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This article reviews the current sentencing regime for the crime of murder in Canada with a view to identifying its shortcomings and suggesting possibilities for improvement. The article argues that the existing classification of murder into first- and second-degree, and the harsh periods of parole ineligibility attached to a murder conviction should both be abolished. The author argues for a compromise position, which would maintain the important distinction between manslaughter and murder and yet allow sufficient flexibility for trial judges to ensure that sentences for murder, as with other crimes, can be tailored to fit the crime.

"Knowledge willforever govern ignorance; and if a people would govern themselves, theymustfirst arm themselves with the power that knowledge brings."James Madison (4th President of the United States, and credited with being the primary author of the U.S. Constitution)The founding fathers of the U.S. Constitution had an abiding faith in the power that knowledge bestows. The notion that "knowledge is power" dates back to the teachings of philosophers (from Bacon to Nietzsche), and was understood and practiced long before that by statesmen, scoundrels, and spies of all ages. The ancient Chinese ruled for millennia by maintaining a monopoly on knowledge and education.

This paper examines the phenomenon of forced marriage and how the international law on diplomatic protection and domestic citizenship laws interact to prevent young women from receiving help because of their status as dual nationals. The evolution of international law and the rise of human rights are considered, the author contesting international rules preventing the United Kingdom from attempting to assist its nationals who are abducted to South Asia for the purposes of forced marriage. This paper demonstrates how in complex situations involving power, gender, culture and politics, law is better understood as a struggle over meaning than as a stated rule of practice.

Government debt markets in the developing economies are generally less liquid than in developed ones. There are many fewer liquid on the run securities. Yield curve estimation must therefore include illiquid securities in the data set. Pooling liquid and illiquid securities to estimate the term structure leads to errors in the estimation methodology. The author suggests a method to circumvent this problem, proposing the use of liquidity-weighted objective functions for parameter estimation. The liquidity of individual securities is modeled using observable quantities like number and volume of trades in a security. The model is demonstrated using data from the Indian government bond market.

Nach einem Überblick der wirtschaftlichen Lage in der Osttürkei, erstellt der Autor eine empirische Analyse der öffentlichen Ausgaben in sowie Einnahmen aus der Region, der Erträge aus den natürlichen Ressourcen der Region für die gesamte Türkei und des Marktumfangs der Region für die im Westen der Türkei gelegenen Industrien. Anhand der Analyse widerlegt der Autor die v.a. von kurdischer Seite vertretene Annahme, dass die Osttürkei als interne Kolonie der Türkei vom Staat wirtschaftlich ausgebeutet wird. (DÜI-Mjr)

The author discusses certain aspects of the US political process, as reflected in two post-WWII books: Inside USA, by John Gunther (Harper, 1947), & Southern Politics in State and Nation, by V. O. Key Jr. (Knopf, 1950). The article addresses eight features of the presidential selection process: frontloading, or the strategic timing of state delegate selection events; momentum, or the effect of early results in framing later decisions; the news media as an interest group; party composition & base; what voters learn from campaigns; voter mobilization & mind-changing; standing decisions vs new evaluations; & factional mobilization vs coalition building. 57 References. J. R. Callahan

The article examines the controversy surrounding Ana Pauker, Romanian Stalinist & Jew, & discusses the role anti-Semitism may have played in her ultimate political purge & isolation orchestrated by the Kremlin in 1952. Also explored are the origins of Jewish participation in communism & Stalinism & the ascent of official anti-Semitic, anti-Zionist ideologies in the Soviet Communist Party, both of which affected Pauker's political fortunes. Yet the author concludes that Pauker's fall from grace & removal from her position of power in the Romanian Communist Party was due as much to swelling anti-Sovietism in Bucharest & her own political miscalculations as it was to anti-Semitism. K. Coddon

National identity is everywhere constructed through a process of negotiation with other categories of identity—local, regional, class, confessional, and gender. In borderlands, however, there is another element in this negotiation process—the sharing of public space with another national group, an element that further complicates identity formation. Here categories can change and/or function differently than in the interior of a country. In many respects, the construction of Germanness in the province of Poznania [German: Posen; Polish: Poznań] proceeded along similar lines as in the rest of the German Empire. German nationalists, both in the eastern provinces and in the rest of the Reich, produced publications and organized lectures about and celebrations of German history and German culture in an effort to mobilize national loyalties in support of policies that would consolidate Germandom both within and without. However, the presence of a Polish challenge in Poznania—the defining problem of the province—complicated constructions of German national identity.

This article addresses the commemoration of the German Revolution of 1848 & lays open fundamental differences between the several parties that took place in it & how they saw the outcome. The author further discusses several aspects of the commemoration, eg, cultural expositions, old press releases, & historical interpretations. For the latter he goes into more detail, emphasizing specific questions as well as identifying specific regions. He ends with an account of the counterrevolution & concludes that most of the people today do not really know what to do with the legacy of 1848 even though they hang on to it. S. Schieszler

This article discusses the methods for analyzing concepts in international relations such as hegemony & globalization through an analysis of the work of Antonio Gramsci from the 1930s. The article utilizes the methodologies employed in Gramsci's work by examining how he was able to recognize a change in the state of his nation's political agenda & remain relevant to his times. The author discusses how the ideas prevalent in Gramsci's work can be applied to current arguments regarding hegemony & globalization, namely that countries which succumb to the influence of more powerful nations do so out of necessity growing from a lack of some aspect of their lives. E. Miller

Discusses political, economic and social situation; historical ethnic conflict, state formation, reunion of Somalia with Somaliland in Aug. 2000, peace, governance, and other issues.