the empire: the West India Company was much more involved in domestic political debates, and this led to a closer integration of political patronage networks, while the East India Company was better able to follow an independent course. The book shows that to understand the inner workings of the Dutch India companies, we need to understand the lives of those who turned the empire into their career

Medokan Ayu is an area from Surabaya Drainage Master Plan 2018-2038, located in Rayon Jambangan and reported to be inundated. This caused by overcapacity of the existing drainage channel to accommodate the 2-year flood discharge. From 134 channels observed, 27 channels overflowed, and 20 out of 27 canals are located in residential areas so the inundation hampered the local citizens activities. For a discharge period of 10 years, overflow occurs in the upstream and the middle of the main channel due to the slope of the channel is too flat. Since it is not possible to change the base elevation upstream or downstream, a reservoir was created as a solution by utilizing the government's inventory area located near the downstream of the channel. This reservoir will have pump that stream the water back to downstream channel. So, with this flood control system, Medokan Ayu area can be free from inundation.

This paper presents a model of a forward-looking government wooing foreign direct investment by enacting policies that reflect its commitment to the foreign enterprise. The ease with which the government is able to spend or carry out economic reform to complement the foreign venture evolves over time and influences the likelihood of its sustained commitment. The domestic and external strength of the government, the stability and not necessarily the level of returns from the project, venture-specificity of government spending or reform, and public and elite attitudes toward foreign commercial entry determine how invested the government remains in the long term success of the enterprise. More committed governments tend to be stronger and prefer robust investor-regime relationships. Reform that is not designed too narrowly to favor the investor is also less likely to be reversed later. Like pro-FDI public sentiment, a noisy policy environment induces deeper government commitment.

This paper presents an algorithm for the study, sizing, simulation and data analysis of complete integrated PV/Wind/Hydro-Battery systems. It is a computer program developed for determining and sizing of renewable-based energy system that can be used for electric power supply at any given time. This tool is used in sizing the integrated PV/Wind/Hydro-Battery for sustainable power supply at Nkanu-West local government secretariat. The program calculates the optimum configuration of the system according to the weather data as well as the period of operation of solar cells. From the simulation results, it was shown that the source and load characteristics are effectively sized and the supplied energy is efficiently and rationally utilized. The structural analysis of the program is described in details through data flow diagrams. The proposed sizing tool is validated with HOMER software and the program can be adapted for application in any area.

Given calls for more inclusion of women in the political space and political studies, we analyze the nomination acceptance speeches of vice-presidential candidates, from two countries with different sociocultural and economic backgrounds (Ghana and the United States). Our analysis builds on two well-established theories for studying political discourses. The authors uncover in both speeches, four similar and salient language frames synonymous to women in the political space. We advance the argument that the similarities in the language frames employed by both candidates can be attributed to their quests to wrestle power from incumbent regimes and concern about being ostracized. Our findings on their frames indicate that, negligible of the context or position, the feminine language frames hold true in the speeches of women in politics. It also reinforces the wide applicability of the functional theory of political campaign discourse and supports the argument that women go negative in their political discourse contrary to societal expectations.

The paper investigates the gender wage gap in relation to the multi-dimensional human capital measure, asking which human capital components are most valued in the European labour markets. Relying on the Programme of International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) data for seventeen European countries and applying Gelbach (Citation2016) decomposition, we document remarkable cross-country disparities in the returns to different human capital components. The only dimension that consistently and significantly decreases gender wage disparities in all countries is work experience related to a currently occupied position. Numeracy cognitive ability is another strong predictors of the gender wage disparity, while job-specific cognitive and non-cognitive skills reveal weaker than expected association with the gender wage gap. Unlike the studies stressing the decreasing importance of human capital in the gender wage gap assessment, we argue that a narrow definition of human capital may undermine the actual effect of the latter.

AbstractWhile we know that women's presence in the legislature positively impacts how citizens view the institution, little is known about the impact of women's presence on the legitimacy of high courts. We argue that despite differences in public expectations for courts, women's presence on the high court does impact citizen perceptions of legitimacy. However, this effect is dependent on both the level and the type of bias held by citizens. That is, when a person feels hostile bias toward women, the bias disrupts the potential legitimacy that the court could gain. On the other hand, we argue that benevolent sexism does not trigger any change in how citizens view the high court in a democracy. Using evidence from an experiment, we find that the presence of women on the high court has a strong positive impact on citizen perceptions of court legitimacy, though not among those with hostile gender bias.

AbstractThe weight function method (WFM) is compared with the magnetohydrodynamics (MHDs) coupled solver approach for single‐point and multipoint magnetic flowmeters downstream of a distorted flow created by a long radius 90‐degree elbow. A review of the literature appears to indicate that researchers who are interested in magnetic flowmeter accuracy and performance either have been unaware of or not capable of analyzing magnetic flowmeters using the WFM. The study examines whether any differences are apparent between modeling the single‐point electrodes and omitting the electrodes from the model. The results of the study indicate differences less than 0.50% between the WFM and the MHD approach. The results also demonstrate that for single‐point flowmeters, modeling the electrodes is not necessary. This research eliminates the barrier of deriving a weight function to model magnetic flowmeters.Article Impact StatementAn alternative analysis method for magnetic flowmeters enables more researchers to evaluate their performance.

People involved in actions at Heathrow, City and Stansted airports reflect on the development of climate justice narratives and how this has evolved over the three 'aviation strikes' at these airports. At the time of the Heathrow action, the focus was on the impact of the aviation industry
on the environment, to which Plane Stupid was seeking to draw attention. The City action became a Black Lives Matter action, with the aim of making connections between race and climate change. The Stansted action was organised by a coalition of groups, including Plane Stupid and Lesbians and
Gays Support the Migrants (LGSM), and sought to prevent the take-off of a deportation plane. Activists describe their own political development as these narratives shifted over time. They also discuss Extinction Rebellion, which aims to make direct action a mass participation event, and more
local actions, such as the anti-raids action in Glasgow in summer 2021.

This study aims to analyze the progress and issues of Indonesia's marine protected area establishment and control. It addresses the legal framework and issues, such as unclear mandates, lack of coordination, and local stakeholders' involvement in their establishment and control. The legal framework discussion aims to explain the complicated issues of the new Local Government Act promulgation. Furthermore, it provides alternative solutions through amending several provisions of the new Local Government Act associated with marine and coastal control. Firstly, inserting provisions regarding the Archipelagic County. Secondly, altering several articles related to the authority to manage marine resources. Thirdly, inserting provisions related to the jurisdiction of the Central Government in determining the classification and categorization of marine resource management. Fourthly, amending the articles in the new Local Government Act related to foreign affairs arrangement in the border area. In addition, this article concluded that a proper legal framework encourages sustainable marine and coastal management.

Local economic development to achieve increased welfare, encourage economic growth through the use of village funds. One of the villages that needs to be developed is Panji Village, Buleleng Regency. The local community has local potential and resources, most of the people work in the agricultural sector, so in order to optimize the use of village funds, the community has the potential and resources to develop local economies based on village funds in creating sustainable economic growth. Through the use of village funds in Panji Village, the government and the community develop water facilities between the rice fields with the aim of increasing community income and boosting tourism in Panji Village. The domino effect can help products in Panji Village starting from organic rice and products from Family Welfare Empowerment through Panji Village's Women Farmers Group (Kelompok Wanita Tani; KWT) such as Sari Jahe Merah, Panji Herbal Sari Temulawak, Tamba Waras Sari Kunyit and Tamba Sane Sari Rhizome

How does economic inequality affect public spending on healthcare in democracies? Does this depend upon the demographic composition of the electorate? We build a multidimensional model of political decision-making with endogenous political parties to analyse such questions. Voters in our model differ in terms of income and age. The tax rate, the allocation of the revenue between income redistribution and two forms of public spending - healthcare and capital investment - are determined through political competition. All agents value healthcare equally but the young like capital investment more than the old do. We find that when the young are a majority, public healthcare spending tends to be lower on average than when the young are a minority. Moreover, when the old are a majority the equilibrium public healthcare provision depends critically upon the extent of income inequality. We also discuss implications regarding the on-going demographic transition (population ageing) and the Covid-19 pandemic.

It is 2021, and cyberattacks are relentless. Attacks can take many forms, such as ransomware, which according to some estimations, accounted for approximately 4000 attacks per day, with 98% of the attacks relying on social engineering. Only in the US, ransomware attacks in 2020 costed an estimated $915 million. This working paper aims to look into the applicable legislative regimes to ransomware from the perspective of the US Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) and the Convention on Cybercrime of the Council of Europe (Budapest Convention). In doing so, in Section 2 the paper first describes ransomware, both from a technical perspective as well from the perspective of the novel business model of Ransomware-as-a-service (RaaS). Section 3 is dedicated to applying the CFAA to ransomware, whereas Section 4 does the same for the Budapest Convention. Section 5 brings together some concluding reflections regarding the two legal regimes.