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During the last year's social media had an important impact on the political discourse and the communication within the society. Especially social networks are getting used more and more in the political context. However, the studies conducted have been polarized into two social networks (Facebook and Twitter), leaving aside other platforms that have characteristics and elements required to be used in this field. As is the case with LinkedIn, a professional sophisticated network with 610 million users in the world. Because of this great number, this investigation is about the network LinkedIn and its potential use in political communication. Through a descriptive methodology with the quantitative technique, an analysis sheet has been prepared with dimensions and levels based on the characteristics of the network and through qualitative techniques with physical and online interviews, this work will try to demonstrate its operation and His political role. ; En los últimos años los medios digitales están teniendo un impacto importante en el discurso político y en la comunicación en la sociedad. En particular, las redes sociales se utilizan cada vez más en el contexto político. Sin embargo, los estudios realizados se han concentrado en dos redes sociales, Twitter y Facebook, dejando de lado otras plataformas que tienen características y elementos necesarios para ser utilizadas en dicho ámbito, como es el caso de LinkedIn, una red social con más de 610 millones de usuarios en el mundo. Es por ello que en esta investigación la línea de análisis se centra en LinkedIn y su potencial uso en la comunicación política. A través de una metodología descriptiva, con la técnica cuantitativa, se ha elaborado una ficha de análisis con dimensiones y niveles basados en las características propias de la red; y a través de técnicas cualitativas, con entrevistas físicas y on-line, este trabajo tratará de demostrar su funcionamiento y su papel político.

Historical activity around persistent online game environments such as EVE Online and EverQuest is significant and ongoing, particularly as these games age. A wide range of attempts have been made to capture and concentrate tales of those experiences which players have considered significant. Yet as with all historical work, attempts to curate and represent the history of a community are political and often contested. Projects can be compromised by competing interests and by differing perceptions of what does or does not 'count' as history. The distinctions made in this online historical work evoke the debates of contemporary public history: issues of ownership, power and acceptability are central, and the outputs of this historical activity are varied, constituting a short forum thread collecting player reminiscences in one instance, for example, compared with a book-length piece of self-consciously historical writing in another. Yet they also parallel debates within the space of fan studies. This chapter discusses the tension between fandom and history that exists in player communities by examining fanworks as forms of historical work.

학위논문(박사)--서울대학교 대학원 :자연과학대학 물리학과,2013. 8. 강병남. ; In this thesis, we study three different systems in relations with social phenomena. Two of them are empirical studies on social networks and the other one is a model of self-organized criticality. In Chapter 1, we introduce recent attention of physicists on social phenomena. In Chapter 2, we study time evolution of coauthorship networks. Coauthorship network is a kind of social network of scientific communities. The study contains the first observation and analysis of early stage of social network evolution. In Chapter 3, we study bipartite network of legislators and their followers in Twitter. It reveals a gap between the real ideological positions of legislators and perceived ones by Twitter users. It also shows political biases of Twitter users who follow legislators. The study is an example of the methods based on objective behavior of individuals that overcomes shortcomings of survey based methods. In Chapter 4, we study the Drossel-Schwabl forest fire model on scale-free networks. The model can be a simple model of social crisis such as financial crisis. It was proposed as a non-conservative model of self-organized criticality but has been shown that its scaling behavior is suspicious. However, the model running on scale-free networks shows unexpected scaling behavior. ; Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Complete trails of evolution of coauthorship networks . . . . 5 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2.2 Empirical data and construction of networks . . . . . . . . . 9 2.3 Large scale evolution and structural properties . . . . . . . . 10 2.4 Fractal structure of the giant component . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2.5 Microscopic link dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.6 Effect of link degradation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2.7 Network evolution model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.8 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3. Ideological landscapes on bipartite network in social media . 39 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 3.2 Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3.3 Classical MDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.4 MDS results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 3.5 Twitter vs. roll call . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 iii3.6 Ideological spectrum of the Twitter users . . . . . . . . . . . 53 3.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4. Forest fire model on SF networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 4.2 Definition of the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4.3 Two distinct regions of fire size distribution . . . . . . . . . 61 4.4 Finite size scaling for large fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 4.5 Scaling relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 4.6 Discussions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 4.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5. Concluding remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Appendix A. Branching process approach for Boolean bipartite networks of metabolic reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 A.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 A.2 Boolean cascade model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 A.3 Branching process approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 A.4 Power-law degree distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 A.5 Numerical simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 A.6 Real-world metabolic networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 A.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 ivAbstract in Korean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 ; Doctor

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This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Territory, Politics, Governance on 16 July 2014, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/21622671.2014.912150. ; This paper presents an alternative reading of the evolution of the territorialization of state authority and security alliances in Africa's Great Lakes Region from that provided by Radil and Flint (2013). Rather than a general transformation in the direction of more territorially centralized states, patterns of state authority have remained variegated in the post-Cold War era, with continuing fracturing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is argued that Radil and Flint's differing interpretation stems from an inappropriate application of social network analysis (SNA) to a context characterized by profound divergences between de facto and de jure phenomena and patchy data availability. These observations suggest scepticism regarding the extent to which SNA can help overcome the epistemological rifts that divide studies on the geography of politics.

Politicians interact with each other in polarized and partisan ways when they correspond on social media. Meanwhile, local governments share more substantive information about their service delivery efforts. Mayors operate in both spaces simultaneously (i.e., politics and administration), yet little has been reported about how they balance these positions online. This article examines (1) the extent to which mayors who govern the 100 largest U.S. cities form ties with each other, (2) the messages they create, and (3) the factors that influence their associations. Content analysis identifies common message types, including favorable presentation, symbolic acts, and political positioning statements. Results from quadratic assignment procedure indicate mayors form ties with high-profile counterparts from the same political party who represent larger cities and possess more followers (i.e., more popular accounts). The findings suggest tie formation has less to do with the exchange of best practices—as in policy networks—and more to do with self-promotion and political marketing to constituents at home.

This book combines the human development approach and innovation economics in order to explore the effects that structural economic change has on human development. The author discusses how innovation, social networks, economic dynamics and human development are interlinked, and provides several practical examples of social and micro-entrepreneurship in contexts as diverse as Peruvian rural villages and Brazil's urban areas

Findings reveal the lack of a longitudinal pattern in crime coverage, an emphasis on the more dramatic early stages of the criminal justice process, greater media attention to common crime, and a basic 'sameness' in the way the different networks present the news. (Abstract amended)

This article explores the daily activity of the cyberfeminist communities in Spain from the study of social media as spaces for identity formation and repertoires of political action. Starting from the analytical framework of social movements, cyberfeminism and its relationship with technologies, the article tries to understand the use of digital spaces for collective action. From the foundations of virtual ethnography, four reference communities on Facebook are analyzed (according to institutionality and existence of offline base) to assess how discourses against gender violence are articulated, as well as the participation and groupings that coexist in these platforms. As a result, six different effects are identified in the communication of these digital groups, concluding that their deliberative dimension regarding gender violence is scarce and insufficient in the era of Web 2.0. ; Este artículo indaga en la actividad diaria de las comunidades ciberfeministas en España a partir del estudio de los medios sociales como espacios de conformación de identidad y repertorios de acción política. Partiendo del marco analítico de los movimientos sociales, el ciberfeminismo y su relación con las tecnologías, el artículo intenta comprender el uso de espacios digitales para la acción colectiva. Desde los fundamentos de la etnografía virtual, se analizan cuatro comunidades de referencia en Facebook (según institucionalidad y existencia de base offline) para valorar cómo se articulan los discursos contra la violencia de género, así como la participación y la grupalidad que coexisten en dicha plataforma. Como resultado, se identifican seis efectos distintos en la comunicación de dichos grupos digitales concluyendo que su dimensión deliberativa en torno a la violencia de género es escasa e insuficiente en plena era de la Web 2.0.

Musical activity in contemporary societies clusters in distinct 'music worlds', centred on such factors as style and/or locality. A number of studies have analysed these music worlds as networks of participants, linked in a variety of ways. This is useful but only captures some aspects of music worlds, neglecting others. In this article I introduce the concept of 'event networks' as a complement which allows us to capture much that 'participant networks' exclude. An event network is a sequence of events, such as gigs, certain pairs of which are linked by a flow of both participants (e.g. artists, audience members and support personnel) and the various resources and (evolving) conventions those participants carry with them. It forms an important part of the social structure of a music world and we can analyse it, empirically, using social network analysis (SNA). In the first part of the article I elaborate theoretically upon the concept of event networks and its significance in relation to music worlds. In the second part I develop this via an illustrative analysis of an empirical event network. The purpose of this analysis is to stimulate further discussion of event networks, of the interpretation of their properties and of possibilities for future analyses.

AbstractMaximizing student engagement and learning in online courses is critical. The purpose of this study was to determine the nature of how and why graduate-level online students chose learning strategies and how it impacted their perceived levels of engagement. The researchers offered students four strategies for learning content. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected across four quarters. Findings summarized students' perceptions of their learning and engagement when given a choice on how to engage in the content. Most participants chose asynchronous methods for learning the content, citing time constraints as the primary reason for not choosing synchronous methods of learning. When participants had autonomy to learn content and engage with others in a manner they deemed useful, they better understood the content and remained highly engaged in course activities. Participants who chose to interact with the content asynchronously also remained highly engaged.
Graphical Abstract

The Online Travel Booking Services is the modern way of attracting people for the tourism industry. The tourism has become so easy because of this service and there are lots of improvements needed for this industry as whole. There are OTBS functions even for middle class people or salaried person who cannot afford costlier services. So there are few online tourist websites which provide quality service at a cheaper cost which is a great advantage for middle class people. This would increase the revenue of the tourism industry which is in turn an advantage for the government. The more detailed and beautiful websites attracts more tourists as they have a glimpse of what is available in the place and all the details about their travel. So our government should take keen action on developing more services regarding to OTBS which is the future of tourism industry.

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki online alışveriş sitesi kullanıcı algılarının
müşteri güven ve sadakati üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Literatür
kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenerek müşteri güven ve sadakatini etkileyen müşteri
algıları belirlenmiş ve bir kuramsal model önerilmiştir. Çalışma grubu
Ankara'daki bir devlet üniversitesinin eğitim fakültesinde 2015-2016 öğretim
yılı bahar döneminde öğrenim gören 553 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler 32
maddeden oluşan ölçek ile toplanmıştır. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA)
teknikleri kullanılarak modelin uygunluğu test edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda online müşteri
algılarından kontrol, değer, fayda ve risk algılarının online müşteri güveni
üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı etkileri olduğu görülürken online
alışveriş öz-yeterlilik ve kişiselleştirme algılarının müşteri güveni üzerinde
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisinin bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Online müşteri güveni müşteri sadakati
üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif etkiye sahip olup müşteri
algıları ile müşteri sadakati arasında aracı bir rol üstlendiği tespit
edilmiştir. Kuramsal modelle bulgular ilgili literatür ile karşılaştırılarak araştırmacılar ile online
alışveriş sitelerine yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.