Suchergebnisse

Iranian sociology first drew inspiration from French sociology, but although French influence is still felt, the influence of the American school is increasing. While sociology was founded in the 19th century in Europe & subsequently in the US, this branch of social science has only recently developed in Iran. Sociology has gradually become more professional, especially since 1957 (when Tehran U instituted a degree in social science) to meet the needs of a changing society. The number of sociology students has steadily increased over the past few years. At present, there are 163 U's & institutions of higher education in Iran, the great majority of which offer courses in sociology, either as a basic or as a secondary subject, in relation to such fields as medicine, agriculture, town planning, public administration, commerce, etc. In June 1975, 32,128 students elected to specialize in the social sciences, representing 23.7% of the total N of Iranian U students. This proportion increased from 20.3% for the 1969/70 academic year. The progress of field research is accounted for by the interest recently shown therein by planners & decision-makers. The state has been both the chief financial backer & the chief customer for research. Iran needs a sociology firmly rooted in its own culture, to enable Iranian society to gain a full understanding of its own essential character. The application of sociological research methods imported from the West gives rise, in many respects, to problems of basic importance & leaves much to be desired. 1 Table. Modified AA.

"The objective of this paper is to present the possible contribution of an innovative
method referred to as qualimetrics intervention-research because
it helps measuring the impact of action-research processes, not only from
a qualitative point of view, but also from quantitative and financial ones.
It brings to light the necessary requirements or conditions to obtain the
creation of generic contingency in the field of action-research through a
"Contradictory inter-subjectivity" principle. These concepts are illustrated
with reference to an experiment conducted in a construction site on behalf
of the ministry of public works. The objective was to design innovative
methods to reconcile quality-safety and environmental standards with
budget constraints." (author's abstract)

This opinion piece aims to inform future research funding programs on responsible research practices (RRP) based on three specific objectives: (1) to give a sketch of the current international discussion on responsible research practices (RRPs); (2) to give an overview of current initiatives and already obtained results regarding RRP; and (3) to give an overview of potential future needs for research on RRP. In this opinion piece, we have used seven iterative methodological steps (including literature review, ranking, and sorting exercises) to create the proposed research agenda. We identified six main themes that we believe need attention in future research: (1) responsible evaluation of research and researchers, (2) the influence of open science and transparency on RRP, (3) research on responsible mentoring, supervision, and role modeling, (4) the effect of education and training on RRP, (5) checking for reproducibility, and (6) responsible and fair peer review. These themes have in common that they address aspects of research that are mostly on the level of the scientific system, more than on the level of the individual researcher. Some current initiatives are already gathering substantial empirical evidence to start filling these gaps. We believe that with sufficient support from all relevant stakeholders, more progress can be made.

An understanding of why parents provide consent for adolescent participation in research on sensitive topics can inform and improve the ethical conduct and review of such research. As part of a longitudinal study of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in lower-income adolescents, we asked 134 parents why they permitted their daughter to participate, analyzing responses using qualitative methods. Over half described participation benefits, providing reasons such as the study being generally good for their daughters, sex education, someone to talk to, and STI testing. Other reasons included positive interactions and familiarity with research and clinical staff, friend or family member participation, and adolescent autonomy in making the decision to participate. If parents perceived their daughter to be "at risk" in some way, such as for STI or pregnancy, they were more likely to cite participation benefits. These data can be used to make such research more sensitive to family and community needs.

How do researchers studying the cultural aspects of consumption theorize change? We propose four analytical workbench modes of process theorization in combination with nine genres of process-oriented consumer research, each presenting a distinctive combination of assumptions about the nature of change in market and consumption systems and consumers' role in these processes. Through this framework, we provide consumer researchers with a useful interpretive tool kit for deriving a process-oriented theorization from the unwieldy complexity of longitudinal data.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to draw on the author's research involving girls who leave their Torres Strait Island communities for boarding colleges in regional Queensland, Australia, and the academic, social and cultural implications that impede the transition process between community and school. While this paper discusses some of the research outcomes, its main focus is the unique indigenous research paradigm "Family+Stories=Research", devised for and utilised within this project. This paradigm centres on the Australian indigenous kinship system and was implemented in two specific phases of the research process. These were: the preliminary research process leading up to the implementation of the research project; and the data collection phase. In turn, both phases enable the cultural significance of the kinship system to be better understood through the results. Because observations and storytelling or "yarning" were primarily used through both phases, these results also endorse the experience of the participants, and the author – both professionally and personally – without requiring further analysis.


Design/methodology/approach
The indigenous research paradigm and methodology unique to this research project implements the kinship system, allowing the researcher to access the appropriate resources and people for the project. Prior to the data collection phase, contact with significant community members in both boarding colleges and the Torres Strait Region was made. The methodology implemented for the research project was ethnographic and used observations, individual interviews and focus groups. The views and experiences of 26 past and present students, and 15 staff, both indigenous and non-indigenous, across three different boarding colleges were recorded.


Findings
Through both phases of the research project, the kinship system played a significant role in the ethnographic research process and data collection phase, which focussed on two key areas encompassed within the kinship system: "business" and the "care of children". Stories from the researcher and the participants confirm the significant role that the kinship system can play within the indigenous research paradigm: Family+Stories=Research.


Originality/value
The paper introduces an indigenous research paradigm and methodology designed around two factors: family and stories. This paper brings to light the impact of the kinship system used within communities of the Torres Strait Islands and explains how this system advantaged the research process and the data collection phase by enabling the researcher to freely access stories specific to the research project.

Genetic research can produce information that is beyond the aims of the research study yet may be of clinical or personal interest to study participants. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 44 researchers who were asked to describe how they would respond to a hypothetical vignette regarding the disclosure of findings with unanticipated clinical significance to research study participants. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content and thematic analyses. Researchers' decision-making processes about whether to disclose incidental findings were governed by potentially conflicting duties in three primary domains: Information quality, adherence to rules, and participant welfare. There are several actions researchers can take to prepare for incidental findings, including: Adding specific language in informed consent documents to state clearly how investigators will handle disclosure; exploring how prepared participants might be during the consent process to make decisions about how they would like to be approached in the event of incidental findings; developing procedures for appropriately communicating individual results and providing follow-up support based on participant preferences; and, in genetic research, having an awareness of the range of traits expressed by the genes under study.

Current literature stresses the significance of networks and network theory in both social as well as technical domains. Not only is the role of networked technologies (such as mobile phones and the internet) in everyday life being scrutinized, but network theory is re-shaping an understanding of how social change and community interaction occurs. In this article, I build on these developments to propose network action research as a methodological variant of the action research family. I propose that network action research is a timely and appropriate research methodology to guide studies that involve people, place and technology and to meet the challenges that stem from the changing nature of community interaction and social formations within a network society. I outline how technology can be used to operationalize and support network action research. Examples from two case studies are used to illustrate key aspects of the methodology.

Researchers are expected to produce original findings, yet nobody explains how original contributions are conceived in economics. Recently there have been calls for more creativity in economic research, yet there is no literature that explores creative research apart from collections of biographical essays. This book aims to address that gap, exploring the process of conceiving and generating ideas for interesting and original research contributions in economics (and potentially other social sciences too). Creative Research in Economics serves both a practical and theoretical purpose. Theoretically it presents a unique way of thinking about the nature of problems and questions in economics and the role of social science researchers in society. As such it offers an interesting way to think about the philosophy of science and methodology in economics, and how new ideas emerge in the discipline. Practically it develops techniques for finding interesting and original research contributions (as opposed to conventional data-gathering research). Whether you are a graduate student looking for that first interesting question, a novice researcher in search of fresh avenues for research after your PhD, or a seasoned academic looking to teach the philosophy and methodology of economics in more interesting ways, you will find this book of great use.

Hearings held Jan. 15-July 18, 1958. ; pt. 1. Background testimony.-- pt. 2. Military research representatives. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Legal research and legal writing are often informed by preconceptions closely tied to mainstream legal assumptions. Asking the right questions is a much needed exercise to expose ideological and methodological preconceptions in legal research. This compilation of texts draws upon some provocative questions such as: Why legal methodology? Why human rights? Why anti-discrimination? Why social justice? Why efficiency? Why democracy? Why the public / private law divide? Why should international law be law? Why socialise risks? These questions were asked during two popular editions of a seminar called the 'Why-Seminar' at the European University Institute. They ended up creating an 'experimental setting' where researchers discussed their methodological choices and were challenged to disclose their methodological preconceptions. Interdisciplinarity became an essential, and in many ways, surprising tool to deeply understanding legal phenomena or phenomena with legal reverberance. Interdisciplinary research revealed that serendipity can also be a good ally of the legal researcher.