Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Dans ce chapitre nous proposons un retour critique sur les débats qui ont traversé le colloque qui s'est tenu au Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle du 16 au 22 septembre 2019. Intitulé « Sciences Techniques et Agricultures », le colloque s'est ouvert sur l'expression d'une volonté de répondre aux « grands défis sociétaux » et de contribuer aux « transformations des mondes contemporains ». Doublée d'une interrogation quant aux possibilités et aux manières de le faire en tant que chercheurs s'intéressant à l'agriculture, l'introduction des organisateurs a été largement partagée par leurs invités. Agronomes, écologues, zootechniciens, sociologues, anthropologues, économistes, philosophes, biologistes, juristes et politistes ont présenté et débattu de leurs travaux durant une semaine marquée par l'ambition de concourir au changement et par des préoccupations quant au sens du métier de chercheur. Ce colloque de Cerisy a consisté en plusieurs journées de discussions, certaines dans l'enceinte du château éponyme, d'autres hors les murs. Ces déplacements visaient à ouvrir des espaces de dialogue permettant de penser la place des sciences et des techniques en agriculture par-delà les frontières du monde académique. Toutefois, que ces échanges aient eu lieu entre nous (invités au colloque) ou avec d'autres (agriculteurs, enseignants et élèves d'un lycée agricole voisin, entrepreneurs d'innovation), qu'ils se soient tenus dans un des bâtiments du château, dans la cour d'une ferme, dans un hall technologique ou dans l'amphithéâtre du lycée, il n'a pas toujours été facile d'engager une conversation, c'est-à-dire de créer une relation sociale permettant d'articuler différentes visions du monde [Haraway, 1988].

International audience ; Dans ce chapitre nous proposons un retour critique sur les débats qui ont traversé le colloque qui s'est tenu au Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle du 16 au 22 septembre 2019. Intitulé « Sciences Techniques et Agricultures », le colloque s'est ouvert sur l'expression d'une volonté de répondre aux « grands défis sociétaux » et de contribuer aux « transformations des mondes contemporains ». Doublée d'une interrogation quant aux possibilités et aux manières de le faire en tant que chercheurs s'intéressant à l'agriculture, l'introduction des organisateurs a été largement partagée par leurs invités. Agronomes, écologues, zootechniciens, sociologues, anthropologues, économistes, philosophes, biologistes, juristes et politistes ont présenté et débattu de leurs travaux durant une semaine marquée par l'ambition de concourir au changement et par des préoccupations quant au sens du métier de chercheur. Ce colloque de Cerisy a consisté en plusieurs journées de discussions, certaines dans l'enceinte du château éponyme, d'autres hors les murs. Ces déplacements visaient à ouvrir des espaces de dialogue permettant de penser la place des sciences et des techniques en agriculture par-delà les frontières du monde académique. Toutefois, que ces échanges aient eu lieu entre nous (invités au colloque) ou avec d'autres (agriculteurs, enseignants et élèves d'un lycée agricole voisin, entrepreneurs d'innovation), qu'ils se soient tenus dans un des bâtiments du château, dans la cour d'une ferme, dans un hall technologique ou dans l'amphithéâtre du lycée, il n'a pas toujours été facile d'engager une conversation, c'est-à-dire de créer une relation sociale permettant d'articuler différentes visions du monde [Haraway, 1988].

Pandemics such as COVID-19 and their induced lockdowns/travel restrictions have a significant impact on people's lives, especially for lower-income groups who lack savings and rely heavily on mobility to fulfill their daily needs. Taking the COVID-19 pandemic as an example, this study analysed the risk of returning to poverty for low-income households in Hubei Province in China as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. Employing a dataset including information on 78,931 government-identified poor households, three scenarios were analysed in an attempt to identify who is at high risk of returning to poverty, where they are located, and how the various risk factors influence their potential return to poverty. The results showed that the percentage of households at high risk of returning to poverty (falling below the poverty line) increased from 5.6% to 22% due to a 3-month lockdown. This vulnerable group tended to have a single source of income, shorter working hours, and more family members. Towns at high risk (more than 2% of households returning to poverty) doubled (from 27.3% to 46.9%) and were mainly located near railway stations; an average decrease of 10–50 km in the distance to the nearest railway station increased the risk from 1.8% to 9%. These findings, which were supported by the representativeness of the sample and a variety of robustness tests, provide new information for policymakers tasked with protecting vulnerable groups at high risk of returning to poverty and alleviating the significant socio-economic consequences of future pandemics.

This study aims to determine the application of Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE) and to determine the implementation of the principle of criminal sanctions that can only be imposed through court decisions in the law enforcement proceeding of traffic violations based on Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement (ETLE). This research is Normative Legal Research in which researchers will collect and review primary data on the law enforcement proceeding of ETLE violation along with secondary data in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The results indicate that the implementation of ETLE is regulated by various laws and regulations including Act No. 22/2009 on Traffic and Transportation; Government Regulation No. 80/2012 on Procedures for Inspection of Motorized Vehicles on the Road and Enforcement of Traffic and Road Transportation Violations in conjunction with Chief of Police Regulation No. 5/2012 on Registration and Identification of Motorized Vehicles in conjunction with The Supreme Court Regulation No. 12/2016 on Procedures for Settlement of Traffic Violations Cases and there is no visible contradiction or disharmony. However, in the application of these regulations there are indications of disharmony between the law and their implementation and law enforcement, where violators entrust payment of fines that have been adjusted to the number of fines that will later be will be decided by a court judge, even though if referring to Article 267 Paragraph (4) of the Traffic Act, the amount of money deposited is equal to a maximum fine of the criminal penalty.

International audience ; Dans ce chapitre nous proposons un retour critique sur les débats qui ont traversé le colloque qui s'est tenu au Centre culturel international de Cerisy-la-Salle du 16 au 22 septembre 2019. Intitulé « Sciences Techniques et Agricultures », le colloque s'est ouvert sur l'expression d'une volonté de répondre aux « grands défis sociétaux » et de contribuer aux « transformations des mondes contemporains ». Doublée d'une interrogation quant aux possibilités et aux manières de le faire en tant que chercheurs s'intéressant à l'agriculture, l'introduction des organisateurs a été largement partagée par leurs invités. Agronomes, écologues, zootechniciens, sociologues, anthropologues, économistes, philosophes, biologistes, juristes et politistes ont présenté et débattu de leurs travaux durant une semaine marquée par l'ambition de concourir au changement et par des préoccupations quant au sens du métier de chercheur. Ce colloque de Cerisy a consisté en plusieurs journées de discussions, certaines dans l'enceinte du château éponyme, d'autres hors les murs. Ces déplacements visaient à ouvrir des espaces de dialogue permettant de penser la place des sciences et des techniques en agriculture par-delà les frontières du monde académique. Toutefois, que ces échanges aient eu lieu entre nous (invités au colloque) ou avec d'autres (agriculteurs, enseignants et élèves d'un lycée agricole voisin, entrepreneurs d'innovation), qu'ils se soient tenus dans un des bâtiments du château, dans la cour d'une ferme, dans un hall technologique ou dans l'amphithéâtre du lycée, il n'a pas toujours été facile d'engager une conversation, c'est-à-dire de créer une relation sociale permettant d'articuler différentes visions du monde [Haraway, 1988].

This second report in the DIW Berlin Women Executives Barometer 2022 explores the designs and effects of gender quotas across Europe, coming to the conclusion that they are an effective instrument for increasing the share of women in top positions at large companies. Furthermore, the quotas differ greatly between the countries, for example in regard to the number of companies subject to the quota, the concrete quota targets, or sanctions. Using European data for the years 2003 to 2021, this report shows that the group of nine EU countries that have introduced a gender quota has a significantly greater share of women on top decision-making bodies than the group of the non-quota EU countries (almost 35 percent compared to 22 percent). Generally, the share of female non-executive directors (in Germany, this refers to supervisory board members) is higher than the share of female executive directors. The effectiveness of quota regulations has been confirmed by calculations that take into account that certain factors differ by country, such as cultural norms regarding gender roles or labor market policy and family policy. Against this background, the President of the European Commission's initiative to advance a draft directive for more equal representation of men and women on the boards of large companies appears helpful. The proposal is currently being blocked in the Council of the EU. If this changes, the share of women on boards could increase, especially in the countries that do not yet have a mandatory gender quota.

The problem of air pollution is a global problem that almost everyone experiences. Nearly 90% of people in the world live in an environment where the air is not healthy. One of the places that may affect the pollutant is, where the market has a level of crowd and traffic density that can have an impact on the environment. One of them is the central market of Kendari City. The results obtained are PM10 concentrations in ambient air at the central market of Kendari City at three times, namely morning, afternoon, and evening, laboratory test results in the morning are 4.3521 g/Nm3 with a temperature of 280C and a wind speed of 2.2 m /s, in the afternoon the result is 2.2868 g/Nm3 with a temperature of 320C and a wind speed of 2.5 m/s, and in the afternoon the result is 4.8524 g/Nm3 with a temperature of 290C and wind speed 1.94 m/s but all sample test results still meet the ambient air quality standards according to the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 of 2021 and the results of calculating the volume of vehicles at three times, namely at 08.30 – 09.30 WITA, 11.30 – 12.30 WITA, and 14.30 – 15.30 WITA, the results are that in the morning the daily traffic volume is 1480 vehicles/hour, during the day as much as 1284 vehicles/hour, and in the afternoon as many as 1523 vehicles/hour. Keywords: ambient air, particulates, market

This study aims to reconsider the role of foreign direct investment determinants for European national development and to analyze the impacts of the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19. Foreign direct investment is a source of development; therefore, this study includes empirical applications, specifically the random effect model, for EU countries, during the pandemic period. This study provides some valuable conclusions regarding the changes caused by the main determinants of foreign direct investment, such as unemployment, interest rates, economic growth, inflation, and business confidence. Additionally, the proxies of COVID-19 are the number of cases and number of deaths, both appearing to positively contribute to FDI outflow, the former with a higher impact than the latter. Based on the availability of the data, this paper deals with 22 European Union countries for Q1, Q2, and Q3 of 2020. Data for all the chosen variables were not available for the fourth quarter (Q4); thus, this period was not considered, which constitutes a limitation of this study, but confirms the need for robust FDI inflows to support the sustainable post-pandemic development recovery of less-developed EU countries. As the need for external funding sources, i.e., FDI inflow, grows in times of crisis, governments should take suitable measures to uplift the confidence of socially responsible foreign investors during difficult times generated by black swan events. There is almost no detailed research regarding the impact of COVID-19 on FDI flows received by European Union countries.

The Folkhem era in Sweden set high architectural standards for social infrastructures dispersedly located in cities. Over the past two decades, however, Swedish planning, when it comes to the localization of social infrastructure, has been increasingly characterized by privatized social infrastructures added to housing. Methodologically, this article draws on a compilation of architectural designs of shared housing that includes social infrastructure, 12 interviews with developers, and 22 interviews with residents. The article argues, first, that two historical approaches can be identified: one in which porous borders support urban social life in and around the housing complex and another where distinct boundaries form an edge where things end. Secondly, the article argues that in recent shared housing complexes, the infrastructures of fitness, health care, and privatized services—previously available solely in the public realm—have moved physically and mentally closer to the individual, largely replacing residents' everyday use of public space. The article concludes that in recent shared housing complexes, ambiguous borders are formed. Ambiguous borders allow a flow of goods and people, but the flow is based on the needs and preferences of residents only. Overall, such privatization counteracts the development of urban social life while adding to housing inequality, as this form of housing is primarily accessible only to the relatively wealthy. Furthermore, there is a risk that urban planning may favour such privatization to avoid maintenance costs, even though the aim of planning for general public accessibility to social infrastructure is thereby shifted towards planning primarily for specific groups.

The current study was intended to determine the predicting role of Emotional Abuse to develop mental health problems among married individuals and its impact on their quality of life. Present research was quantitative correlational survey design, hypothesizing that there is a significant relationship between emotional abuse to develop mental health problems among married individuals and its impact on their quality of life. There is a significant role of emotional abuse to develop mental health problems among married individuals and its impact on their quality of life. Purposive convenient sampling technique was used to approach N= 230 married individuals ranged between 18-40 years old, from different areas of Karachi, Pakistan. The present study was assessed through Gottman Emotional Abuse Questionnaire (EAQ), Mental Health Inventory (MHI-18) and Quality of Life Scale (QOLS). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version-22) was applied for the analysis of data. Internal consistency of the study was checked through Cronbach alpha. For the analysis of correlation between variables Pearson Correlation was used. Significance of demographic factors were analyzed through the technique of independent sampling (t-test). Results exposed that there is significant strong negative correlation of emotional abuse with mental health (r= -0.82) and quality of life (r= -0.89). The findings of the research highlighted the significant differences of emotional abuse, mental health problems and quality of life. The results of the present study could be useful for enhancing the awareness on the effect of emotional abuse and the necessity of prevent the abuse for maintaining the relationship.

Purpose
Bubble tea has become a popular beverage among the Gen-Z population in recent years, not only in Asia where this beverage originated, but also worldwide. This research aims to understand the motivational factors of Gen-Z consumers in Indonesia in purchasing bubble tea products.


Design/methodology/approach
This research adopts a qualitative methodology by interviewing 22 Gen-Z consumers living in Indonesia. A thematic-analysis approach and NVivo software are applied for the data analysis.


Findings
Eight factors, i.e. taste, texture, packaging, store, price, health, trend and brand, play important roles in explaining how the emotional dimensions (pleasure, arousal and dominance) created by the environmental stimuli of bubble tea were approached or avoided within the purchasing behaviors of Gen-Z consumers. This study also identified affiliation behaviors as the result of interactions between the three dimensions.


Research limitations/implications
As a qualitative study, this research used a particular and limited context to gain insights. Hence, a broader scale of research using a quantitative approach is recommended to validate the factors influencing purchasing behavior among the Gen-Z population.


Practical implications
This study can help practitioners to gain a better understanding of Gen-Z consumers' behaviors on beverage products and to formulate effective marketing strategies.


Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, by adopting a qualitative approach, this study is among the first to explore more deeply the emotional dimensions that drive Gen-Z's decisions regarding whether to purchase a bubble tea product or not.

Abstract
Administrative procedures are intended to increase transparency and help agencies make better decisions. However, these requirements also increase agency workload. Understanding how public agencies satisfy procedural requirements is a critical facet of agency performance. This analysis focuses on the language used in Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) required by the US National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)—specifically, the reuse of similar text within and between assessments. We synthesize theories of institutional isomorphism and bureaucratic coping to understand why text is reused, and consider the tradeoffs of this behavior. Using a national dataset of 1015 EISs published by 22 agencies from 2013 to 2020, we apply local document alignment (LDA) to measure how boilerplate language varies by agency, authors, project type, location, and consulting firm involvement. Latent order logistic and beta regression models applied to the LDA results show that text reuse primarily occurs where there is a clear substantive rationale for boilerplate language or where studies share authors or contract consulting firms. This indicates: (1) that agencies largely do not engage in pro forma compliance efforts; and (2) that while NEPA procedures are oriented around individual projects and decisions, cross-project learning and the narrowness—or breadth—of agencies' project portfolios shape analytical routines and the relative tradeoffs of boilerplate text in policy analysis. This article adds to our theoretical understanding of agencies' coping strategies in response to institutional pressures and makes a methodological contribution by demonstrating the application of text reuse measurement and information extraction methods in public administration research.

This study developed and validated a measure that captures variation in common local idioms of distress and mental health problems experienced by women in South Sudan, a country which has experienced over 50 years of violence, displacement, and political, social, and economic insecurity. This measure was developed during a randomized controlled trial of the Adolescent Girls Initiative (AGI) and used qualitative Free Listing (n = 102) and Key Informant interviews (n = 27). Internal reliability and convergent validity were assessed using data from 3,137 randomly selected women (ages 14–47) in 100 communities in South Sudan. Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were assessed using responses from 180 women (ages 15–58) who completed the measure once, and 129 of whom repeated the measure an average of 12 days (SD = 8.3) later. Concurrent validity was assessed through the ratings of 22 AGI leaders about the presence or absence of mental health symptoms in the 180 women in the test-retest sample. The study resulted in the development of the South Sudan Mental Health Assessment Scale, a 24-item measure assessing six idioms of distress. The scale consisted of one factor and had excellent internal, test-retest, and interrater reliability. The scale also demonstrated good convergent and concurrent validity and performed well psychometrically. Moreover, its development provides an example for other organizations, working in environments where mental health measures have not yet been developed and validated, to create and validate measures relevant to their populations. In this way, the role of mental health in development settings can be more rapidly assessed.

El objetivo de esta investigación, en la que se utilizaron métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos de investigación, así como métodos cualitativos de análisis, fue determinar las causas por las cuales no fue posible, mediante la Licitación Pública No. 2014LN-000016-0CV00 MR-I: Mantenimiento Rutinario sin Maquinaria Especializada de la Red Vial Nacional Pavimentada, contratar únicamente a pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes) para la limpieza de hierbas y basura de la red vial nacional de Costa Rica, como pretendía la administración Chinchilla Miranda (2010-2014). El propósito del espíritu de la licitación se logró parcialmente, en tanto, las grandes empresas, dentro del marco de legalidad del país y aprovechando su infraestructura, participaron en el concurso, acaparando parte del contrato de mantenimiento vial sin maquinaria especializada de las 22 zonas en que se compone el país, para efectos de conservación y mantenimiento. Las causas principales de lo anterior fueron un marco institucional que no facilitó la contratación de las Mypmes y la licitación perdió su patrocinador en el Poder Ejecutivo. Con el cambio de gobierno, la burocracia encargada de la ejecución final de la contratación no se encontraba motivada para llevar a cabo la licitación y los micro, pequeños y medianos empresarios no contaban con los conocimientos ni la infraestructura adecuada para participar en el concurso público (licitación), aunado a los escasos recursos financieros; además de que los trabajadores que prestan el servicio directamente (peones) fueron invisibilizados de todo el proceso.

PurposeThis article outlines the development of the Refugee Job Search Process Framework (RJSPF), which was created to help identify barriers that refugees face when trying to find employment. The framework incorporates an interdisciplinary, multi-level approach to the job search, delving into research from migration studies and Industrial/Organizational psychology to outline factors that exist on both the side of the refugee applicant and the organization at each stage of the RJSPF. The authors also tested the RJSPF with Syrian refugees and service providers in Canada to examine the validity of each component of the model.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a semi-structured format to interview refugees and service providers on their experiences in either trying to find employment or helping their refugee clients with the job search process. After transcribing the interviews, the data were independently coded, quantified, and analysed using Nvivo software to validate the RJSPF.FindingsThe majority of the RJSPF either had high or moderate support from the interviews. The authors also identified 6 broader themes using thematic analysis, which include language fluency, credential recognition, Canadian experience "catch 22", cultural incongruencies, employer exploitation, and mental health for successful employment.Originality/valueThe RJSPF is a new integration of disparate theories of job search experiences in a literature that lacks an organizing framework and perspective on the unique challenges refugees face in this area compared to other newcomers. In doing so, the authors use an interdisciplinary, multi-level approach that extends the nomological network of barriers facing refugees, therefore informing future research and practice.