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Abstract
The author introduces the concept of transdualism to critique dualism without relying on a dualistic model of critique, the modus operandi necessary for a critique against sexual dualism and hetero/cisnormativity. Transdualism offers an opportunity to dwell within that operation by staying below (not beyond) the "dualism," that is, below the logic of either/or. The essay will explore the notion of "transdualism" through the hexagram Tai of the Yi Jing, which is often used in medical contexts to illustrate the body-of-orifices of Huangdi Neijing or the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor. The author reads this body-of-orifices, which is primarily represented by its nine major bodily tunnels, with yinyang philosophy as gender/sex indeterminant and shows that the Inner Canon's yinyang body-of-orifices points to something more transgressive, which could unsettle from within the naturalism of gender and sexual dualism and the nature/culture as well as other dualistic divides that have informed contemporary critical rethinking of embodiment. By unpacking the hexagram Tai alongside Inner Canon's body-of-orifices. as well as contemporary feminist, queer, and transgender theorizations of the body and sexuality, this essay aims at rethinking the materio-discursive complexity of the body-of-orifices, which has been either dualistically separated into antagonisms between man and woman, sex and gender, body and discourse, yin and yang; or one-sidedly reduced to a function of "social construction," knowable only through language—or problematically lumped together in a gender-is-fluid postmodern "both-and," which supposedly overcomes the metaphysico-theological "either/or."

The article reviews the main problems of international interaction in the political space of post-Soviet Russia. This research topic has been a burning and vital issue of the day over the last years. Moreover, it has become even more significant and urgent nowadays. From time to time the number of racial tensions and inter-ethnic conflicts is increasing everywhere. This fact is likely to indicate some disadvantages and faults of evaluating the state of international interaction. One of the reasons why it happened is the fact that scholars have not come to an agreement about this issue yet. Having thoroughly examined the current scientific theories and research areas, the author of the article took into consideration the most popular and widespread points of view on the problem. Such factors as the soviet «heritage», integration of ethnic minorities into the cultural space of civil nation, a great many opportunities for preserving national identity, etc. influenced the principles of international interaction in the political space of modern-day Russia. The results of the analysis of the above mentioned factors can be put into practice with a view to assess the potential of international interaction which will let predict their social and political importance and reveal possible flash seats of conflictogenity. The author's attention is focused on considering the issues of the role of the government in the optimization of inter-ethnic relations. The main fields of concern of public authorities have been investigated. Policy papers and special-purpose programmes have been scrutinized. The author has also outlined the leading political figures' attitude to this acute problem.

Abstract
This article approaches transgender surgery from the "side door" and explores the consequences of happenstance surgery for the gender-nonnormative subject. In this happenstance context, the trans chest as a concept is problematic on two counts—being popularly understood only in the cis-surgical context of cancer treatment (mastectomy) or the FTM transitional context (of top surgery). Neither of these contexts readily allows for a nonnormative trans chest. The author utilizes their own experiences of chest surgery to critique delegitimizing, prohibitive clinic practices that efface or misrecognize gender-diverse subjectivity. While this critique is straightforward in that it highlights the need for ongoing change in medical care practices, the author advances a philosophical analysis of genderqueer subjectivity that turns toward a poetics of selfhood. They suggest that understanding the poetics of genderqueerness displaces the "big P" politics of alterity that commonly marks queer activism. They argue that this displacement has epistemological value for what they call trans-peripheral surgical subjects. Building on notions of burdensome self-advocacy and the possibility of being, the article posits that the poetics of nonnormativity acts as a stabilizing or restorative feature of genderqueer and trans-peripheral life. This is especially linked to experiences of surgical transformation in hospitals and surgical clinics that contribute to and shape existential stress. Beginning with a contextualization of genderqueerness and an explanation of the terms trans-peripheral and queer, the article moves from a narrative account of surgical experience to a theory that grounds poetics as a complement to the politics of selfhood.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify major developments in corporate innovation. The author focuses on the behavioral differences between MNEs from developed and emerging markets in the way they locate their R&D activities.


Design/methodology/approach
With the help of descriptive statistics, the paper identifies major trends in the global distribution of innovative activity. The novel source of patent statistics, Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) applications, is used as a proxy for innovative effort by leading MNEs. This paper is among the first attempts to analyze the global geography of innovation based on PCT statistics.


Findings
The analysis underscores differences in the patenting activities of MNEs from emerging and advanced markets. It confirms that innovative activity by major MNEs remains largely home-based, which contradicts the premise of the global nature of corporate innovation. At the same time, the growing importance of China as a research center attracts MNEs from a variety of developed markets. Emerging MNEs also file patent applications domestically. Most Chinese R&D subsidiaries of MNEs from advanced economies in our sample do not pursue technological specialization, as they produce patents in the same technological areas as the corporate headquarters or other subsidiaries.


Originality/value
A number of assumptions about the innovation geography of major MNEs were empirically tested. An attempt was made to fill the gaps in our understanding of innovation strategies pursued by MNEs in emerging markets. The author uses the concept of MNEs as meta-integrators to explain the observed dynamics. Its explanatory power is more convincing as applied to our data than the concept of national systems of innovation.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to offer a feminography, that is a "narration of a female self in a feminist age" (Abrams, 2017) by presenting a conceptual analysis, derived from experience, of email providing a form of discourse – that the author calls finger-speak – through which unexamined gender positioning caricatures a person's identity. In so doing, the paper provides an illustrative case of a female manager being positioned through email to "know her place, perform it and feel it" (Hey, 2011).


Design/methodology/approach
An analysis of email foregrounds "finger-speak" as a form of digital conversation and through which people in universities may be positioned publicly but without their consent in relation to unexamined norms and assumptions. For women, it is argued, these norms are ageist and sexist. In this paper, fragments of finger-speak are collated to provide a reading of how mixing gendered norms with apparent differences of opinion constructs, via unexamined sexism, a public identity and then undermines it.


Findings
Through the case presented, the author argues that, because of a shared but unarticulated shadow over women as leaders, email lays the ground for subsequent scapegoating in such a manner that the woman takes responsibility for structural challenges that rightly belong to the organisation.


Originality/value
The contribution that email makes to constructing female identity in public is new, complementing other work that publicly characterises women leaders, through film (Ezzedeen, 2015), and through published writing such as autobiography (Kapasi et al., 2016). Emotional work undertaken by women in university leadership is so far under-represented in public, and email is a site through which this work becomes visible.

The article is devoted to the early period of military-administrative reform of Constantine V (741-775). The author considers Constantine V wasn't the successor Leo III the Isaurian (717-741) military policy. In 742-743 he struggled for the throne. His opponent was Artabastos comes of the Opsikion theme. He was sup-ported by several strategoi of large themes. Constantine V had suppressed the mutiny and started the formation of a mobile army. It consisted of the most battleworthy of regular units. The main part of the regular troops was withdrawn under the jurisdiction of the strategoi of Eastern themes. In the 740-750 Constantine V carried out some successful military campaigns in Northern Syria and Transcaucasia. This proved the effectiveness of regular troops in comparison with detachments of the provincial militias. The author believes the lack of financial resources had been the main obstacle for the fast finishing the military reform. ; Статья посвящена изучению начального периода военно-административной реформы Константина V (741-775). По мнению автора, Константина V нельзя считать продолжателем военной политики Льва III Исавра (717-741). В 742-743 гг. он был вынужден вести борьбу за престол. Его соперником являлся комит Опсикия Артавазд, которого поддержали стратиги нескольких больших фем. После подавления мятежа Константин V начал формирование мобильной армии, составленной из самых боеспособных регулярных подразделений. Большая часть регулярных отрядов была выведена из подчинения стратигов восточных фем. В 740-750-е гг. Константин V совершил несколько успешных военных походов в Северную Сирию и Закавказье. Это доказало эффективность регулярных войск по сравнению с фемными ополчениями. По мнению автора, основным препятствием для быстрого завершения военной реформы стал недостаток финансовых ресурсов.

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la página web de la revista en la siguiente URL: http://www.hottopos.com/rih43/87-104Zalbidea.pdf ; Els dietaris de Nicolau Primitiu són un conjunt de volums memorialístics que abracen el període comprés entre els anys 1916 i 1959, en els quals l'autor relata les seues vivències i elucubra al voltant de diversos temes relacionats amb la llengua i la cultura del seu país. El dietari analitzat més extensament en aquest article és el Varia I (1934-1935), del qual oferim un estudi temàtic i lèxic i presentem les característiques de la seua edició, producte de la nostra tesi doctoral. Les seues pàgines inicien un camí de maduresa intel·lectual de l'autor, que presenta un ventall de notícies i successos de diversa índole durant la segona república espanyola, en què el valencianisme cultural i polític desplega una intensa activitat. / The diaries of Nicolau Primitiu are a set of unpublished books of memories that cover the period between 1916 and 1959, in which the author relates his experiences and hears about various topics related to the language and culture of his country The diary that we study more extensively in this article is Varia I (1934-1935), from which we offer a thematic and lexicon study and present the characteristics of its edition, product of our doctoral thesis. Its pages are the beginning of the maduration process of the author, who presents a range of news and events of different kinds during the second Spanish republic, where cultural and political Valencianism is intensely active.

The purpose of the author's research of the problem is to overcome the prevailing in science and political-legal practice of contradistinction of the individual human rights to the collective rights of the people, the nation. Critically analyzing the theoretical insolvency and practical futility of this approach, the author justifies an alternative solution of the problem. It presupposes the harmonization of the exercise of the individual rights with the collective rights of people as two parts of one social whole in accordance with the doctrine of the dual nature of truth. As a result, the author formulates the criteria for achieving such harmonization: the creation of social conditions for the formation of a majority of the middle class as a part of people's «qualitative personality» and a «qualitative people (nation)»; overcoming the tendency of bureaucratization of state and public life, undermining the rights and freedoms of individuals and nations alike; the observance of the rule of law by all entities of national law on the basis of unity during the exercise of their rights and obligations, without interferience with the rights and freedoms of other actors, both individual and collective; observance of the rule of law by all entities of international law on the basis of mutual respect and consensus regarding the civilizational and national characteristics of legal systems; оvercoming the tendency of a growing gap in the levels of development of countries and gradually equalizing the quality of their lives as the basis for harmonization the rights of people and the rights of peoples in a global scale.

The doctoral dissertation analyses the recent overhaul of the EU banking policy framework in 2012–2016 with the aim of answering two interrelated questions. First, why did the euro area member states decide to surrender national control over their banking systems by creating a banking union despite the fact that similar proposals had been constantly rejected in the past? Second, what accounts for the content of the established banking union? The research argues that the European sovereign debt crisis and, more specifically, its Spanish episode in the first half of 2012 were a necessary but insufficient condition for the European leaders' historic decision. Building on a deterministic interpretation of punctuated equilibrium theory, the author explains the creation of the banking union by three intervening factors: interdependence of the euro area member states that led to changes in the EU banking policy image held by the governments of the largest euro area states, and the politicisation of the related banking policy-making venue. Having showed that the content of the final agreements corresponded to the identified 'preventive' banking union type, the author argues that it can be best explained by the interaction of preference intensity of member states and political legitimacy of their national positions. Accordingly, the research explains the content of the banking union by the exposure of German banks' to the most stressed Southern euro area member states at the start of negotiations and the German government's 'rhetorical entrapment' at later stages. It is also argued that the entire EU bargaining process was facilitated by 'constructive ambiguity' related to the finality of the banking union.

The doctoral dissertation analyses the recent overhaul of the EU banking policy framework in 2012–2016 with the aim of answering two interrelated questions. First, why did the euro area member states decide to surrender national control over their banking systems by creating a banking union despite the fact that similar proposals had been constantly rejected in the past? Second, what accounts for the content of the established banking union? The research argues that the European sovereign debt crisis and, more specifically, its Spanish episode in the first half of 2012 were a necessary but insufficient condition for the European leaders' historic decision. Building on a deterministic interpretation of punctuated equilibrium theory, the author explains the creation of the banking union by three intervening factors: interdependence of the euro area member states that led to changes in the EU banking policy image held by the governments of the largest euro area states, and the politicisation of the related banking policy-making venue. Having showed that the content of the final agreements corresponded to the identified 'preventive' banking union type, the author argues that it can be best explained by the interaction of preference intensity of member states and political legitimacy of their national positions. Accordingly, the research explains the content of the banking union by the exposure of German banks' to the most stressed Southern euro area member states at the start of negotiations and the German government's 'rhetorical entrapment' at later stages. It is also argued that the entire EU bargaining process was facilitated by 'constructive ambiguity' related to the finality of the banking union.

The doctoral dissertation analyses the recent overhaul of the EU banking policy framework in 2012–2016 with the aim of answering two interrelated questions. First, why did the euro area member states decide to surrender national control over their banking systems by creating a banking union despite the fact that similar proposals had been constantly rejected in the past? Second, what accounts for the content of the established banking union? The research argues that the European sovereign debt crisis and, more specifically, its Spanish episode in the first half of 2012 were a necessary but insufficient condition for the European leaders' historic decision. Building on a deterministic interpretation of punctuated equilibrium theory, the author explains the creation of the banking union by three intervening factors: interdependence of the euro area member states that led to changes in the EU banking policy image held by the governments of the largest euro area states, and the politicisation of the related banking policy-making venue. Having showed that the content of the final agreements corresponded to the identified 'preventive' banking union type, the author argues that it can be best explained by the interaction of preference intensity of member states and political legitimacy of their national positions. Accordingly, the research explains the content of the banking union by the exposure of German banks' to the most stressed Southern euro area member states at the start of negotiations and the German government's 'rhetorical entrapment' at later stages. It is also argued that the entire EU bargaining process was facilitated by 'constructive ambiguity' related to the finality of the banking union.

The doctoral dissertation analyses the recent overhaul of the EU banking policy framework in 2012–2016 with the aim of answering two interrelated questions. First, why did the euro area member states decide to surrender national control over their banking systems by creating a banking union despite the fact that similar proposals had been constantly rejected in the past? Second, what accounts for the content of the established banking union? The research argues that the European sovereign debt crisis and, more specifically, its Spanish episode in the first half of 2012 were a necessary but insufficient condition for the European leaders' historic decision. Building on a deterministic interpretation of punctuated equilibrium theory, the author explains the creation of the banking union by three intervening factors: interdependence of the euro area member states that led to changes in the EU banking policy image held by the governments of the largest euro area states, and the politicisation of the related banking policy-making venue. Having showed that the content of the final agreements corresponded to the identified 'preventive' banking union type, the author argues that it can be best explained by the interaction of preference intensity of member states and political legitimacy of their national positions. Accordingly, the research explains the content of the banking union by the exposure of German banks' to the most stressed Southern euro area member states at the start of negotiations and the German government's 'rhetorical entrapment' at later stages. It is also argued that the entire EU bargaining process was facilitated by 'constructive ambiguity' related to the finality of the banking union.

The article analyzes the essence of the new strategic moment in the region and the influence of the "Chinese factor" on the situation inEurasiaand the AsiaPacific region. The author discusses the components of the "Chinese factor", its practical consequences, as well as its foreign policy, military and political significance. The article shows how applied issues can be transformed into foreign policy and military doctrines, determine practical foreign and military policies, the system of international relations and political affairs in the region. The author briefly reviews the key aspects of regional doctrines of leading states in the region, makes assumptions about the possible evolution and modification of these doctrines in the future and formulates the conditions that might determine the practical steps of the regional powers. The article also assesses the possibility of emergence of new Pacific strategies in the region and examines their main parameters. ; В статье подробно анализируется существо состояния нового стратегического момента в регионе и влияние «китайского фактора» на обстановку в Евразии и Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе. Подробно анализируются составляющие «китайского фактора», практические последствия анализа, прикладное внешнеполитическое и военно-политическое значение этого вопроса, показано как прикладные вопросы трансформируются в положения внешнеполитических и военных доктрин, определяют практическую внешнюю и военную политику, систему международных связей и их политическую составляющую в регионе. Автор кратко обозревает основные положения региональных доктрин важнейших внешнеполитических игроков в регионе, делает предположения о возможной эволюции и модификации этих доктрин в будущем и формулирует условия, которые определяют практические шаги большинства государств в регионе. В статье также прогнозируется вероятность появления новых тихоокеанских стратегий основных участников международных отношений в регионе и рассматриваются их основные параметры.

Th is essay addresses the category "myth" from a philosophical approach. Th e author raises understand the myth from the interpretive function with which the world is built, civilization, language, politics, truth and reason itself. Th e author postulates resume the analysis of myth beyond the linear readings of historical psychology and theology. Th e myth has a specifi c architecture that presides over the organization of the world,the human and the divine, in all cultures; without it, philosophy itself had not existed. Modernity requires precisely an analysis of myth from its own semantic and pragmatic system. Th e mystery and danger of the irrational not be ignored or fought, you need to understand. ; El presente ensayo aborda la categoría "mito" desde un enfoque fi losófi co. El autor plantea comprender el mito desde la función interpretativa con que se construye el mundo, la civilización, el lenguaje, la política, la verdad y la razón misma. El autor postula retomar el análisis del mito más allá de las lecturas lineales de la psicología histórica y de la teología. El mito posee una arquitectura específi ca que preside la organización del mundo, de lo humano y lo divino, en todas las culturas; sin ésta, la fi losofía misma no hubiese existido. La modernidad requiere precisamente de un análisis del mito desde su propio ordenamiento semántico y pragmático. El misterio y el peligro de lo irracional no tiene que ser ignorado ni combatido, es necesario comprenderlo. ; Producción Científica de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas UAZ

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la página web de la revista en la siguiente URL: http://www.hottopos.com/rih43/87-104Zalbidea.pdf ; Els dietaris de Nicolau Primitiu són un conjunt de volums memorialístics que abracen el període comprés entre els anys 1916 i 1959, en els quals l'autor relata les seues vivències i elucubra al voltant de diversos temes relacionats amb la llengua i la cultura del seu país. El dietari analitzat més extensament en aquest article és el Varia I (1934-1935), del qual oferim un estudi temàtic i lèxic i presentem les característiques de la seua edició, producte de la nostra tesi doctoral. Les seues pàgines inicien un camí de maduresa intel·lectual de l'autor, que presenta un ventall de notícies i successos de diversa índole durant la segona república espanyola, en què el valencianisme cultural i polític desplega una intensa activitat. / The diaries of Nicolau Primitiu are a set of unpublished books of memories that cover the period between 1916 and 1959, in which the author relates his experiences and hears about various topics related to the language and culture of his country The diary that we study more extensively in this article is Varia I (1934-1935), from which we offer a thematic and lexicon study and present the characteristics of its edition, product of our doctoral thesis. Its pages are the beginning of the maduration process of the author, who presents a range of news and events of different kinds during the second Spanish republic, where cultural and political Valencianism is intensely active.