Suchergebnisse

Given the coexistent EU priorities concerning the competitiveness of European industries and international emissions regulation at the company level, this paper assesses the efficiency and competitiveness implications of linking the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) to emerging trading schemes outside Europe. Currently, countries like Canada, Japan or Australia are contemplating the set up of domestic ETS with the intention of linking up to the European scheme. While a stylized partial-market analysis suggests that the integration of trading systems is always beneficial in efficiency terms, our applied general equilibrium approach shows that the aggregate welfare impacts of linking the EU ETS are rather limited. We further find that the trade-based competitiveness effects of linking the European ETS crucially depend on the linked trading system: Although EU economy-wide competitiveness varies only moderately across linking scenarios, the sectoral decomposition of these aggregate effects shows that European industries are much more sensitive to the linking constellation. Similarly, the incentives for non-EU regions to join the European system display considerable heterogeneity. A stricter allowance allocation within domestic ETS can, however, substantially improve the overall prospects for establishing supra-European emissions trading schemes.

Political trust is important for the effective functioning of government. This paper uses cross country regression analysis to see whether three different measures of economic performance matter for political trust. The results lend support to the hypothesis that political trust is influenced by economic growth, the standard of living, and the appropriate use of government spending. In addition, the paper considers two institutional variables, perceived independence of the judiciary and the degree of democracy to assess their effect on political trust. It finds that perceived judicial independence has a positive effect on political trust, but democracy has a negative effect.

It is important that noneconomists understand and consider three key points regarding the use of economic cost-benefit analysis. First, economists undertaking applied cost-benefit analyses use expected values by necessity in forward-looking models. Second, economists tally changes in economic value, comparing "with" and "without" investment scenarios, using producer and consumer surplus. Third, marginal changes in the "nonmarket" components of consumer surplus can, and should, be quantified in monetary terms and included in evaluations whenever possible. These three factors highlight the need for multidisciplinary research on complex problems relating public investments to the social, cultural, health, and environmental impacts of those investments.

"First attempt to compile in a manual all existing Memoranda of Understanding, Exchange of Letters and other similar agreements, whether formal or informal, where FDA was a signatory"--p. i. ; "November 1996." ; Shipping list no.: 97-0118-P. ; "MaryLynn Datoc"--P. ii. ; Includes bibliographical references and index. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Editors: July 1897- A. Hamon (with V.É. Michelet, May 1899-Nov. 1902; L. Dumont-Wilden, 1903) ; Publication suspended Mar. 1901-Sept. 1902, Dec. 1902-Apr. 1903, Jan. 1904-Sept. 1906 inclusive. ; Vol. 4 includes special supplementary number: Enquête sur la guerre et le militarisme. ; Mode of access: Internet.