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Strictly speaking, there is no such thing as private business since business activities have widespread and sometimes far-reaching impacts on the community. The side-effects of entrepreneurial decision making - increasing unemployment, for instance, or pollution - increasingly expose corporations to the public gaze, with management in the limelight. Facing Public Interest opens up new vistas on business policy and corporate communications facing public interest. The relationship between private enterprise and public interest is subjected to an ethical examination, highlighting the role of the general public as a locus of morality for business and the guiding concept of a corporate dialogue between management and the concerned public. Instructive case studies are also presented. The volume not only proposes corporate dialogue: it puts into practice. Business leaders, representatives of citizens' groups, public affairs consultants, and academics discuss the topics thoroughly and thoughtfully in the best contributions to the seventh conference on the European Business Ethics Network, held at the University of St. Gallen in September 1994

Norms, Values, and Society is the second Yearbook of the Vienna Circle Institute, which was founded in October 1991. The main part of the book contains original contributions to an international symposium the Institute held in October 1993 on ethics and social philosophy. The papers deal among others with questions of justice, equality, just social institutions, human rights, the connections between rationality and morality and the methodological problems of applied ethics. The Documentation section contains previously unpublished papers by Rudolf Carnap, Philipp Frank, Charles W. Morris and Edgar Zilsel, and the review section presents new publications on the Vienna Circle. The Vienna Circle Institute is devoted to the critical advancement of science and philosophy in the broad tradition of the Vienna Circle, as well as to the focusing of cross-disciplinary interest on the history and philosophy of science in a social context. The Institute's Yearbooks will, for the most part, document its activities and provide a forum for the discussion of exact philosophy, logical and empirical investigations, and analysis of language

When is it appropriate to intervene in individual or large-scale disputes? How would intervention be most effective in helping an abused child, in resolving conflicts between labor and management, in mediating in a foreign war? In this wide-ranging and original book, a distinguished social psychologist provides a broad overview and analysis of the phenomenon of intervention in human affairs. Drawing on many historical and current examples of intervention, Leonard W. Doob considers what must be taken into account in the planning, selection, timing, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. He also focuses on the morality of intervening - which is, after all, interfering with the judgment or behavior of other persons - discussing a variety of situations, such as providing medical treatment to terminally ill people, preventing abortions, attempting to reconcile incompatible partners in a marriage, colonizing developing societies, and dividing countries after war. Doob maintains that since every intervention contains unique elements, strict principles for intervening cannot be formulated. Past experience does provide guides for the future; yet these guides are uncertain and must be used cautiously

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Chapter 1 Why Study the History of Sexuality? -- I. LOVE -- Chapter 2 Civilisation and Feelings -- Chapter 3 Love and Love Affairs in the Sixteenth Century -- Chapter 4 The Créantailles Rite in Troyes between the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Centuries -- Chapter 5 Love and Marriage in the Eighteenth Century -- II. SEXUAL MORALITY AND MARITAL RELATIONS -- Chapter 6 The Christian Doctrine of Marriage -- Chapter 7 Contraception, Marriage, and Sexual Relations in the Christian West -- Chapter 8 Man and Wife in the Marriage Bed -- III. THE CHILD AND PROCREATION -- Chapter 9 Childhood and Society -- Chapter 10 Attitudes towards Young Children and Sexual Behaviour -- Chapter 11 Ancient and Modern Adages Concerning the Child within the Family -- Chapter 12 The Young Woman in Ancient French Proverbs -- IV. THE SEX LIVES OF SINGLE PEOPLE -- Chapter 13 Late Marriages and Sex Lives -- Chapter 14 Repression and Change in the Sex Lives of Young People -- Chapter 15 Family Life and Illicit Love in England -- Notes and References -- Index.

Two centuries after they were published, Kant's ethical writings are as much admired and imitated as they have ever been, yet serious and long-standing accusations of internal incoherence remain unresolved. Onora O'Neill traces the alleged incoherences to attempt to assimilate Kant's ethical writings to modern conceptions of rationality, action and rights. When the temptation to assimilate is resisted, a strikingly different and more cohesive account of reason and morality emerges. Kant offers a `constructivist' vindication of reason and a moral vision in which obligations are prior to rights and in which justice and virtue are linked. O'Neill begins by reconsidering Kant's conceptions of philosophical method, reason, freedom, automony and action. She then moves on to the more familiar terrain of interpretation of the Categorical Imperative, while in the last section she emphasises differences between Kant's ethics and recent 'Kantian' ethics, including the work of John Rawls and other contemporary liberal political philosophers. This reassessment will add significantly to the understanding of Kantian practical philosophy

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the Editors and Contributors -- INTRODUCTION Revitalizing International Security Analysis: Contributions from Culture and Symbolic Process -- PART 1 CONFRONTING PEACE AND WAR -- 1 Anthropology and International Security -- 2 Compromise and the Rhetoric of Good and Evil -- 3 Inducement to Military Participation in Tribal Societies -- PART 2 DYNAMICS OF CONFLICT -- 4 Images of the Other -- 5 Values and the Exercise of Power: Military Elites -- 6 Achieving Social Competence in the Navy Community -- 7 Loyal Citizens of the Republic: Morality, Violence, and Popular Support for the IRA and INLA in a Northern Irish Ghetto -- PART 3 DYNAMICS OF PEACE -- 8 The Communist Ethic and the Spirit of China's Party Cadres -- 9 Rivalry and the Rise of Swiss Neutrality: The Feud in the Peace -- 10 Philippine Verticality and the Deflection of Class Conflict -- 11 Fourth World Responses to External Threats: The Dené -- CONCLUSION Expanding the Anthropology of Peace and Conflict -- Name Index -- Subject Index.

A / Ethics and Welfare Economics -- I. Cardinal Utility in Welfare Economics and in the Theory of Risk-Taking -- II. Cardinal Welfare, Individualistic Ethics, and Interpersonal Comparisons of Utility -- III. Ethics in Terms of Hypothetical Imperatives -- IV. Can the Maximin Principle Serve as a Basis for Morality? A Critique of John Rawls's Theory -- V. Nonlinear Social Welfare Functions: Do Welfare Economists Have a Special Exemption from Bayesian Rationality? -- B / Rational-Choice and Game Theoretical Models of Social Behavior -- VI. Advances in Understanding Rational Behavior -- VII. Rational-Choice Models of Political Behavior vs. Functionalist and Conformist Theories -- VIII. Game Theory and the Analysis of International Conflicts -- IX. Measurement of Social Power, Opportunity Costs, and the Theory of Two-Person Bargaining Games -- X. Measurement of Social Power in n-Person Reciprocal Power Situations -- XI. A Bargaining Model for Social Status in Informal Groups and Formal Organizations -- C / Scientific Explanation -- XII. Explanation and Comparative Dynamics in Social Science -- XIII. Popper's Improbability Criterion for the Choice of Scientific Hypotheses.

For this 1897 publication, the American philosopher William James (1842–1910) brought together ten essays, some of which were originally talks given to Ivy League societies. Accessible to a broader audience, these non-technical essays illustrate the author's pragmatic approach to belief and morality, arguing for faith and action in spite of uncertainty. James thought his audiences suffered 'paralysis of their native capacity for faith' while awaiting scientific grounds for belief. His response consisted in an attitude of 'radical empiricism', which deals practically rather than ideologically with real-world phenomena. When facing a 'momentous' decision about belief, he says, we both can and must choose the best hypothesis. The first four essays apply this principle to religious faith, and the rest explore the pragmatic approach to such topics as determinism, ethics and individual achievement. James developed his ideas further in The Varieties of Religious Experience (1902) and Pragmatism (1907), both of which are reissued in this series

This study compares Tevfik Fikret's Haluk's Notebook (Haluk'un Defteri) with Mehmet Akif Ersoy's Asım, analyzing the differing approaches of two distinct worldviews to concepts such as youth, morality, and modernization. Tevfik Fikret elevates the Western understanding of science and progress, asserting that modernization can only be achieved by embracing the West. Haluk's Notebook presents a secular and scientific youth model through the figure of a father who believes his son's Western education will enlighten society. In contrast, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, in Asım, advocates for an ideal of youth that adopts only the science of the West while remaining faithful to Islamic ethics and national values. Both works reflect the societal transformation processes of their time, offering different perspectives on modernization and moral values. This article examines the intellectual debates and literary approaches of the era through the youth ideals presented by Tevfik Fikret and Mehmet Akif Ersoy. Keywords: Tevfik Fikret, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Haluk'un Defteri, Asım, Youth ideal, Modernization, Westernization, Islamic ethics

AbstractDrawing from Moral Foundation Theory, our study explores if and how corrective messages and misinformation related to COVID-19 vaccines utilize moral frames. Unlike studies that either focused on content-analyzing messages or study how audiences react to moral frames, this study incorporated both a content analysis of COVID vaccine messages and modeling of how millions of audiences reacted to such messages. We combined semantic network analysis, text-mining, and machine learning to analyze a large corpus of Facebook posts about COVID-19 vaccines. Our results showed that both corrective messages and misinformation prevalently deployed moral framing. We also found that while corrective messages tend to highlight the virtuous aspect of morality, misinformation focuses on the sinful aspect. In both contexts, the five moral frames could construct logically self-consistent worldviews. Moreover, for corrective messages, fairness, sanctity, care, authority, and loyalty frames all significantly influence users' message sharing. For misinformation, only the authority/subversion frame was influential.

How are legal institutions and frameworks exploited to create ghettoised communities in contemporary India? Across three case studies – the Disturbed Areas Act in Gujarat, the 'bulldozer justice' phenomenon of 2022, and the BJP's electoral 'land jihad' rhetoric – we argue that law, far from being a liberal bulwark against majoritarianism, increasingly comes to encapsulate raw power, unencumbered by either morality or fact. We theorise this phenomenon through Hannah Arendt's argument that the seeds of totalitarianism lie in the hollowing-out, depoliticising effect of 'juridification', paving the way for totalitarianism to fill the affective void. But what happens to law once the threshold to totalitarianism is crossed? In contemporary India, we argue, the depoliticising, technocratic kind of law that Arendt described is not the only legal pathology; we also witness the emergence of a novel kind of hyper-politicised, performative, signalling, ultimate meaningless law that she didn't quite anticipate. It is the dialectic between these two legal pathologies – juridification as bureaucratisation and hyper-politicised signalling – that cements Muslim Indians' increasingly precarious ghettoisation.

Recent research has shown that consumers tend to behave more unethically when encountering artificial intelligence (AI) agents than with human agents. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the differential impact of AI agents on unethical consumer behavior. From the perspective of the power relationship between AI and consumers, we classify the role of an AI agent as that of a "servant" or "partner." Across one field study and four scenario-based experiments (offline and online), we reveal that consumers are more likely to engage in unethical behavior when encountering servant AI agents than partner AI agents due to increased anticipatory moral disengagement. We also identify the boundary conditions for the moral disengagement effect of AI agents, finding that this effect is attenuated (a) among consumers with high moral identity, (b) with human-like AI agents, and (c) in the context of high behavioral visibility. This research provides new insight into the AI morality literature and has practical implications for service agencies using AI agents.

An important question for liberal political theory is whether its account of political morality is compatible with religious political thought. This paper examines one aspect of that broad question, namely the compatibility of the Christian pluralist tradition with liberalism's account of state sovereignty. According to Cécile Laborde, a central commitment of liberalism—and perhaps its most radical—is the claim that the state possesses a form of sovereignty that she dubs 'competence-competence'. This refers to the state's meta-jurisdictional authority to decide the areas of competence of associations within it. The Christian pluralist tradition, in contrast, emphasises the independent authority of various kinds of social groups and the external limits this places on the state. The paper argues that, despite appearances to the contrary and the claims of many pluralist thinkers, these two views are compatible. It does so through a detailed examination of the two main strands of Christian pluralism, namely subsidiarity and sphere sovereignty, and by comparing pluralists' and liberals' approaches to the regulation of religious groups.

AbstractConclusion: What matters for any norm is personal time rather than time. Personal time is a time-like relation (roughly, the time measured by your wristwatch) that knits together scattered temporal parts so that they conform to familiar patterns. David Lewis introduced personal time as an interpretive fiction that allows readers to consistently read fictions about time travelers. Inadvertently, Lewis thereby introduced a metric for all value (including prudence, morality, and aesthetics). Premise: The application of any norm requires personal time rather than time. This principle of reasoning is illustrated by recent debate about Bertrand Russell's 5 minute hypothesis. This skeptical hypothesis would be undercut if one needs more than 5 minutes to reason about it. But what reasoners actually require is personal time. Once its priority over time is established for the norms governing reasoning, all remaining norms synchronize to personal time. Re-writing diachronic epistemology in Lewis' atemporal vocabulary salvages much of what is literally true – and exposes the primacy of causation.

Violence against women often stems from gender inequality, societal structures such as patriarchy, impunity, and institutional violence. Despite the remarkable progress it has made in establishing the representation of women in all fields, India still finds itself an unsafe country for women, with multiple cases of femicide reported every year. The present paper proposes a close look at violence against women in India through a multidisciplinary reading of Clea Chakravarty's novel La Voix de Sita [Sita's Voice] which is a retelling of the 2012 Delhi gang rape. Commonly known as the Nirbhaya Case, it ushered a lot of debates around women's modesty and morality, alongside controversial anti-feminist remarks by the dominant misinformed strata of society on women being responsible for crimes done against them and the branding of feminism as anti-national. By approaching the revisionist mythmaking of Indian epics in the novel through a feminist lens, the paper also traces the root cause of violence against women in India by analysing media reports, interviews, and anecdotes focused on the case.