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Considers the matters which can properly be devolved to consultants; and what criteria should be applied in choosing consultants. The approach suggests relevant considerations in the first case and guidelines in the second. (SJK)

This title was first published in 2003:The advent of the Labour government in 1997 provoked major change in the political landscape of the UK. Priorities changed and different themes moved to the top of the agenda such as local democracy, community, transparency, sustainability and co-ordinated or 'joined-up' thinking. Many of the new priorities, such as community empowerment, involved a reappraisal of the purpose and procedures of planning, while others changed the legislative and institutional frame within which planning operated. This indispensable volume traces and analyzes the implications for planning created by this political shift. Presenting an overview of the general debates on contemporary UK planning, the book proceeds to identify four major areas as key themes for planning in the third millennium. These are: the new institutional context; ensuring social inclusion and participation; promoting sustainability; and the debate over building at higher densities on Brownfield sites. Illustrated with in-depth case studies, the book provides a timely and important examination of the current state of planning in the UK and suggests best-case scenarios for the future.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Executive Summary -- 1.1 Features of the Book -- 1.2 Structure of the Book -- 1.3 Contributions of the Book -- 1.4 Notes on the Book -- 1.4.1 Geographical Units and Data for Analysis -- 1.4.2 Approaches for Analysis -- 1.4.3 On Regional Hierarchy -- Appendix: Japan´s National Land Plan -- References -- Part I: Regional Economic Structure and Productivity -- Chapter 2: Regional Economic Structure in Japan -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Regional Economic Structure -- 2.3 Theories on Regional Disparities -- 2.4 Determinants of Economic Catching Up -- 2.4.1 Social Overhead Capital -- 2.4.2 Industrial Structure -- 2.4.3 Fiscal Transfer -- 2.5 Conclusions -- Appendix 1: Measurement of the Mono-/Polycentricity of Japan´s National Land Structure -- Appendix 2: Conventional Theories on Regional Economic Disparities -- Neoclassical Theory -- Cumulative Causation Theory -- Appendix 3: Active Job Openings to Applicants Ratio by Prefecture -- References -- Chapter 3: Regional Productivity and Convergence -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Total Factor Productivity -- 3.2.1 Methods of Measurement -- 3.2.2 Data -- 3.2.3 Measurement Results -- 3.3 Statistical Test on Regional Convergence -- 3.3.1 Stochastic Convergence Model -- 3.3.2 Panel Unit Root Test -- 3.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Regional Productivity and Determinants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Methods -- 4.2.1 Stochastic Frontier Model of the TFP Index -- 4.2.2 Data -- 4.3 Results and Discussion -- 4.4 Conclusions -- References -- Part II: Inter-regional Network Economies -- Chapter 5: Inter-regional Networks and Productivity Dynamics -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Concept of Inter-regional Network Economies -- 5.3 Methods -- 5.3.1 Partial Adjustment Model of TFP Index -- 5.3.2 Data -- 5.4 Results and Discussion -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References.

A major new reference work measuring the political authority of regions in 81 countries in North America, Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Pacific from 1950 to 2010, providing an introduction to measurement in the social sciences.

Regionalparks, Grüne Ringe und andere regionale Freiraumkonzepte dienen einem landschaftsorientierten Regionalmanagement in Stadtregionen. Sie werden mittels projektorientierter und kooperativer Verfahren umgesetzt, wobei die vernetzten Maßnahmen den Schutz der Freiräume durch Nutzung und ästehtische Qualifierung bezwecken sollen. Damit ergänzen sie formelle Instrumente der Regionalplanung.