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This is the first ever collected volume on John Austin, whose role in the founding of analytical jurisprudence is unquestionable. After 150 years, time has come to assess his legacy. The book fills a void in existing literature, by letting top scholars with diverse outlooks flesh out and discuss Austin's legacy today. A nuanced, vibrant, and richly diverse picture of both his legal and ethical theories emerges, making a case for a renewal of interest in his work. The book applies multiple perspectives, reflecting Austin's various interests - stretching from moral theory to theory of law and state, from roman law to constitutional law - and it offers a comparative outlook on Austin and his legacy on the backdrop of the contemporary debate and major movements within legal theory. It sheds new light on some central issues of practical reasoning: the relation between law and morals, the nature of legal systems, the function of effectiveness, the value-free character of legal theory, the connection between normative and factual inquiries in the law, the role of power, the character of obedience and the notion of duty?

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- 1.1 Relation to New Mechanism -- 1.2 Structure and Scope of the Book -- 1.2.1 Part I: Mechanisms in History and Today -- 1.2.2 Part II: Mechanisms, Causality, and Multilevel Systems -- 1.2.3 Part III: From Physics to Complexity and Computation -- 1.3 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Part I: Mechanisms in History and Today -- Chapter 2: Mechanisms, Then and Now: From Metaphysics to Practice -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Old Mechanism: From Metaphysics to Practice -- 2.2.1 Mechanical Models of Gravity -- 2.2.2 Mechanical vs Non-mechanical Explanation -- 2.2.3 Newton Against Mechanism -- 2.3 New Mechanism: From Practice to Metaphysics -- 2.3.1 The Metaphysics of New Mechanism -- 2.3.2 Mechanism in Scientific Practice -- 2.4 Newton Revisited -- References -- Chapter 3: Old and New Mechanistic Ontologies -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Early Modern Mechanism -- 3.2.1 Monism in Christiaan Huygens -- 3.2.2 Isaac Newton's Dualism -- 3.3 Contemporary Mechanism -- 3.3.1 Monism in Stuart S. Glennan -- 3.3.2 Dualism in Peter Machamer, Lindley Darden, and Carl F. Craver (MDC) -- 3.4 Concluding Comparative Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Mechanisms, Explanation and Understanding in Physics -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Mechanics and Mechanisms -- 4.3 Maxwell's Theory and Poincaré's Theorem -- 4.4 Mechanisms and Quantum Mechanics -- 4.5 Conclusion: Mechanisms, Explanations and Understanding in Physics -- References -- Chapter 5: Mechanistic Explanations Generalized: How Far Can We Go? -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 From Mechanisms to Mechanistic Explanations -- 5.2.1 One-Level and Multi-level Mechanisms -- 5.2.2 Mechanistic Explanations Generalized -- 5.2.2.1 Generalizations Based on Scientific Progress -- 5.2.2.2 Philosophical Generalizations.

Introduction : an approach to public philosophy : James Tully in contexts / Alexander Livingston -- Part I: The practice of public philosophy -- Political theory as a critical activity : the emergence of public philosophy in a new key (2017) -- Public philosophy and civic freedom : a guide to the two volumes (2008) -- Deparochializing political theory and beyond : a dialogue approach to comparative political thought (2016) -- Part II: Modes of citizenship and practices of freedom -- The agonistic freedom of citizens (1999) -- The historical formation of common constitutionalism : the rediscovery of cultural diversity (1995) -- Two meanings of global citizenship : modern and diverse (2008) -- Rethinking human rights and enlightenment : a view from the twenty-first century (2012) -- Part III: Sustaining civic freedom -- Progress and skepticism 1789-1989 (1989) -- Introducing integral global constitutionalism (2016) -- Life sustains life 2 : the ways of re-engagement with the living Earth (2020) -- A view of transformative reconciliation : strange multiplicity & the spirit of Haida Gwaii at 20 (2015) -- Integral nonviolence. Two lawyers on nonviolence: Mohandas K. Gandhi and Richard B. Gregg (2018) -- Sustainable democratic constitutionalism and climate crisis (2020) -- An Interview with James Tully : questions from Alexander Livingston.

The paper characterizes the state of the nationwide and ethnic identities in relation to both each other and regional and macroregional identity types of young people of different nationalities in four polyethnic Siberian republics (Altai, Tyva, Khakassia, Yakutia). The material was gathered from the data of the ethnosociological research conducted by a group of scientists from the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the RAS in 2000-2010.The paper establishes the topicality of ethnic identity alongside nationwide (civil) identity as a major condition for Russia's well-being. It also unravels the specific of youth identity strategies in the republics depending on their particular ethnic group. It analyses the identity strategies in the gender aspect, as well as the answers breakdown by the older reference group of respondents in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic with the aim of comparative evaluation of the extent to which different types of identity are expressed.The identity type expressed to the greatest extent is nationwide (the number of people who do not consider this type of identity to be important is 7 per cent or lower in each republic). Other identity types are quite popular with young people as well; however, they are expressed to a lesser extent. The exception is Tyva, where the regional and ethnic identity nearly equal nationwide in importance. A fairly balanced structure of the identity matrix of young people is also noted. It is expressed in a moderate extent of the urgency of ethnic, macroregional, and regional identity, with the overall dominance of nationwide. A special emphasis is placed on the conflict-free coexistence of ethnic and nationwide identities in the mass consciousness of the people living in the republics.The conclusion is drawn as follows: the comparative well-being of the ethnosocial situation in the republics under research is reached, among other things, by means of the balance of different identity types. It sets important preconditions for optimal development of the regional interethnic communities within the united Russian state. It is shown that the social identity types in question do not contradict one another in their bearers' consciousness, and the harmonious development of the regions under study is possible on the basis of their simultaneous positive stimulation. This appears to be an important political task for the modern sociocultural reality of Russia. ; В статье дается характеристика состояния общенациональной и этнической идентичностей в их соотношении как между собой, так и с региональным и макрорегиональным видами идентичности у молодежи разных национальностей в четырех полиэтничных республиках Сибири (Алтай, Тува, Хакасия, Якутия). Материалом выступили данные этносоциологических исследований коллектива ученых Института философии и права СО РАН в 2000–2010 гг.Зафиксирована актуальность этнической идентичности наряду с общенациональной (гражданской) идентичностью как важного условия благополучного развития России. Выявлена специфика идентификационных стратегий молодежи в республиках в зависимости от принадлежности к конкретной этнической группе. Проведен анализ идентификационных стратегий в гендерном аспекте, а также анализ распределений ответов контрольной группы респондентов более старших возрастов в Республике Саха (Якутия) с целью сравнительной оценки степени выраженности разных видов идентичности.В большей степени выраженным видом идентичности является общенациональная (число тех, для кого этот вид идентичности не является важным, не превышало 7% в каждой из республик). Другие виды идентичности также достаточно востребованы среди молодежи, хотя и выражены в несколько меньшей степени. Исключение составляет Тува, где региональная и этническая идентичности по значимости практически совпадают с общенациональной. Отмечается достаточно сбалансированная структура идентификационной матрицы молодежи. Она выражается в умеренной степени актуальности этнической, макрорегиональной и региональной идентичности при общем доминировании общенациональной. Особо акцентируется бесконфликтное сосуществование этнической и общенациональной идентичностей в массовом сознании жителей республик.Сделан вывод, что относительное благополучие этносоциальной ситуации и межэтнических отношений в исследуемых республиках достигается, в том числе, благодаря наличию баланса разных видов идентичностей. Это создает важные предпосылки оптимального развития региональных межэтнических сообществ в рамках единого Российского государства. Показано, что рассматриваемые виды социальной идентичности не противоречат друг другу в сознании их носителей, а гармоничное развитие межэтнических сообществ исследуемых регионов возможно на основе их одновременного позитивного стимулирования, что представляется важной для современной социокультурной действительности Российской Федерации политической задачей.

Is legal reasoning rationally persuasive, working within a discernible structure and using recognisable kinds of arguments? Does it belong to rhetoric in this sense, or to the domain of the merely 'rhetorical' in an adversative sense? Neil MacCormick tackles these questions to provide a comparative analysis of legal reasoning.

"This volume offers a unique perspective on the discussion of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by broadening the terms of the debate to include both secular and religious viewpoints not normally considered. Contributors represent the following diverse ethical traditions: Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, feminism, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, liberalism, natural law, pacifism, and realism. The two introductory chapters outline the technical aspects of WMD and international agreements for controlling WMD. A concluding essay compares the different ethical traditions." "By far the most comprehensive survey of moral perspectives on WMD, this volume should be of particular interest to professionals and students in political science, philosophy, religious studies, and international law."--Jacket

As a step towards a systematic comparative evaluation of the fairness of different language policies, a rationale is presented for the design of an index of linguistic justice based on public policy analysis. The approach taken is to define a 'minimum threshold of linguistic justice' with respect to government language policy in three domains: law and order, public administration, and essential services. A hypothetical situation of pure equality and freedom in the choice of language used by all members of society in communicating with the state is used as a theoretical benchmark to study the distributive effects of policy alternatives. Departures from this standard incur lower scores. Indicators are chosen to assess effective access to three kinds of language rights: toleration (the lack of state interference in private language choices), accommodation (accessibility of public services in different languages), and compensation (symbolic and practical recognition of languages outside the dominant one). In order to take account of the cost-benefit trade-offs involved in providing language-related goods to language groups of varying sizes, a method is adopted for weighting scores with respect to compensation rights so that lack of recognition for larger groups incurs greater penalties, while factoring in the particular characteristics of each language-related good. A trial set of ten indicators illustrates the compromises entailed in balancing theoretical rigour with empirical feasibility.

Originally published in 1936, this book provides an accurate and critical analysis of government in the Irish Free State, its principles, structure, philosophy and direction. It discusses clearly and impartially not only the failure of the Treaty settlement but also the electoral system, the legislature, the increase of executive power and the growth of administrative law and justice.

The article analyses the interviewer effect on the data of three public opinion surveys on political attitudes of the population conducted in Lithuania. The study discusses why in international comparative studies Lithuania stands out for its extremely high interviewer effect, which raises serious doubts about the reliability and suitability of the data for analysis. The article, first, reviews the reasons for the interviewer effect and the methods of its measurement and, second, presents the results of multilevel modelling. The analysis of surveys conducted by three different public opinion research agencies reveals that the interviewer effect varies significantly depending on the research agency. The hypotheses on the differences in the interviewer effect related to the nature of the questions were not confirmed, but it was found that the interviewer effect was greater on more abstract and complex questions. In the conclusions, the recommendations for researchers working with surveys on how to control the interviewer effect are provided.

The study aims to evaluate population income differentiation in the regions of Lithuania. The important question is about the development opportunities of the middle class regarding regional differences. The assessment of territorial differentiation of income is based on the indicators of disposable labour income and wages. Formally, the priority must be given to the disposable income indicator, hence the assessment of wage differentiation and comparison of these two indicators using a comparative analysis method enable a better understanding of the social meaning behind the observed differences because business income influences regional disparities of income per capita. The study evaluates changes in the regional differences of wages and general structural disparities of wages in the country with the development possibilities of middle class formation. The research includes a local and geographical variation of disposable labour income and a comparison of relational indicators representing population well-being by regions.

This volume of 23 previously unpublished essays explores the relationship between the philosophy of J.G. Fichte and that of other leading thinkers associated with German Idealism and the early Romantic movement. Several papers explore the broader question of Fichte's relationship and contribution to "German idealism" and "German romanticism" in general, while others offer comparative studies of the relationship between Fichte's writings and those of Leibniz, Kant, Schelling, Hegel, Friedrich Schlegel, Novalis, Schleiermacher, and Wilhelm von Humboldt. Taken collectively, this set of essays pro

Kant in Brazil is a collected volume of essays conceived at the 2005 International Kant Congress in Sao Paulo as a way to make accessible to Anglophone Kant scholars some of the best work on Kant produced by Brazilian scholars. The availability of this material in English for the first time will promote interaction between North American and Brazilian scholars as well as enable Anglophone readers worldwide to incorporate excellent but previously neglected work into their own debates about Kant. The book contains an editor's introduction providing an overview of the institutional structure of Kant studies in Brazil. The essays that follow, translated from Portuguese, include a survey of the history of Kant studies in Brazil over the past two centuries as well as interpretive essays that span the corpus of Kant's work in theoretical philosophy, ethics, political philosophy, history, aesthetics, and teleology. Various styles of philosophy are put into practice as well: analytical, philological, reflective, comparative, displaying the broad and diverse nature of Brazilian philosophy. Frederick Rauscher is associate professor of philosophy at Michigan State University. Daniel Omar Perez is professor of philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Brazil