Suchergebnisse

In Indonesian educational institutions, religious education, including Christian Religious Education, must be taught to all students and Christian students. However, most students today focus on developing scientific competencies in a particular field rather than general compulsory learning such as Christian Religious Education. The objectives include determining the significance of Christian Religious Education in universities and the role and impact of education on student life at the Manado State Polytechnic. This research concluded that Christian Religious Education must still be taught in all universities because it has a vital role in the growth of intellectual, spiritual, moral, and social students.

April 5, 1994. ; Also issued as author's thesis (M.S.) -- Colorado State University, 1994. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; With the onset of increased scientific interest in cloud-effects on climate and the need of cirrus forecasts to support military operations and the aviation industry has come the need to develop more credible microphysical parameterizations of the ice transfer processes occurring in cirrus clouds. Herein a parameterization is developed for the transfer between two defined categories of ice; pristine ice (which grows by vapor deposition only and is constrained to have mean diameters less than 125 μm) and snow (resulting from the direct conversion of pristine ice). Each category is assumed to conform to a generalized gamma distribution function, with variations in ice crystal habits allowed. Analytical transfer equations for the flux of number concentration and mass between the pristine ice and snow categories during ice supersaturated and subsaturated atmospheric regimes are derived. A parameterization of ice number concentration loss from each of these distributions during sublimation is also described. These parameterizations are tested in a one-dimensional Lagrangian parcel model for ice supersaturated ascents and ice subsaturated decents. These tests allow analysis of the parameterizations during variations in physical parameters such as the shape of assumed distributions and the ice crystal habit. It is shown that variations in both of these parameters have large impacts on the evolution of the distributions. These results show similarities to other modeling efforts. The ice parameterizations are implemented into the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) developed at CSU and two-dimensional sensitivity tests are conducted using observations from the November 26, 1991 FIRE II cirrus case. Tests of the model using rosette crystals and exponential distribution shapes showed the flexibility of the RAMS model in simulating these systems. The RAMS results compared favorably with ...