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Contemporary civilisational analysis has emerged in the post-Cold War period as a forming but already controversial field of scholarship. This book focuses on the scholarship produced in this field since the 1970s. It begins with anthropological axioms posited by Ibn Khaldun, Simon Bolivar and George Pachymeres. Three conceptual images of civilisations are prominent in the field. First, civilisations are conceived as socio-cultural units, entities or blocs in an 'integrationist' image. They emerge out of long-term uneven historical processes. Finally, in a 'relational' image civilisations are believed to gain definition and institute developmental patterns through inter-societal and inter-cultural encounters. The book traces the history of semantic developments of the notions of 'civilisation' and 'civilisations' coextensive with the expansion of Europe's empires and consubstantial with colonialism. Early modernities are more important in the long formation of capitalism. Outlining the conceptual framework of inter-civilisational engagement, the book analytically plots the ties instituted by human imaginaries across four dimensions of inter-civilisational engagement. It also interrogates the relationship between oceans, seas and civilisations. Oceanian civilisation exhibits patterns of deep engagement and connection. Though damaged, Pacific cultures have invoked their own counter-imaginary in closer proximity to past islander experiences. Collective memory provides resources for coping with critical issues. The book also explores Latin American and Japanese experiences that shed light on the engagement of civilisations, applying the model of inter-civilisational engagement to modern perspectives in culture and the arts, politics, theology and political economy.

Ray-finned fish are often excluded from the group of non-human animals considered to have phenomenal consciousness. This is generally done on the grounds that the fish pallium lacks a sufficiently expansive gross parcellation, as well as even minimally sufficient neuronal organization, intrinsic connectivity, and reciprocal extrinsic connections with the thalamus to support the subjective experience of qualia. It is also argued that fish do not exhibit the level of behavioral flexibility indicative of consciousness. A review of neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and behavioral studies is presented which leads to the conclusion that fish do have neurobiological correlates and behavioral flexibility of sufficient complexity to support the hypothesis that they are capable of phenomenal consciousness.

This volume of 23 previously unpublished essays explores the relationship between the philosophy of J.G. Fichte and that of other leading thinkers associated with German Idealism and the early Romantic movement. Several papers explore the broader question of Fichte's relationship and contribution to "German idealism" and "German romanticism" in general, while others offer comparative studies of the relationship between Fichte's writings and those of Leibniz, Kant, Schelling, Hegel, Friedrich Schlegel, Novalis, Schleiermacher, and Wilhelm von Humboldt. Taken collectively, this set of essays pro

Kant in Brazil is a collected volume of essays conceived at the 2005 International Kant Congress in Sao Paulo as a way to make accessible to Anglophone Kant scholars some of the best work on Kant produced by Brazilian scholars. The availability of this material in English for the first time will promote interaction between North American and Brazilian scholars as well as enable Anglophone readers worldwide to incorporate excellent but previously neglected work into their own debates about Kant. The book contains an editor's introduction providing an overview of the institutional structure of Kant studies in Brazil. The essays that follow, translated from Portuguese, include a survey of the history of Kant studies in Brazil over the past two centuries as well as interpretive essays that span the corpus of Kant's work in theoretical philosophy, ethics, political philosophy, history, aesthetics, and teleology. Various styles of philosophy are put into practice as well: analytical, philological, reflective, comparative, displaying the broad and diverse nature of Brazilian philosophy. Frederick Rauscher is associate professor of philosophy at Michigan State University. Daniel Omar Perez is professor of philosophy at the Pontifical Catholic University of Parana, Brazil

This is the first ever collected volume on John Austin, whose role in the founding of analytical jurisprudence is unquestionable. After 150 years, time has come to assess his legacy. The book fills a void in existing literature, by letting top scholars with diverse outlooks flesh out and discuss Austin's legacy today. A nuanced, vibrant, and richly diverse picture of both his legal and ethical theories emerges, making a case for a renewal of interest in his work. The book applies multiple perspectives, reflecting Austin's various interests - stretching from moral theory to theory of law and state, from roman law to constitutional law - and it offers a comparative outlook on Austin and his legacy on the backdrop of the contemporary debate and major movements within legal theory. It sheds new light on some central issues of practical reasoning: the relation between law and morals, the nature of legal systems, the function of effectiveness, the value-free character of legal theory, the connection between normative and factual inquiries in the law, the role of power, the character of obedience and the notion of duty?

Cet ouvrage vise à offrir un survol de huit grandes familles d'idéologies politiques : le libéralisme, le conservatisme, le socialisme-communisme, l'anarchisme, le libertarianisme, le fascisme, le nationalisme et l'écologisme. La démarche qui préside à son organisation est à la fois synthétique et comparative. Synthétique, dans la mesure où elle vise d'abord à mettre au jour ce qui constitue les « idées maîtresses » de chacune de ces grandes familles idéologiques. Comparative, car elle s'emploie ensuite à mettre en rapport chacune de ces familles les unes avec les autres, et cel

Introduction: Moral globalization and its discontents -- Jackson Heights, New York: Diversity Plaza -- Los Angeles: the moral operating systems of global cities -- Rio de Janeiro: order, corruption, and public trust -- Bosnia: war and reconciliation -- Myanmar: the politics of moral narrative -- Fukushima: resilience and the unimaginable -- South Africa: after the rainbow -- Conclusion: Human rights, global ethics, and the ordinary virtues.

"This book challenges the standard view of the relationship between Kant's and Sartre's practical philosophies, making a case for regarding Kant as one of Sartre's most significant predecessors. By using an original comparative methodology, the book identifies several fundamental theses of Sartre's practical philosophy despite the common reading of Sartre as a philosopher without a practical philosophy. Furthermore, the book shows that Sartre's practical philosophy proves to be closer to Kant than dominant contemporary Kantian theories are. Starting from the similarities between Kant and Sartre, the book uncovers the project of a critical ethics which is philosophically more compelling than dominant contemporary Kantian theories"--

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Series Preface -- Introduction -- Part I The Concept of Justice -- 1 T.D. Campbell (1974), 'Humanity before Justice', British Journal of Political Science, 4, pp. 1-16 -- 2 Loren E. Lomasky (1995), 'Justice to Charity', Social Philosophy and Policy, 12, pp. 32-53 -- 3 Joel Feinberg (1974), 'Noncomparative Justice', Philosophical Review, 83, pp. 297-338 -- 4 Phillip Montague (1980), 'Comparative and Non-comparative Justice', Philosophical Quarterly, 30, pp. 131-40 -- Part II Justice - Desert - Redistribution -- 5 Michael A. Slote (1973), 'Desert, Consent, and Justice', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 2, pp. 323-47 -- 6 Christopher Ake (1975), 'Justice as Equality', Philosophy & Public Affairs, 5, pp. 69-89 -- 7 Julian Lamont (1995), 'Problems for Effort-Based Distribution Principles', Journal of Applied Philosophy, 12, pp. 215-29 -- 8 Robert E. Goodin (1985), 'Negating Positive Desert Claims', Political Theory, 13, pp. 575-98 -- 9 Francis Snare (1986), 'Misfortune and Injustice: On Being Disadvantaged', Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 16, pp. 39-61 -- 10 Alan H. Goldman (1987), 'Real People (Natural Differences and the Scope of Justice)', Canadian Journal of Philosophy, 17, pp. 377-93 -- Part III Political Liberalism and Justice -- 11 John Rawls (1989), 'The Domain of the Political and Overlapping Consensus', New York University Law Review, 64, pp. 233-55 -- 12 John Rawls (1997), 'The Idea of Public Reason Revisited', University of Chicago Law Review, 64, pp. 765-807 -- 13 William A. Galston (1989), 'Pluralism and Social Unity', Ethics, 99, pp. 711-26 -- 14 Kurt Baier (1989), 'Justice and the Aims of Political Philosophy', Ethics, 99, pp. 771-90 -- 15 Michael J. Sandel (1994), 'Political Liberalism', Harvard Law Review, 107, pp. 1765-94

As a step towards a systematic comparative evaluation of the fairness of different language policies, a rationale is presented for the design of an index of linguistic justice based on public policy analysis. The approach taken is to define a 'minimum threshold of linguistic justice' with respect to government language policy in three domains: law and order, public administration, and essential services. A hypothetical situation of pure equality and freedom in the choice of language used by all members of society in communicating with the state is used as a theoretical benchmark to study the distributive effects of policy alternatives. Departures from this standard incur lower scores. Indicators are chosen to assess effective access to three kinds of language rights: toleration (the lack of state interference in private language choices), accommodation (accessibility of public services in different languages), and compensation (symbolic and practical recognition of languages outside the dominant one). In order to take account of the cost-benefit trade-offs involved in providing language-related goods to language groups of varying sizes, a method is adopted for weighting scores with respect to compensation rights so that lack of recognition for larger groups incurs greater penalties, while factoring in the particular characteristics of each language-related good. A trial set of ten indicators illustrates the compromises entailed in balancing theoretical rigour with empirical feasibility.

The paper characterizes the state of the nationwide and ethnic identities in relation to both each other and regional and macroregional identity types of young people of different nationalities in four polyethnic Siberian republics (Altai, Tyva, Khakassia, Yakutia). The material was gathered from the data of the ethnosociological research conducted by a group of scientists from the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Siberian Branch of the RAS in 2000-2010.The paper establishes the topicality of ethnic identity alongside nationwide (civil) identity as a major condition for Russia's well-being. It also unravels the specific of youth identity strategies in the republics depending on their particular ethnic group. It analyses the identity strategies in the gender aspect, as well as the answers breakdown by the older reference group of respondents in the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic with the aim of comparative evaluation of the extent to which different types of identity are expressed.The identity type expressed to the greatest extent is nationwide (the number of people who do not consider this type of identity to be important is 7 per cent or lower in each republic). Other identity types are quite popular with young people as well; however, they are expressed to a lesser extent. The exception is Tyva, where the regional and ethnic identity nearly equal nationwide in importance. A fairly balanced structure of the identity matrix of young people is also noted. It is expressed in a moderate extent of the urgency of ethnic, macroregional, and regional identity, with the overall dominance of nationwide. A special emphasis is placed on the conflict-free coexistence of ethnic and nationwide identities in the mass consciousness of the people living in the republics.The conclusion is drawn as follows: the comparative well-being of the ethnosocial situation in the republics under research is reached, among other things, by means of the balance of different identity types. It sets important preconditions for optimal development of the regional interethnic communities within the united Russian state. It is shown that the social identity types in question do not contradict one another in their bearers' consciousness, and the harmonious development of the regions under study is possible on the basis of their simultaneous positive stimulation. This appears to be an important political task for the modern sociocultural reality of Russia. ; В статье дается характеристика состояния общенациональной и этнической идентичностей в их соотношении как между собой, так и с региональным и макрорегиональным видами идентичности у молодежи разных национальностей в четырех полиэтничных республиках Сибири (Алтай, Тува, Хакасия, Якутия). Материалом выступили данные этносоциологических исследований коллектива ученых Института философии и права СО РАН в 2000–2010 гг.Зафиксирована актуальность этнической идентичности наряду с общенациональной (гражданской) идентичностью как важного условия благополучного развития России. Выявлена специфика идентификационных стратегий молодежи в республиках в зависимости от принадлежности к конкретной этнической группе. Проведен анализ идентификационных стратегий в гендерном аспекте, а также анализ распределений ответов контрольной группы респондентов более старших возрастов в Республике Саха (Якутия) с целью сравнительной оценки степени выраженности разных видов идентичности.В большей степени выраженным видом идентичности является общенациональная (число тех, для кого этот вид идентичности не является важным, не превышало 7% в каждой из республик). Другие виды идентичности также достаточно востребованы среди молодежи, хотя и выражены в несколько меньшей степени. Исключение составляет Тува, где региональная и этническая идентичности по значимости практически совпадают с общенациональной. Отмечается достаточно сбалансированная структура идентификационной матрицы молодежи. Она выражается в умеренной степени актуальности этнической, макрорегиональной и региональной идентичности при общем доминировании общенациональной. Особо акцентируется бесконфликтное сосуществование этнической и общенациональной идентичностей в массовом сознании жителей республик.Сделан вывод, что относительное благополучие этносоциальной ситуации и межэтнических отношений в исследуемых республиках достигается, в том числе, благодаря наличию баланса разных видов идентичностей. Это создает важные предпосылки оптимального развития региональных межэтнических сообществ в рамках единого Российского государства. Показано, что рассматриваемые виды социальной идентичности не противоречат друг другу в сознании их носителей, а гармоничное развитие межэтнических сообществ исследуемых регионов возможно на основе их одновременного позитивного стимулирования, что представляется важной для современной социокультурной действительности Российской Федерации политической задачей.

Intro -- Montesquieu and His Legacy -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. What Montesquieu Taught:"Perfection Does Not Concern Men or Things Universally" -- Part I. Morals and Manners in the Work of Montesquieu -- 2. Morals and Manners in Montesquieu's Analysis of the British System of Liberty -- 3. Honor, Interest, Virtue: The Affective Foundations of the Political in The Spirit of Laws -- 4. On the Proper Use of the Stick: The Spirit of Laws and the Chinese Empire -- 5. Montesquieu on Power: Beyond Checks and Balances -- Part II. Montesquieu's Legacy in Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Political Thought -- 6. Montesquieu's Constitutional Legacies -- 7. Montesquieu's Humanité and Rousseau's Pitié -- 8. Montesquieu and Tocqueville as Philosophical Historians: Liberty, Determinism, and the Prospects for Freedom -- 9. Montesquieu and the Scottish Enlightenment -- Part III. Montesquieu and Comparative Constitutional Law -- 10. Montesquieu and the Renaissance of Comparative Public Law -- 11. Free Speech and The Spirit of Laws in Canada and the United States: A Test of Montesquieu's Approach to Comparative Law -- 12. Montesquieu's Persian Letters: A Timely Classic -- 13. Montesquieu and Us -- 14. Montesquieu and the Future of Liberalism -- 15. Montesquieu and Liberalism: The Question of Pluralism -- About the Contributors -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y.