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It is a fact that in the European Union there is a strengthening of right-wing extremism, radical right movement, populism and nationalism. The consequences of the economic crisis, such as a decline in living standards, losing of jobs, rising unemployment especially among young people, undoubtedly goes in favor of strengthening the right-wing extremism. In the research, forms of manifestation will be covered of this dangerous phenomenon and response of the institutions. Western Balkan countries, as a result of right-wing extremism, are especially sensitive region on possible consequences that might occur, since there are several unresolved political problems, which can very easily turn into a new cycle of conflicts, if European integration processes get delayed indefinitely.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Maps -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- Conventions -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- The Opening of Korea and Modernization Efforts -- Historical Contexts of Korean Migration -- Corruption in the Yangban Society of Korea -- Sharecropping and Burdens of Taxation on the Poor -- Devastating Effects of the Sino-Japanese War on the Poor -- Chapter Summaries -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Koreans in the Russian Far East and Manchuria -- Koreans as Tsarist Subjects in the Russian Far East -- Early Arrivals of Migrants from Korea, 1863 -- Later Arrivals of Migrants from Korea, 1884 -- Three Categories of Korean Migrants in the RFE -- Korean-Russian Relations and Russification of Korean Transnationals -- Koreans in Manchuria: Transnational Sojourners or Patriotic Nationalists in Exile? -- Koreans in Manchuria-Land of Transnational Diasporic Coexistence -- Early Arrivals of Korean Migrants to Manchuria, 1860s -- Later Arrivals to Manchuria from Korea, 1890s -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Chapter 3: Koreans in the Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905 -- Korean Declaration of Neutrality, 1904 -- Build-up to the Russo-Japanese War -- War Preparedness -- Japanese Interests in the Korean Physique -- How the War Was Won -- Korea-Japan Protocol [ 日 定書] and Russia's Stance on the War with Japan -- Koreans in the Japanese Army-Seen by Western Observers -- Korean Laborers in the Japanese Army -- Korean Soldiers in the Japanese Army -- Pan-Asianism of "Dependence for Independence" and Ilchinhoe -- Righteous Armies in Alliance with the Russian Army -- Koreans in the Russian Army and the Shanghai Service of Intelligence -- Russian Secret Intelligence Agents - Shanghai Service -- Conclusion -- Notes.

IN THE 1930S IT WAS MAINLY TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS THAT DEVELOPED POLICIES FOR GOVERNMENT-LED REVIVALS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY THAT, THROUGH SOME MEANS OR ANOTHER, EVENTUALLY PROVED TO BE MEANS FOR OVERCOMING PROLONGED RECESSION. IN THE STILL RELATIVELY UNDERDEVELOPED STATE OF COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN STUDIES, SUCH PROJECTS MAKE A DOUBLE CONTRIBUTION: THE PARTICULAR THESIS THAT LEADS THE AUTHORS TO USE THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES AS CASES: AND THE MORE GENERAL DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTICAL COMPARISONS EMBODIED IN THE NARRATION OF THE NATIONAL 'STORIES'.

In this ambitious work, first published in 1983, Cedric Robinson demonstrates that efforts to understand black people's history of resistance solely through the prism of Marxist theory are incomplete and inaccurate. Marxist analyses tend to presuppose European models of history and experience that downplay the significance of black people and black communities as agents of change and resistance. Black radicalism must be linked to the traditions of Africa and the unique experiences of blacks on western continents, Robinson argues, and any analyses of African American history need to acknowledge this.To illustrate his argument, Robinson traces the emergence of Marxist ideology in Europe, the resistance by blacks in historically oppressive environments, and the influence of both of these traditions on such important twentieth-century black radical thinkers as W. E. B. Du Bois, C. L. R. James, and Richard Wright.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgements -- 1 State Formation and Emigration -- 2 Empire and Emigration: The Stuart Monarchy and Plantation 1603-1688 -- 3 Unplanned Emigration 1688-1756 -- 4 Flight to the West 1756-1803 -- 5 Early Modern British Emigration 1603-1803 -- 6 Australia as the New America -- 7 Assisted Emigration -- 8 Hidden History: The British Emigrant to the United States 1803-1860 -- 9 Hidden History: The British Emigrant to the United States 1860-1914 -- 10 The Emigrant Experience -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.

A discussion of developmentalism & dependency theories in Third World studies. It is argued that the major achievements of dependency theory remain largely unrecognized because the approach has been so frequently misrepresented or misunderstood. While dependency theory contains elements of a countermodernist attitude that ought to be retained, it remains trapped, along with developmentalism, within a modernist discourse that relies on the principles of nineteenth-century liberal philosophy, treats individual Third World nation-states as the sovereign subject of development, & blindly accepts the Western national autonomy model that promotes growth. The efforts of a number of scholars to ground knowledge in local histories & experiences are reported. 101 References. Adapted from the source document.

Latin American studies in Germany from the 1960s on developed in two waves with (partial) crises and periods of stagnation in between. Whereas in the communist GDR they were affected by the limited scope of academic endeavors and their instrumentalization for state and party politics and policies, in the Federal Republic interdisciplinary Latin American studies had two tiers (within the universities and outside as independent research institutes) and were shaped by the particular structure of funding schemes and agencies and by "triggers" such as the Cuban Revolution, the Chilean coup, the arrival of exiles, and the presence of the Latin American revolutionary experience in the debates of the West German student movement after 1968. While many of the West German features were shared with other Western countries, significant differences emerged because of Germany's short colonial tradition, the Cold War rivalry between the Federal Republic and the GDR, and the fact that political foundations such as the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and the Friedrich Ebert Foundation played a key role not only in designing and implementing government-financed development aid projects in Latin America but also in helping to promote and shape a new takeoff for Latin American studies (a uniquely German constellation). A partir de la década de 1960, los estudios alemanes sobre Latinoamérica se desarrollaron en dos oleadas, con crisis (parciales) y períodos de estancamiento en el proceso. En la RDA comunista, la investigación se vio afectada por el alcance limitado de los esfuerzos académicos y su instrumentalización para políticas estatales y partidarias. En la República Federal, los estudios interdisciplinarios latinoamericanos se desarrollaron en dos ámbitos (universidades además de lugares externos como institutos de investigación independientes) y obedeciendo a estructuras y agencias de financiamiento particulares, así como "factores detonantes" (por ejemplo, la Revolución Cubana, el golpe de estado en Chile, la llegada de exiliados y la presencia de la experiencia revolucionaria latinoamericana en los debates del movimiento estudiantil de Alemania Occidental después de 1968). Mientras que muchas de las características de la República Federal eran compartidas por otros países occidentales, surgieron diferencias significativas a partir de la corta tradición colonial alemana, la rivalidad entre la República Federal y la RDA durante la Guerra Fría, y el hecho de que patronatos políticos como la Fundación Konrad Adenauer y la Fundación Friedrich Ebert desempeñaron un papel clave no solo en el diseño e implementación de proyectos gubernamentales de ayuda al desarrollo en Latinoamérica, sino también en promover y encaminar los estudios latinoamericanos (en una constelación exclusivamente alemana).

DOI:10.17336/igusbd.14781 ; In establishing their new nation-state by waging war against the occupant Western countries during the aftermath of the World War I, the secular nationalist cadres who were educated in the Western-modern schools of the semi-colonial Ottoman State implemented a modernization project that acknowledged the superiority of Western values in order to "civilize" the society that they were attempting to build. These secular nationalist cadres gained legitimacy via running a national Independence battle against the colonialist imperialist powers, and they pursued a internal colonialism and local orientalism approach excluding the various social groups that existed in the periphery of their own nation-state from the political, cultural, social, and economic fields. However, different social groups resisted against this civilization project in various forms from the very beginning, and brought to power the "Islamist" Welfare Party (RP) in 1996 and then Justice and Development Party (AK Party) in 2002. As a response to this development, RP was discredited in the political and social arena and finally overthrown by a 'post-modern coup d'état", and AK Party faced a closure trail and the military e-memorandum. This article shall employ a post-colonial perspective to carry out a sociological discussion of the processes that fostered the mental codes of these "secular nationalist cadres" that were determined to modernize their nation-state at any cost. ; Yarı sömürgeleştirilmiş Osmanlı Devleti'nin Batılı modern okullarında yetişen milliyetçi seküler kadrolar Birinci Dünya savaşı sonrası yeni ulus-devletlerini işgalci Batılı ülkelere karşı savaşarak kurdular. Ancak inşa etmeye çalıştıkları toplumu "medenileştirmek" için batılı değerlerin üstünlüğünü kabul eden bir modernleşme projesini hayata geçirdiler. Meşruluklarını sömürgeci emperyalist güçlere karşı ulusal kurtuluş mücadelesini yürütmekten alan bu kadrolar "milli bir kolonyalizm ve yerel bir oryantalizm" ile kendi milli devletlerinin çeperinde yer alan farklı toplumsal grupları siyasal, kültürel, sosyal ve ekonomik sahalardan dışladılar. Ancak bu medenileştirme projesine karşı farklı toplumsal gruplar Cumhuriyetin başından beri farklı formlarda direniş gösterdiler ve 1996 yılında destekledikleri "İslamcı" Refah Parti'sini (RP) ve daha sonra 2002 yılında Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi'ni (AK PARTİ) iktidara getirdiler. Bunun üzerine milliyetçi seküler kadrolar, Refah Partisi'ni siyasal ve sosyal alanda itibarsızlaştırmış ve bir post modern darbeyle iktidardan uzaklaştırmıştır, Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi ise kapatma davası ve askeri e-muhtıraya maruz kalmıştır. Bu makalede ulus-devletlerini her ne pasına olursa olsun modernleştirmek isteyen "milliyetçi seküler kadroların" zihinsel kodlarını besleyen süreçler post kolonyal bakış açısıyla sosyolojik olarak tartışılacaktır.

Examines economic difficulties of the 14 Forum Island Countries (FICs), of which eight are Commonwealth members, and how these countries collaborate to resolve their problems. Australia, New Zealand, Kiribati, Nauru, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, Western Somoa, and other islands.

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Existential crisis, the possibility of disintegration, and the European Union in the 2010s -- The rise of an existential crisis: the economic factors -- Migration crisis and its connection with Europe's demographic crisis -- Terror attacks -- Populist attacks against the EU -- Recognition of the existential crisis -- The outside factor: loosening alliances and hostile neighbors -- Deep crisis is over, but are new ones coming? -- Escaping forward? -- 2 Inequalities within and among member countries undermined homogenization and became a source of discontents -- Capitalism and inequality -- Increasing inequality within the EU countries -- Inequality among member countries of the EU -- 3 The political representation of discontent: disappearing traditional political parties and rising populism -- From class to national parties -- Old mass parties are disappearing -- Melting down of the social democratic parties -- Rising populist parties -- Central political issues for populists -- 4 Brexit and its possible impact -- Joining late-leaving early -- "Hard" or "soft" landing? The Chequers plan -- The consequences of Brexit -- 5 Anti-European Union populism in Western and Southern Europe -- Liberal democracy and its multiethnic culture -- Why populism became triumphant in Britain -- Wilders, Le Pen, and others -- Populist defeats and victories, 2017-18 -- 6 Populism flooded Eastern Europe and the Balkans-undermining the EU -- A real home for populism -- The eastern part of Germany -- The region left behind -- The reverse migration crisis of the region -- The crisis of 2008 and austerity policy-authoritarian nationalism -- 7 Christian Europe? The use and abuse of Christian values and the populist debate -- Populism and Christianity.

The role played by Lebanese expatriates in West African countries as entrepreneurs and professionals; Ivory Coast perspective; 12-page section.

"Tourism in the Muslim World provides a synthesis of thought on an influential current issue for tourism and indeed for our times, and a point of focus for tourism researchers, managers and developers in countries such as the United Arab Emirates, Jordan, Egypt, Maldives and Turkey, as well as the Western world, eager to increase their share in this 1.5 billion strong tourist market. Its chapters raise conceptual, practical, and thought-provoking issues for the wider tourism community as it deals with the growth of new markets and destinations in a globalized economy. This collection of culturally and geographically diverse papers feature both Muslim and non-Muslim (country) insights on this international theme. It draws on contributions from a variety of disciplinary perspectives such as law, theology, business, tourism development, sociology, anthropology, and more. Tourism in the Muslim World is the second title in Emerald's new book series Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice and will appeal to researchers and research students in the social science and management disciplines, as well as to tourism and hospitality professionals with an interest in the Muslim market.

Introduction,Ken Jowitt's universe /Rudra Sil and Marc Morjé Howard --Lenin's century : Bolshevism, Marxism, and the Russian tradition /Vladimir Tismaneanu --Leninist legacy revisited /Marc Morjé Howard --Transition to what? : legacies and reform trajectories after communism /Grigore Pop-Eleches --Institutions and the development of individualism : the case of western Poland after World War II /Tomek Grabowski --Soviet Union as a reign of virtue : Aristotelian and Christian influences on modern Russian ethics and politics /Oleg Kharkhordin --Slobodan Milošević : charismatic leader or plebiscitarian demagogue /Veljko Vujačić --Social dimensions of collectivization : fomenting class struggle in Transylvania /Gail Kligman and Katherine Verdery --Stages of development in authoritarian regimes /Barbara Geddes --From neotraditionalism to neofamilism : responses to "national dependency" in newly industrialized countries /Yong-Chool Ha --Leninism, developmental stages, and transformation : understanding social and institutional change in contemporary China /Calvin Chen --Weber, Jowitt, and the dilemma of social science prediction /Stephen E. Hanson --Evolving significance of Leninism in comparative historical analysis : theorizing the general and the particular /Rudra Sil --Conjuring up a battlefront in the war on terror /Stephen Holmes --Power of imaginative analogy : communism, faith, and leadership /Daniel Chirot.

The topics of corruption and tax evasion have attracted significant attention in the literature in recent years. We build on that literature by investigating empirically: (1) whether attitudes toward corruption and tax evasion vary systematically with gender and (2) whether gender differences decline as men and women face similar opportunities for illicit behavior. We use data on eight Western European countries from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey. The results reveal significantly greater aversion to corruption and tax evasion among women. This holds across countries and time, and across numerous empirical specifications.(JELH260, D730, J160, Z130)

Whether US President Clinton is perceived in the Islamic world as a man without honor, in light of Aug. 1998 US cruise missile attacks against Afghanistan and Sudan and the Monica Lewinsky affair. Private morals and public office, Western double standards, and a "posthonor" world.