Suchergebnisse

The government of Nepal has been attempting to streamline the respective spheres of public and private sectors on pragmatic considerations, i.e. reserving certain social overheads and defense for the public sector and leaving all other activities to the private sector. But on some specific grounds, the government established some consumer goods industries in the public sector. The author critically looks at the public-private sector demarcation. It has often been treated by the government in isolation and with over-emphasis on the industrial sector. Constraints to industrial development. The Seventh Five-Year-Plan (1985-90) and industrial policy. (DÜI-Sen)

The author, ambassador of Egypt to the USA, thinks that the Middle East is one of the most dangerous regions of the globe, with ongoing conflicts in Lebanon, the West Bank, the Gulf and Afghanistan. Over the last 40 years, the Arab-Israeli conflict has been the single most important factor shaping the history of the region and preventing the emergence of a more stable order. However, recent developments have created a more favourable climate for dealing with the Israeli-Palestinian problem. Resolution of this issue would clear the way toward solving the entire Arab-Israeli conflict. (DÜI-Sen)

The author reviews critically (from a pro-Soviet angle) "China policy for the next decade. Report of the Atlantic Council's Committee on China policy." The aim of the Atlantic Council of the USA: to prepare practical recommendations on foreign policy issues for the White House and the Congress. Three most probable scenarios of political developments in China in the period between 1983 and 1993. According to the reviewer, Washington's plans to draw China into its scheme run counter to the vital aspiration of the Chinese people. The provocative attempts of the USA to interfere in Sino-Soviet relations. (DÜI-Sen)

Role of the USSR and the Red Army in defeating Japanese militarism. The reasons why the USSR started hostilities against Japan. Strategic operations carried out by the Red Army against the Japanese in Manchuria, South Sakhalin and the Kuril islands. The collapse of the imperial Japan. New constitution promulgated in this country in 1947 banning the regular armed forces. Groundwork laid down in the early 1950s for a rebirth of Japanese militarism. The functions and armaments of the Japanese "self-defence forces". The author thinks they have been integrated into the Pentagon's Asian-Pacific strategy system. The quality and quantities of the military hardware produced in Japan. (DÜI-Sen)

Trade unionism in the PRC experienced a phoenix-like growth after the dissolution during the Cultural Revolution. The restoration of organised labour meant in the main a return to the traditional heritage of trade union organisation and activities although the reinvigoration of the Workers and Staff Congresses signified a strong and novel emphasis on worker participation . The author sets out to investigate the restoration of trade unions and their activities during the era of Four Modernizations, with particular reference to the enterprise-based Workers and Staff Congresses. Chinese industrial relations and the rationale for trade unions in the context of economic reform. (DÜI-Sen)

The author argues that superpower rivalry has given a new significance to the security origins of imperialism and the role of a comprador class. Because the global powers are able to establish new fronts from which to threaten each other, their traditional security zones have been extended to the Gulf of Aden and the Horn of Africa. Within this new scene each has assembled a group of tributaries by using its military and economic aid systems. They have therefore been able to achieve their objectives indirectly through the elites, military groups, and ruling classes. (DÜI-Hns)

The author thinks that although in literature communists regard themselves as realists, their definition of realism varies according to the requirements of the moment. Inasmuch as politics takes command, literature is degraded to become an instrument of propaganda. Between 1949 and 1976, Chinese writers followed the guidelines set up by the communist literary bureaucrats and produced a series of stilted and trite literary works. The appearance of "protest literature" since 1976 injected new life into the PRC's literature. The article analyzes some of the modern literary techniques - stream of consciousness, irony, symbols, characterization, plot and time and space - presented in this protest literature. (DÜI-Sen)

Critical assessment of the political system established by Indira Gandhi during 1980-84 before Rajiv Gandhi suceeded her as the Prime Minister of India. The author scrutinizes how Indira Gandhi, who perceived the security and durability of a chief minister of an Indian state as more of a threat than an assurance to the continuity of her paramount powers, made and unmade chief ministers and undermined the operation of the Indian federal system in particular and the Indian political system in general. He thinks that Rajiv Gandhi as the new Prime Minister has established no new precedent regarding the federal system (DÜI-Sen)

THIS ARTICLE ARGUES THAT MANY OF THE PROBLEMS WHICH CURRENTLY ASSAIL THE WEST STEM FROM THE ADOPTION IN THE EARLY 1950S OF NUCLEAR DETERRENCE AS THE BASIS OF DEFENSE AND FOREIGN POLICY. THE AUTHOR SHOWS THAT IN FACT DETERRENCE DOES HAVE ITS COSTS, AND THAT IT HAS NOT REALLY KEPT THE PEACE FOR THE PAST THIRTY-FIVE YEARS. THE ORIGINS OF THE DETERRENCE THEORY ARE EXPLORED, AND THE EFFECT WHICH ITS ABSTRACT STYLE OF REASONING AND ITS PUNITIVE TONE HAD ON POSTWAR POLITICS IS REVIEWED. THE EFFECTS OF DETERRENCE DOGMA ON US ARMS CONTROL POLICY AND ON NATO MILITARY DOCTRINE ARE EXAMINED.

Rumania's Contribution to Bulgarian Indépendance
The author recalls a little known passage of Central and East European history, at a time when certain countries — Bulgaria in the present instance — were living under Turkish rule, and thought only of liberation. Rumania first lent assistance by sheltering Bulgarian writers and combatants, and then the nobility and the army hastened to provide military support. Rumania fought as an ally of the Tsar and the Russian empire, but the alliance proved and unequal one. Despite Rumania's courageous and successful stand alongside the Bulgarians, she was already a victim of Russian expansionism, and thereby lost part of her territory.

This article is an introduction to the special issue of the Journal of Family History devoted to spinsters, who are defined as women who have not married by age 35 and are thus unlikely ever to marry. Relatively high propor tions of spinsters in Western Europe in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries raise questions for the history of marriage, the family, and women. After in troducing the articles in this issue, the author discusses differences in the propor tions of women never-marrying in China and eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Western Europe, and the association of spinsterhood with the timing of mar riage, the sex ratio, economic circumstances, and religion.