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Статья посвящена служебным взаимоотношениям чинов губернских жандармских управлений и охранных отделений после революционных событий 1905 г. В 1906–1907 гг. Министерство внутренних дел, исходя из опыта работы в условиях революционного кризиса, пыталось усовершенствовать систему учреждений политического розыска, повысить действенность ее работы. На основе архивных документов, хранящихся в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации, анализируются эпизоды из службы А.П. Мартынова в Саратовском охранном отделении. Особое внимание уделяется корпоративной культуре и взаимоотношениям жандармских офицеров между собой, а также с руководящими учреждениями – Департаментом полиции и Штабом Отдельного корпуса жандармов. Делается вывод, что традиционный бюрократизм и дворянские предрассудки привели к обострению соперничества и конфликтности в среде жандармского офицерства, что помешало повысить действенность работы тайной политической полиции Российской империи. ; The article deals with the official relations among officers of Province Gendarme Departments and Security Departments after the revolutionary events of 1905. In 1906–1907 the Ministry of Internal Affairs taking into account the work experience in the conditions of the revolutionary crisis tried to improve the structure of political investigation bodies and raise their efficiency. Referring to archival documents from the State Archives of the Russian Federation the author analyses episodes from A.P. Martynov's work in the Saratov Security Department. A special attention is paid to the corporate culture and relations among gendarme officers, as well as with the above departments – the Police Department and the Headquarters of Separate Gendarme Corps. The author arrives at the conclusion that it was traditional bureaucracy and aristocracy's prejudices that sharpened the competition and conflicts among gendarme officers, which derailed the efforts to make the work of secret political police of the Russian Empire more efficient.

В биографическом очерке рассматриваются основные вехи жизненного пути русского интеллигента Николая Павловича Окулова, депутата II Государственной думы Российской империи от города Царицына. Очерк написан на основе ранее неизвестных документов политической полиции Российской империи и советских органов государственной безопасности. Главное внимание уделяется процессу превращения Н.П. Окулова из провинциального учителя, который увлекся революционной пропагандой в среде неимущего городского населения, в политика демократических взглядов и общероссийского масштаба. Как показано в очерке, успехи и неудачи общественной деятельности Н.П. Окулова были предопределены социальной и политической ситуацией в России в начале XX в. Впервые раскрываются обстоятельства возникновения «дела» по обвинению Н.П. Окулова в «антисоветской агитации», описываются ход следствия и суда в 1938 г. ; This biographical study traces the key stages in the life of Nikolai Pavlovich Okulov who belonged to the Russian intelligentsia and was deputy of the Second State Duma for the town of Tsarizyn. In writing this profile the author resorted to previously unknown documents from the political police of the Russian Empire and the archives of the former Soviet state security. The emphasis is made on N.P. Okulov's transformation from a provincial teacher who would propagate revolutionary ideas among the city's poorest population into a politician of national scale with broad democratic views. The author underlines that both his success and failures in his public career were predetermined by the social and political situation in Russia at the beginning of the XX century. The circumstances of filing a case against N.P. Okulov on the charge of "antiSoviet propaganda" and the course of investigation and trial in 1938 are being disclosed and presented for the first time.

Правоохранительная деятельность полиции в отношении гражданства осуществлялась в Российской империи не в полной мере. В статье рассматриваются основные нововведения в нормативно-правовых актах центрального правительства, направленных на регламентацию деятельности городской полиции. Источниками исследования послужили неопубликованные архивные материалы государственного архива Республики Бурятия и опубликованные законодательные акты, которые в целом составляют нормативную базу деятельности органов полиции города Верхнеудинска. Основные документы, рассмотренные в статье, позволяют определить правовое положение органов полиции, их функции, штат, структуру, подчиненность, ответственность за свою деятельность. Анализ функциональных обязанностей городской полиции и коменданта подвел автора к выводу об общей подчиненности полиции интересам государства, несмотря на то, что содержание ее относилось на счет городского населения. ; The modern concept of the law enforcement of the police activities in relation to citizenship in the Russian empire didn't fully perform. Considering the basic legal regulations of the central government aimed at regulating the activities of the Metropolitan Police, the author describes the innovations introduced by them. The sources of the research were unpublished archival materials of State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and published legislation Acts which generally constitute the regulatory framework of the police activities in Verkhneudinsk. The key documents discussed in the article allow us to determine the legal status of the police departments, their functions, personnel, structure, subordination, responsibility for their activities. The analysis of the functional responsibilities of the city police and commandant led the author to the conclusion that the total subordination of the police to the state interests, despite the fact that its maintenance was regarded to the account of the urban population.

В статье на основе анализа тематической направленности выпусков журнала, «географии» авторов, количества статей специалистов высших научных квалификаций, статистики посещений сайта журнала представлены характеристики журнала «Проблемы развития территории» по состоянию на конец 2014 года. Проведен качественный анализ выпусков издания, обозначена взаимосвязь между ключевыми событиями социально-экономической и политической сфер жизни общества и наиболее частотными темами состоявшихся в 2014 году публикаций в журнале, сделаны выводы о расширении «географии» авторов журнала, о сохраняющемся значительном количестве публикаций кандидатов и докторов наук, о росте интереса пользователей сети Интернет к сайту издания. В целях реализации выбранного курса развития журнала определены соответствующие приоритеты и ориентировочные целевые показатели на среднесрочную перспективу. ; According to the analysis of the thematic scope of the journal's issues, "geography" of authors, number of articles from the specialists of the highest scientific skills, and due topage views statistics of the journal's website, the article presents characteristics of the journal "Problems of territory's development" as of the end of 2014. The author conducts the qualitative analysis of the journal's issues and outlines the interconnection between the key events of the socio-economic and political life spheres of the society and the most frequent topics of publications appeared in the journal in 2014. The researcher makes the conclusions about the enlargement of "geography" of authors, the remaining significant amount of publications from Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, and the growth of the Internet users' interest in the journal's website. In order to implement the selected course of the journal's development, the author determines the corresponding priorities and approximate target indicators in the midterm.

Russia has a vested political interest in the Eastern Baltics; yet acting upon this interest is made either difficult or altogether impossible when it comes to the Baltic States. For 20 years, the Russian Federation has been actively promoting a model of mutually beneficial co-operation. The anti-Russian discourse of the Baltic States' political elites — driven by their own wish to maintain their political monopoly — halts most of co-operation efforts. It is time to accept that the previous model of co-operation with the Baltic States is now irrelevant, since these states now form the avant-garde of anti-Russian movement; whether they will — or, indeed, shall — be held accountable for that is another question that bears answering. for which they should certainly be held accountable. The author of this article believes that the current model is unprecedented and failing, so it is unwise to speak of its continuing long-term application. The aim of this study is to draw some conclusions on the 25 years of interg overnmental relations between Russia and the Baltic States. The author uses a number of cross-disciplinary methods and relies heavily on the method of historical analysis. It is concluded that there are reasons rendering mutual co-operation impossible — however beneficial such co-operation may seem. Conservation of the current political system will inevitably lead to economic stagnation in the Baltic States. If external pressures continue to rise and the relations with Russia continue to deteriorate, the destruction of economic and political systems of the neighboring states may become a reality.

In this article the author examines Heidegger?s understanding of the
phenomenological method and scrutinizes the coherence of its application in
Being and Time (Sein und Zeit, 1927). The explication of the method is
elaborated by focusing on Heidegger?s critique of Husserl and a comparative
analysis between Heidegger and Hegel, emphasizing aspects of their
respective methods that they have in common and showing the differences. On
this basis a critique of Being and Time is developed from the methodological
point of view. The most important insight of this insistence on the
consistency of the application of the phenomenological method in Being and
Time would result in the analytical demarcations between the hermeneutics of
facticity - as a procedure of individual self-interpretation of the everyday
Dasein, existential analytics - as a philosophical reflection aiming at the
universal conditions and limits of Dasein?s hermeneutic of facticity, and
the fundamental ontology - as a basis for constructing the philosophical
ontology that can address the being as such and its meaning. As it is well
known, such distinctions are not present in Heidegger?s work and author
argues that this is consequence of the inconsistent application of his
proposed method. This is the main strategic weakness inherent in Being and
Time as a Heidegger?s central work. Furthermore, the article demonstrates
that the conception of the phenomenological method as conceptualized by
Heidegger leads directly to considerations that would become known only
after 1930, that is after the turn (Kehre), as the domain of Heidegger II,
which represent investigations into the history of being, and the Event
(Ereignis) in the sense of the self-discovery of being.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a framework that uses complexity as a means of better understanding the role that case studies can play in the classroom and in building bridges between research and practice.Design/methodology/approach– The paper synthesizes complexity theory and the practical classroom and case writing experiences of the author into a framework.Findings– A narrow view of the impact of case studies severely limits their widespread adoption. Rather than treating a case study as a document of very limited value to an academic career, the author needs to recognize their role in building relationships between research and practice. Through these relationships, opportunities for students and two-way flows of knowledge between academia and practice can be achieved.Research limitations/implications– The framework developed assumes that domain of study is complex – involving many interacting elements taking place in a context where an objectively "right" or "best" answer is unlikely to be realized. It is less clear that it is applicable to situations where optimal procedures are available and can be taught or learned.Practical implications– A key implication of the framework is that separating the use of case studies in the classroom (i.e. case facilitation) from the development of case studies in the field (i.e. case writing) can greatly diminish their value.Social implications– The proposed framework argues for greater interaction between the academic and practitioner communities.Originality/value– The paper offers a comprehensive perspective on cases that is rarely expressed. It should be of particular value to faculty and administrators seeking to justify the development and use of case studies.

Purpose– The perpose of this paper is to analyse recent changes in the management of French public hospitals, following a reform enacted in 2009 and aimed at bolstering the managerial roles of doctors.Design/methodology/approach– The paper is exploratory and is based on both the analysis of French literature dealing with the results of the 2009 reform, and ten semi-directed interviews with clinical managers and top leaders in the public hospital sector.Findings– The author reports on the major hospital management reforms of 2009 and analyse the implications for the medical profession and management. The author shows that the involvement of the classical clinical leaders has become less regulated as the units no longer have a clear legal basis. The governance of the newly introduced "medical poles" appears to be shaped by various factors: there is high correlation between centrality, prestige and "clan involvement", which suggests that professionals holding new responsibilities obtain power and legitimacy by consolidating pre-existing networks. While it is often argued that high-quality clinical leadership is a key factor of organisational success, the findings suggest that the performance of clinical managers relies on this network and legitimacy acquired from it.Originality/value– Drawing on the "sociology of translation" and actor-network theory (Callon and Latour, 1991), this paper provides a new conceptual framework for the analysis of the transformation of the role of clinical leaders, arguing that this transformation depends highly on their abilities to build and use networks. The findings challenge the French tradition of public management that presupposes a clear division of power between doctors and administrative staff.

In this paper the author discusses the views and statements of the French football player Thierry Henry he gave after his illegal play during the playoff match between France and the Republic of Ireland to claim one of the final spots in the World Cup 2010 in South Africa. First, by controlling the ball with his hand before passing it on for the goal Henry has shown disregard for the constitutive rules of football. Then, by stating that he is "not a referee" he demonstrated that for some players rules are not inherent to football and that they can be relativized, given that for them winning is the goal of the highest ontological status. Furthermore, he has rejected the rules of sportsmanship, thus expressing his opinion that the opponents are just obstacles which have to be removed in order to achieve your goals. Henry's action has disrupted major moral values, such as justice, honesty, responsibility and beneficence. The rules of fair play have totally been ignored both in Henry's action and in the Football Association of France's unwillingness to comment on whether a replay should take place. They have ignored one of the basic principles stated in the "Declaration of the International Fair Play Committee", according to which, fair play is much more than playing to the rules of the game; it's about the attitude of the sportsperson. It's about respecting your opponent and preserving his or her physical and psychological integrity. Finally, the author believes that the rules, moral values and fair play in football are required for this game to become actually possible to play.

Purpose
– As our elderly population increases, scheduled to rise by 61 per cent in the next 20 years, a national panic has set in about what to do. Antidepressant use is on the rise, and the figures for loneliness and depression skyrocketing. So far, so normal and so very disheartening. The purpose of this paper is to make a radical plea to change our thinking about how the lives of our senior citizens are lived: bring on the health economists, and let us put some serious funding into studying the effects of participative arts on the lives of older people.


Design/methodology/approach
– This year the author was awarded a Winston Churchill Fellowship to study participative arts for older people in the USA. The author interviewed Professor Julene Johnson of University of California San Francisco, about "Community of Voices" an ambitious, well-funded five year programme which is launching 12 one-year choirs with low income, non-singers, after which findings will be rigorously tested.


Findings
– In the USA, proper evaluation of participative arts is being taken seriously as a means of whittling down massive Medicare costs. There is evaluation going on in the UK, but much of it is flawed, usually down to cost. Evaluations generally consist of questionnaires filled in by participants. Findings centre around the psychological arena, rather than physical aspects (balance, hospital visits).


Originality/value
– It is imperative that one starts thinking about participative arts for seniors in a scientific and serious way. The alternative – roomfuls of elders on antidepressants (the UK's antidepressant use was up 23 per cent between 2010 and 2011) does not bear thinking about.

Russia-EU customs cooperation legal base in force has been outdated and is hardly able to meet demands of trade-economic cooperation between Russia and EU. In particular, structure and substance of Russia-EU customs cooperation regulation do not allow to successfully respond to the challenges of bilateral trade. This is stipulated by legal changes at international level for Russia including ratification of International convention on harmonization and simplification of customs procedures of May 18, 1973, forming of Customs union, WTO accession) and following reforms of custom procedures in Russia. Besides, legal base of Russia-EU customs cooperation does not take into consideration the following measures of modernization of customs regulation in the EU: active use of preliminary information change, electronic methods of fulfilment of customs formalities as well as implementation of modern customs techniques, targeted at simplification and securing of customs formalities. Due to the above-mentioned facts and keeping in mind the high role of mutual trade for well-being of both Russia and EU, improvement of customs cooperation legal base becomes the urgent task. The author of the article points out the Initiative Russia-EU «Partnership for modernization» is able to be one the most crucial instruments of development of Russia-EU customs cooperation legal base. The Initiative is conceived to contribute to economic growth of Russia and EU by virtue of implementation of modernized agenda including in customs sphere. Because of that author analyses customs cooperation issues provided by the Initiative, detects its weak points and proposes approaches towards enhancing Russia-EU trade-economic cooperation by means of modernization of trade flows customs administration.

Q is a methodology to explore the distinct subjective perspectives that exist within a group. It is used increasingly across disciplines. The methodology is semi-qualitative and the data are analysed using data reduction methods to discern the existing patterns of thought. This package is the first to perform Q analysis in R, and it provides many advantages to the existing software: namely, it is fully cross-platform, the algorithms can be transparently examined, it provides results in a clearly structured and tabulated form ready for further exploration and modelling, it produces a graphical summary of the results, and it generates a more concise report of the distinguishing and consensus statements. This paper introduces the methodology and explains how to use the package, its advantages as well as its limitations. I illustrate the main functions with a dataset on value patterns about democracy. ; During the development of this package, the author was funded by the Department of Research of the Basque Government. The author is grateful to Steven Brown and Peter Schmolck for making Q datasets publicly available and for allowing the Lipset dataset to be used in this R package; to Laurent Gatto for his advice in developing it; and to Ben Fried, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor for their useful comments on the manuscript. ; This is the final published version of the article. It was originally published in The R Journal (Zabala A, The R Journal, 2014, 6(2),163-173). The final version is available at http://journal.r-project.org/archive/2014-2/zabala.pdf

Комплексное исследование военной культуры осетинского народа предполагает рассмотрение типа верховой лошади, который использовался ими в военном деле. В работе обобщен доступный на сегодняшний день материал по исследуемой проблеме, на основе анализа которого освещен рассматриваемый вопрос. Данная статья посвящена исследованию вопроса о местной осетинской породе лошадей. Проблема эта до настоящего времени не получила должного научного освещения в осетинской этнологии. В ходе исследования была выявлена определенная связь осетинских горных лошадей позднего Средневековья со скифо-сарматскими степными лошадьми. По мнению автора, становление местной осетинской породы горных лошадей происходило в значительный исторический период. На основе проведенного исследования автор пришел к мнению о том, что местные горные лошади, выращивавшиеся многими северокавказскими народами, восходят к аланским верховым лошадям. ; A comprehensive study of the military culture of the Ossetian nation involves consideration of the type of riding horses they used for military art. The paper summarizes the currently available material on the subject matter, and highlights the indicated issue on the basis of its analysis. This work studies the issue of the local Ossetian breed of horses. This issue has so far not been properly covered by the Ossetian ethnologists. The study revealed a definite link between the Ossetian mountain horses of the late Middle Ages with the Scythian-Sarmatian steppe horses. According to the author, the emergence of the local Ossetian mountain breed of horses was historically stretched in time. On the basis of the undertaken research, the author has come to the opinion that local mountain horses grown by many peoples in the North Caucasus ascend to the Alanian riding horses.

Mortgage is a real security right on another's immovable property which empowers the mortgage creditor to initiate a sale of mortgaged property (foreclosure) in order to settle the due debt claim from the proceeeds of sale, i.e. out of the value obtained by sale of the mortgaged property. Although mortgage was originally created on immovable property (chattel real), in the contemporary legislation it may also be established on movable assets, primarily owing to the development of the so-called mortgage on movable assets (chattel mortgage) as a form of non-possessory pledge. Whereas the property owner (mortgagee) retains his right to possess, use and dispose of the mortgaged property, the mortgage creditor's right is secured by having his right entered in the public chattels register. In Serbian legislation, this "formula" is applied to the conventional mortgage of immovables (chattels real) and the registered pledge on movable assets (chattels personal) which may be constituted on ships and aircraft; however, in the last 10 years, it has also been applied to registered non-possessory pledge on movable assets (chattels mortgage). After introducing this new form of registered pledge in 2005, the Serbian legislator reformed the legal framework regulating the mortgage on immovable property. In this article, the author provides a brief overview of the most significant forms of non-possessory securities in Serbian legislation and their distinctive features. Focusing on the institutes on mortgage and registered pledge, the author provides a critical analysis of some legal solutions envisaged in the Serbian legislation as opposed to related comparative law solutions, particularly those envisaged in the German and Austrian legislation. Key words: non-possessory pledge, reform, mortgage, registered pledge (chattel mortgage)

This book by a sociologist with historical interest is an "explanatory monograph" of the nation-making process in Żmiąca, a small mountainous village located in south-eastern Poland. In this book, the author seeks to explain the apparent paradox of Żmiąca inhabitants' present idea of the Polish nation being "eternal," while in the nineteenth century, and even up to World War I their forefathers associated "Poles" with "Masters" (panowie) and treated them as alien and dangerous. Łuczewski selected this village because it was an object of a study done by a noted Polish historian Franciszek Bujak in 1903 and of another study by sociologist Zbigniew T. Wierzbicki in 1963. Łuczewski and his students conducted their own field work there in the first decade of the present century. The author, well-familiar with the on-going general debate on nation-making processes, ambitiously sets himself a task of explaining his case in the light of an "integral theory" of nation (an approach rather than a theory in this reviewer's opinion). This he formulates in polemics with the primordial theory (nations are eternal), the modernist theory (nations are creations of modernity), the ethno-symbolic theory (while nations are creations of modernity, they are also communities of culture) and the constructivist theory (nations do not exist, what exist are their representations). His own explanatory approach, building on the critical reading of these theories, consists on singling out the creators and the recipients of national ideologies. The creators may be as well intellectuals as parents telling stories to their children. The reception depends on the social context and on the adequacy of an ideology's message to its recipients' interests.