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Modern macroeconomic situation around political and economic space of Russia is rather complicated and ambiguous. It has a direct detrimental effect on the majority of macroeconomic indicators, including indicators on the labor markets, securities, foreign exchange markets, the standard of living of the population, the pace of social development and welfare, and ultimately on the economy as a whole. These circumstances serve as a catalyst to the top of the reform and transformation of the different segments of the national economy. One of the key elements of reform is an entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, since in current circumstances it is primary element to ensure food security of the country. Furthermore, this responsibility, on the one hand, contributes to an increase in import volumes, stabilizing activity agribusiness companies and increase their competitiveness, and on the other hand, together with the low financial and economic stability of agricultural units and their functioning, creates a high degree of uncertainty to the activity data subjects. As a result, current macroeconomic conditions only help to increase the risk burden on the activity of subjects of agribusiness, which is already one of the most risky types of economic activity because of its close relationship with poorly predicted climatic factors. Therefore, as one of the current directions of the improvement of the agrarian policy of Russia should be provided for the creation of a specialized methodology for monitoring business risks agribusiness entities, aimed at forecasting, identification, prevention and minimization of risks and their adverse effects, such as the methodology for the moment does not exist. The article presents a developed business risk monitoring methodology agribusiness entities through the budgeting system, providing for a redistribution of funds and resources of the economic entity by creating budgets of various levels and the formation of a dedicated reserve fund to cover unexpected losses related to business risks and their adverse effects.

Zwischen Neuseeland und Australien haben in den vergangenen Jahren erhebliche Bewegungen von Umsiedlern stattgefunden, wobei sich jedoch eine deutlich günstigere Bilanz für Australien ergibt. Auf der Basis eines Kosten-Nutzen-Ansatzes und durch die Kombination ökonomischer und demographischer Variablen in einem ökonometrischen Modell wird vom Autor versucht, diese Migrationsbewegungen systematisch zu erklären. (DÜI-Bsn)

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Technology Transfer and Economic Growth in Sub-Sahara African Countries-Lessons from East Asian Experience -- 1.2 From Technology Importers to Net Technology Exporters -- 1.3 Scope of This Book -- 1.4 How This Book Is Organized -- References -- 2 Technology Transfer For Economic Growth In Africa-Why It Matters -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Technology Imports and Technology Learning -- 2.3 Focus on Manufacturing and Related Service Sector Technologies -- 2.4 Manufacturing Sector Growth and Solving Duality of Economic Structure -- 2.5 Dynamics and Intervention Points for Solving Duality in Economic Structure -- 2.6 Japanese Economic Development: Solving Duality in Economic Structure -- 2.7 Infrastructure Development -- 2.8 Non-linear Relationship Between Science and Technology Education and Industrial Technology Outcomes -- 2.9 Growth in MVA and GDP Correlation -- References -- 3 Sub-Sahara African Countries' Attractiveness to Technology Transfer -- 3.1 Critical Evaluation of Asset Profile of the African Continent -- 3.2 Potential for Agro-Processing-Convergence of Agriculture and Industry -- 3.3 Technology and Agricultural Productivity: The Missing Link to Productivity Improvement -- 3.4 Demand-Led Technology Transfer Efforts: Examining Growth in Market Size and Regional Integration -- 3.5 African Markets and Risk Factor -- 3.6 Efficiency and Strategic Motive Investments in Africa -- 3.7 Changing Profile of Assets in African Countries: Implications for Technology Transfer and Economic Growth -- 3.8 Implications for Technology Transfer and Capability Building -- References -- 4 Pragmatic Analytical Framework for Technology Transfer and Economic Growth -- 4.1 Introduction.

The integration of renewable energies in the electric power system, as a solution to the growing demand for electricity in developing countries, has become a vital issue, such is the case of Mexico. The purpose of this work is the assessment of the economic and energy feasibility of a residential house grid-connected hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-wind system, in Mexico. The hybrid PV-wind system design is based on the existing renewable energy resources and considering a typical load profile. Also, an economic analysis is presented based on the two schemes approved for the sale of the surplus of the energy generated in Mexico: Net billing and net metering. The results obtained demonstrate the viability and profitability of the proposed small-size system. However, the results corroborate that government incentives are crucial to making the proposed system more attractive and affordable for residential users.

International audience ; This paper analyzes the relationship between government expenditure, tax on returns to assets, public debt, and growth in an endogenous growth model. Public debt is composed of two components, domestic debt and external debt. We show conditions for existence, uniqueness, and multiplicity of the steady states. More precisely, existence of steady state requires a sufficiently high productivity and a sufficiently low tax on returns to assets. We also provide the effects of an increase in the tax rate on returns to assets on the steady state. In particular, the relation between public spending and the tax rate has a bell shape. Domestic debt unambiguously increases with tax whereas external debt displays an inverted U-shaped curve. A high tax rate leads to a reallocation of public debt in favor of domestic debt (to the detriment of external debt). The effect of taxation on consumption (and production) also displays a nonlinear pattern when the output elasticity of capital is lower than unity (the effect is monotonously increasing if this elasticity is unity). We also derive the conditions under which a tax increase can boost or reduce the balanced growth rate.

Welchen Einfluss hat die Konstruktion von Nation auf die kollektive Identitätsbildung? Welches Verständnis von Nationalität ist in Mittel- und Osteuropa vorherrschend? Inwieweit müssen Fragen der kollektiven Identität in der internationalen Austauschpädagogik berücksichtigt werden? Diesen Fragen geht die sich im interdisziplinären Feld sozial-, politik- und erziehungswissenschaftlicher Diskurse bewegende Arbeit nach und beleuchtet damit einen hoch aktuellen, in der Forschung bisher jedoch nur wenig beachteten Gegenstand. Den Ausgangspunkt der Überlegungen bildet das Spannungsverhältnis zwischen europäischer Integration und nationaler Selbstfindung in Ländern Mittel- und Osteuropas. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden Konstruktionen von Nationalität und kollektiver Identität, nationale Mythen und Symbole, ihre Entstehungsgeschichten, Wirkungen, Rahmungen und Funktionalitäten diskutiert. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der Betrachtung Polens, wo die Ambivalenz zwischen Nationalismus und Homogenisierung einerseits und Europäisierung und Pluralisierung andererseits eine einmalige Plakativität und Evidenz erfährt. Die Reflexion darüber, wie diese Disparität aktuelle politische und gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen beeinflusst und vor welche Herausforderungen sie die pädagogische Praxis stellt, gehört zu den zentralen Fragestellungen dieser Arbeit.