Suchergebnisse

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Scientific Problem Health care is the underlying value for a society aspiring after quality of life. This is a field where the quality of services is assessed by experts, not by service receivers. For this reason, results can be visible after quite a long time when it is too late to correct them. The inherent human right to have better health, a healthy environment and acceptable, accessible and appropriate health care is defined in the Health System Legislation of the Lithuanian Republic (1994). The main goal of the entire health care system is to assure this inherent human right. Health policy began to take shape in 1990, at the restoration of independence in Lithuania. Financing according to the rigid articles of financial estimates, extensive increase in the number of stationary services and health care specialists, passive policy, oriented only to the treatment of diseases, and a biomedical attitude towards health were all gradually replaced. Attention has been focussed on the creation of active policy. One of the main orientations of health system development has been the reorganization of training for health care specialists – nurses – in accordance with EU standards, especially to ensure that practising nurses have the opportunity for professional expression. The reform of the health care system has also created more tasks – planning of nursing staff demand, licensing of specialists, their motivation, etc. The reform of nursing science, training of general care nurses, development of the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities and liabilities of specialists, bear witness to the fact that sufficient attention is being directed to the development of health care human resources. However, the low financing of the health sector, uneven distribution of human resources, reduction in the number of nurses and the growing emigration tendency remain relevant questions on the agenda of those determining Lithuanian health policy. Nursing specialists are the most numerous group of health care specialists. They are independent specialists, equal members of the personal health care specialists' team, able to execute these basic functions: • nursing – identification of problems, planning, anticipation of actions, procedures and their implementation, nursing supervision and assessment; • teaching, consulting - are part of the nursing process, requiring specific knowledge and skills; • management – could be a team leader, nursing administrator; • investigation – applied research, which assures feedback, improved nursing facilities. According to Lithuanian Health Information Centre data, 25169 nurses worked in health care institutions in 2006; this number comprises 32 % of all specialists working in the health care sector. Exceptional features of this decade – reform of nursing science has been developed intensively, general care nurses have been trained following requirements of EU sectoral Directive, the legal basis, regulating rights, responsibilities, and liabilities of specialists have been established. However, while intensively pursuing health reform, optimizing the net of institutions, redistributing functions among different health care sectors, changing the subordination of health care institutions (decentralisation), and transferring administration to municipal or county levels, the demand for nurses has not yet been calculated or planned. This factor responded to changes in the number of specialists, since the number of nurses in the labour market fell by 20,2 % from 1993 to 2006. Nursing science, or nursing as a discipline or profession, challenges nurses to accept the health care organizational culture during their period of professional socialization (formation). Organizational culture is identified with socialization, because social changes are concurrent with the specialist's acquisition of professional values and attitudes. A socialized nurse is dedicated to this profession, envisages the evident perspective of nursing by identifying and solving problems, thinks like a nurse possessing critical thinking skills. The process of professional socialization and its analysis is valuable because it enables nurses to perform their professional role in an appropriate way. The lack of socialization in the nursing profession is to be related with employee turnover, burn-out and diminished productivity. The essence of health care reform is the process of systemic and structural change, aspiring to provide the population of a country with better and higher quality health care services at lower cost. The activity of a health system depends on people who are providing health care services, knowledge, skills, attitudes and motivation, i.e. professional socialization.

Índice Artículos Imágenes sobre la institución y la fuerza en policías venezolanos: una perspectiva desde el análisis del discurso. Institutional and physical force images among venezuelan police officers, a perspective from discourse analysis. Images sur l'institution et la force des policiers venezueliens: une perspective dès l'analyse du discours. Imagens sobre a instituição e a força em policiais venezuelanos: uma perspectiva desde a análise do discurso. Alvarez Muro, María Alexandra; Gabaldón, Luis Gerardo y Birkbeck, Christopher Howard La extradición y la orden europea de detención y entrega. Extradition and the european order for arrest and handing over. L'extradition et l'ordre européenne de détention et remise. A extradição e a ordem européia de detenção e entrega. Cuerda Riezu, Antonio Estudio descriptivo de los estudiantes de nivel medio expuestos al riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Una muestra representativa. A descriptive study of secondary education students exposed to drug use. A representative sample. Étude descriptive des étudiants du niveau moyen exposés à la consommation des substances psycho actives. Une démonstration représentative. Estudo descritivo de estudantes do ensino médio expostos ao consumo de sustâncias psico-ativas. Uma amostra representativa. Urdaneta Morales, Aubin El ministerio público en su ambito nacional e internacional y el proceso penal llevado ante el sistema jurisdiccional de la corte penal internacional. The public prosecutor in the national and international spheres and criminal procedure in the international criminal court. Le ministère public dans le cadre national et international et le processus pénal mené devant le système judiciaire de la cour pénale internationale. O ministerio publico em seu âmbito nacional e internacional e o processo penal levado perante o sistema jurisdicional da corte penal internacional. Borrego, Carmelo Acciones a propio riesgo. Actions taken at one's own risk. Actions à risque personnel. Ações a próprio risco. López Díaz, Claudia Sistema penal y reforma legal en Venezuela: la tensión entre el estado constitucional y el estado policial. The criminal system and legal reform in Venezuela tension between the constitutional state and the police state. Le système pénal et la réforme légale au Venezuela: la tension entre l'État constitutionnel et l'État policier. Sistema penal e reforma legal na Venezuela: a tensão entre o estado consitucional e o estado policial. Rosales, Elsie Actuación policial frente a una protesta política, cuando la política se vuelve global. Comparación de la actuación policial para mantener el orden público en Canadá y Bolivia. Policing political protest when politics go global. Comparing public order policing in Canada and Bolivia. Actuation policière face à une protestation politique, lorsque la politique devient globale; comparaison de l'actuation policière dans le maintient de l'ordre public au Canada et en Bolivie. ação policial perante um protesto político, quando a política vira global; comparação da atuação policial para manter a ordem pública no Canadá e na Bolivia. Sheptycki, James Jean Paul Marat y la ilustración penal. Jean Paul Marat and penal enlightenment. Jean Paul Marat et l'illustration pénale. Jean Paul Marat e a ilustração penal. Llobet Rodríguez, Javier Algunos líneamientos para la creación de un nuevo código penal desde la perspectiva de la docencia criminológica. Some ideas for the creation of a new criminal code, from the perspective of teaching criminology. Quelques directrices pour la création d'un nouveau code pénal, du point de vue de l'enseignement criminologique. Algumas diretrizes para a criação de um novo código penal desde a perspectiva da docencia criminológica. Morales Manssur, Jorge; Fernández, María Alejandra y Párraga Meléndez, Jesús Enrique Política criminal, terrorismo y reforma penal: el caso Venezuela. Crime policy, terrorism and the reform of criminal law: the Venezuelan case. Politique criminelle, terrorisme et réforme pénal: le cas Vénézuélien. Política criminal, terrorismo e reforma penal: o caso Venezuela. Martínez Rincones, José Francisco El "Derecho penal del enemigo": evolución (¿o ambigüedades?) del concepto y su justificación. Criminal law for enemies: evolution (or ambiguities?) of the concept, and its justification. Le "droit pénal de l'ennemi": evolution (¿Ou Ambiguïtés?) du concept et sa justification. O "direito penal do inimigo": evolução (ou ambigüidades?) do conceito e sua justificação. Modolell González, Juan Luis Documento de Derecho Penal Una tercera forma de realización del tipo: la interrupción de cursos causales salvadores. Gimbernat Ordeig, Enrique ; 321-341 ; paraima@cantv.net ; anual ; Nivel analítico

Índice Artículos Imágenes sobre la institución y la fuerza en policías venezolanos: una perspectiva desde el análisis del discurso. Institutional and physical force images among venezuelan police officers, a perspective from discourse analysis. Images sur l'institution et la force des policiers venezueliens: une perspective dès l'analyse du discours. Imagens sobre a instituição e a força em policiais venezuelanos: uma perspectiva desde a análise do discurso. Alvarez Muro, María Alexandra; Gabaldón, Luis Gerardo y Birkbeck, Christopher Howard La extradición y la orden europea de detención y entrega. Extradition and the european order for arrest and handing over. L'extradition et l'ordre européenne de détention et remise. A extradição e a ordem européia de detenção e entrega. Cuerda Riezu, Antonio Estudio descriptivo de los estudiantes de nivel medio expuestos al riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Una muestra representativa. A descriptive study of secondary education students exposed to drug use. A representative sample. Étude descriptive des étudiants du niveau moyen exposés à la consommation des substances psycho actives. Une démonstration représentative. Estudo descritivo de estudantes do ensino médio expostos ao consumo de sustâncias psico-ativas. Uma amostra representativa. Urdaneta Morales, Aubin El ministerio público en su ambito nacional e internacional y el proceso penal llevado ante el sistema jurisdiccional de la corte penal internacional. The public prosecutor in the national and international spheres and criminal procedure in the international criminal court. Le ministère public dans le cadre national et international et le processus pénal mené devant le système judiciaire de la cour pénale internationale. O ministerio publico em seu âmbito nacional e internacional e o processo penal levado perante o sistema jurisdicional da corte penal internacional. Borrego, Carmelo Acciones a propio riesgo. Actions taken at one's own risk. Actions à risque personnel. Ações a próprio risco. López Díaz, Claudia Sistema penal y reforma legal en Venezuela: la tensión entre el estado constitucional y el estado policial. The criminal system and legal reform in Venezuela tension between the constitutional state and the police state. Le système pénal et la réforme légale au Venezuela: la tension entre l'État constitutionnel et l'État policier. Sistema penal e reforma legal na Venezuela: a tensão entre o estado consitucional e o estado policial. Rosales, Elsie Actuación policial frente a una protesta política, cuando la política se vuelve global. Comparación de la actuación policial para mantener el orden público en Canadá y Bolivia. Policing political protest when politics go global. Comparing public order policing in Canada and Bolivia. Actuation policière face à une protestation politique, lorsque la politique devient globale; comparaison de l'actuation policière dans le maintient de l'ordre public au Canada et en Bolivie. ação policial perante um protesto político, quando a política vira global; comparação da atuação policial para manter a ordem pública no Canadá e na Bolivia. Sheptycki, James Jean Paul Marat y la ilustración penal. Jean Paul Marat and penal enlightenment. Jean Paul Marat et l'illustration pénale. Jean Paul Marat e a ilustração penal. Llobet Rodríguez, Javier Algunos líneamientos para la creación de un nuevo código penal desde la perspectiva de la docencia criminológica. Some ideas for the creation of a new criminal code, from the perspective of teaching criminology. Quelques directrices pour la création d'un nouveau code pénal, du point de vue de l'enseignement criminologique. Algumas diretrizes para a criação de um novo código penal desde a perspectiva da docencia criminológica. Morales Manssur, Jorge; Fernández, María Alejandra y Párraga Meléndez, Jesús Enrique Política criminal, terrorismo y reforma penal: el caso Venezuela. Crime policy, terrorism and the reform of criminal law: the Venezuelan case. Politique criminelle, terrorisme et réforme pénal: le cas Vénézuélien. Política criminal, terrorismo e reforma penal: o caso Venezuela. Martínez Rincones, José Francisco El "Derecho penal del enemigo": evolución (¿o ambigüedades?) del concepto y su justificación. Criminal law for enemies: evolution (or ambiguities?) of the concept, and its justification. Le "droit pénal de l'ennemi": evolution (¿Ou Ambiguïtés?) du concept et sa justification. O "direito penal do inimigo": evolução (ou ambigüidades?) do conceito e sua justificação. Modolell González, Juan Luis Documento de Derecho Penal Una tercera forma de realización del tipo: la interrupción de cursos causales salvadores. Gimbernat Ordeig, Enrique ; 85-113 ; icpc@cantv.net ; anual ; Nivel analítico

Índice Artículos Imágenes sobre la institución y la fuerza en policías venezolanos: una perspectiva desde el análisis del discurso. Institutional and physical force images among venezuelan police officers, a perspective from discourse analysis. Images sur l'institution et la force des policiers venezueliens: une perspective dès l'analyse du discours. Imagens sobre a instituição e a força em policiais venezuelanos: uma perspectiva desde a análise do discurso. Alvarez Muro, María Alexandra; Gabaldón, Luis Gerardo y Birkbeck, Christopher Howard La extradición y la orden europea de detención y entrega. Extradition and the european order for arrest and handing over. L'extradition et l'ordre européenne de détention et remise. A extradição e a ordem européia de detenção e entrega. Cuerda Riezu, Antonio Estudio descriptivo de los estudiantes de nivel medio expuestos al riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Una muestra representativa. A descriptive study of secondary education students exposed to drug use. A representative sample. Étude descriptive des étudiants du niveau moyen exposés à la consommation des substances psycho actives. Une démonstration représentative. Estudo descritivo de estudantes do ensino médio expostos ao consumo de sustâncias psico-ativas. Uma amostra representativa. Urdaneta Morales, Aubin El ministerio público en su ambito nacional e internacional y el proceso penal llevado ante el sistema jurisdiccional de la corte penal internacional. The public prosecutor in the national and international spheres and criminal procedure in the international criminal court. Le ministère public dans le cadre national et international et le processus pénal mené devant le système judiciaire de la cour pénale internationale. O ministerio publico em seu âmbito nacional e internacional e o processo penal levado perante o sistema jurisdicional da corte penal internacional. Borrego, Carmelo Acciones a propio riesgo. Actions taken at one's own risk. Actions à risque personnel. Ações a próprio risco. López Díaz, Claudia Sistema penal y reforma legal en Venezuela: la tensión entre el estado constitucional y el estado policial. The criminal system and legal reform in Venezuela tension between the constitutional state and the police state. Le système pénal et la réforme légale au Venezuela: la tension entre l'État constitutionnel et l'État policier. Sistema penal e reforma legal na Venezuela: a tensão entre o estado consitucional e o estado policial. Rosales, Elsie Actuación policial frente a una protesta política, cuando la política se vuelve global. Comparación de la actuación policial para mantener el orden público en Canadá y Bolivia. Policing political protest when politics go global. Comparing public order policing in Canada and Bolivia. Actuation policière face à une protestation politique, lorsque la politique devient globale; comparaison de l'actuation policière dans le maintient de l'ordre public au Canada et en Bolivie. ação policial perante um protesto político, quando a política vira global; comparação da atuação policial para manter a ordem pública no Canadá e na Bolivia. Sheptycki, James Jean Paul Marat y la ilustración penal. Jean Paul Marat and penal enlightenment. Jean Paul Marat et l'illustration pénale. Jean Paul Marat e a ilustração penal. Llobet Rodríguez, Javier Algunos líneamientos para la creación de un nuevo código penal desde la perspectiva de la docencia criminológica. Some ideas for the creation of a new criminal code, from the perspective of teaching criminology. Quelques directrices pour la création d'un nouveau code pénal, du point de vue de l'enseignement criminologique. Algumas diretrizes para a criação de um novo código penal desde a perspectiva da docencia criminológica. Morales Manssur, Jorge; Fernández, María Alejandra y Párraga Meléndez, Jesús Enrique Política criminal, terrorismo y reforma penal: el caso Venezuela. Crime policy, terrorism and the reform of criminal law: the Venezuelan case. Politique criminelle, terrorisme et réforme pénal: le cas Vénézuélien. Política criminal, terrorismo e reforma penal: o caso Venezuela. Martínez Rincones, José Francisco El "Derecho penal del enemigo": evolución (¿o ambigüedades?) del concepto y su justificación. Criminal law for enemies: evolution (or ambiguities?) of the concept, and its justification. Le "droit pénal de l'ennemi": evolution (¿Ou Ambiguïtés?) du concept et sa justification. O "direito penal do inimigo": evolução (ou ambigüidades?) do conceito e sua justificação. Modolell González, Juan Luis Documento de Derecho Penal Una tercera forma de realización del tipo: la interrupción de cursos causales salvadores. Gimbernat Ordeig, Enrique ; 273-306 ; jallobet@sol.racsa.co.cr ; anual ; Nivel analítico

Índice Artículos Imágenes sobre la institución y la fuerza en policías venezolanos: una perspectiva desde el análisis del discurso. Institutional and physical force images among venezuelan police officers, a perspective from discourse analysis. Images sur l'institution et la force des policiers venezueliens: une perspective dès l'analyse du discours. Imagens sobre a instituição e a força em policiais venezuelanos: uma perspectiva desde a análise do discurso. Alvarez Muro, María Alexandra; Gabaldón, Luis Gerardo y Birkbeck, Christopher Howard La extradición y la orden europea de detención y entrega. Extradition and the european order for arrest and handing over. L'extradition et l'ordre européenne de détention et remise. A extradição e a ordem européia de detenção e entrega. Cuerda Riezu, Antonio Estudio descriptivo de los estudiantes de nivel medio expuestos al riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Una muestra representativa. A descriptive study of secondary education students exposed to drug use. A representative sample. Étude descriptive des étudiants du niveau moyen exposés à la consommation des substances psycho actives. Une démonstration représentative. Estudo descritivo de estudantes do ensino médio expostos ao consumo de sustâncias psico-ativas. Uma amostra representativa. Urdaneta Morales, Aubin El ministerio público en su ambito nacional e internacional y el proceso penal llevado ante el sistema jurisdiccional de la corte penal internacional. The public prosecutor in the national and international spheres and criminal procedure in the international criminal court. Le ministère public dans le cadre national et international et le processus pénal mené devant le système judiciaire de la cour pénale internationale. O ministerio publico em seu âmbito nacional e internacional e o processo penal levado perante o sistema jurisdicional da corte penal internacional. Borrego, Carmelo Acciones a propio riesgo. Actions taken at one's own risk. Actions à risque personnel. Ações a próprio risco. López Díaz, Claudia Sistema penal y reforma legal en Venezuela: la tensión entre el estado constitucional y el estado policial. The criminal system and legal reform in Venezuela tension between the constitutional state and the police state. Le système pénal et la réforme légale au Venezuela: la tension entre l'État constitutionnel et l'État policier. Sistema penal e reforma legal na Venezuela: a tensão entre o estado consitucional e o estado policial. Rosales, Elsie Actuación policial frente a una protesta política, cuando la política se vuelve global. Comparación de la actuación policial para mantener el orden público en Canadá y Bolivia. Policing political protest when politics go global. Comparing public order policing in Canada and Bolivia. Actuation policière face à une protestation politique, lorsque la politique devient globale; comparaison de l'actuation policière dans le maintient de l'ordre public au Canada et en Bolivie. ação policial perante um protesto político, quando a política vira global; comparação da atuação policial para manter a ordem pública no Canadá e na Bolivia. Sheptycki, James Jean Paul Marat y la ilustración penal. Jean Paul Marat and penal enlightenment. Jean Paul Marat et l'illustration pénale. Jean Paul Marat e a ilustração penal. Llobet Rodríguez, Javier Algunos líneamientos para la creación de un nuevo código penal desde la perspectiva de la docencia criminológica. Some ideas for the creation of a new criminal code, from the perspective of teaching criminology. Quelques directrices pour la création d'un nouveau code pénal, du point de vue de l'enseignement criminologique. Algumas diretrizes para a criação de um novo código penal desde a perspectiva da docencia criminológica. Morales Manssur, Jorge; Fernández, María Alejandra y Párraga Meléndez, Jesús Enrique Política criminal, terrorismo y reforma penal: el caso Venezuela. Crime policy, terrorism and the reform of criminal law: the Venezuelan case. Politique criminelle, terrorisme et réforme pénal: le cas Vénézuélien. Política criminal, terrorismo e reforma penal: o caso Venezuela. Martínez Rincones, José Francisco El "Derecho penal del enemigo": evolución (¿o ambigüedades?) del concepto y su justificación. Criminal law for enemies: evolution (or ambiguities?) of the concept, and its justification. Le "droit pénal de l'ennemi": evolution (¿Ou Ambiguïtés?) du concept et sa justification. O "direito penal do inimigo": evolução (ou ambigüidades?) do conceito e sua justificação. Modolell González, Juan Luis Documento de Derecho Penal Una tercera forma de realización del tipo: la interrupción de cursos causales salvadores. Gimbernat Ordeig, Enrique ; anual ; Nivel monográfico

Índice Artículos Imágenes sobre la institución y la fuerza en policías venezolanos: una perspectiva desde el análisis del discurso. Institutional and physical force images among venezuelan police officers, a perspective from discourse analysis. Images sur l'institution et la force des policiers venezueliens: une perspective dès l'analyse du discours. Imagens sobre a instituição e a força em policiais venezuelanos: uma perspectiva desde a análise do discurso. Alvarez Muro, María Alexandra; Gabaldón, Luis Gerardo y Birkbeck, Christopher Howard La extradición y la orden europea de detención y entrega. Extradition and the european order for arrest and handing over. L'extradition et l'ordre européenne de détention et remise. A extradição e a ordem européia de detenção e entrega. Cuerda Riezu, Antonio Estudio descriptivo de los estudiantes de nivel medio expuestos al riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Una muestra representativa. A descriptive study of secondary education students exposed to drug use. A representative sample. Étude descriptive des étudiants du niveau moyen exposés à la consommation des substances psycho actives. Une démonstration représentative. Estudo descritivo de estudantes do ensino médio expostos ao consumo de sustâncias psico-ativas. Uma amostra representativa. Urdaneta Morales, Aubin El ministerio público en su ambito nacional e internacional y el proceso penal llevado ante el sistema jurisdiccional de la corte penal internacional. The public prosecutor in the national and international spheres and criminal procedure in the international criminal court. Le ministère public dans le cadre national et international et le processus pénal mené devant le système judiciaire de la cour pénale internationale. O ministerio publico em seu âmbito nacional e internacional e o processo penal levado perante o sistema jurisdicional da corte penal internacional. Borrego, Carmelo Acciones a propio riesgo. Actions taken at one's own risk. Actions à risque personnel. Ações a próprio risco. López Díaz, Claudia Sistema penal y reforma legal en Venezuela: la tensión entre el estado constitucional y el estado policial. The criminal system and legal reform in Venezuela tension between the constitutional state and the police state. Le système pénal et la réforme légale au Venezuela: la tension entre l'État constitutionnel et l'État policier. Sistema penal e reforma legal na Venezuela: a tensão entre o estado consitucional e o estado policial. Rosales, Elsie Actuación policial frente a una protesta política, cuando la política se vuelve global. Comparación de la actuación policial para mantener el orden público en Canadá y Bolivia. Policing political protest when politics go global. Comparing public order policing in Canada and Bolivia. Actuation policière face à une protestation politique, lorsque la politique devient globale; comparaison de l'actuation policière dans le maintient de l'ordre public au Canada et en Bolivie. ação policial perante um protesto político, quando a política vira global; comparação da atuação policial para manter a ordem pública no Canadá e na Bolivia. Sheptycki, James Jean Paul Marat y la ilustración penal. Jean Paul Marat and penal enlightenment. Jean Paul Marat et l'illustration pénale. Jean Paul Marat e a ilustração penal. Llobet Rodríguez, Javier Algunos líneamientos para la creación de un nuevo código penal desde la perspectiva de la docencia criminológica. Some ideas for the creation of a new criminal code, from the perspective of teaching criminology. Quelques directrices pour la création d'un nouveau code pénal, du point de vue de l'enseignement criminologique. Algumas diretrizes para a criação de um novo código penal desde a perspectiva da docencia criminológica. Morales Manssur, Jorge; Fernández, María Alejandra y Párraga Meléndez, Jesús Enrique Política criminal, terrorismo y reforma penal: el caso Venezuela. Crime policy, terrorism and the reform of criminal law: the Venezuelan case. Politique criminelle, terrorisme et réforme pénal: le cas Vénézuélien. Política criminal, terrorismo e reforma penal: o caso Venezuela. Martínez Rincones, José Francisco El "Derecho penal del enemigo": evolución (¿o ambigüedades?) del concepto y su justificación. Criminal law for enemies: evolution (or ambiguities?) of the concept, and its justification. Le "droit pénal de l'ennemi": evolution (¿Ou Ambiguïtés?) du concept et sa justification. O "direito penal do inimigo": evolução (ou ambigüidades?) do conceito e sua justificação. Modolell González, Juan Luis Documento de Derecho Penal Una tercera forma de realización del tipo: la interrupción de cursos causales salvadores. Gimbernat Ordeig, Enrique ; 63-84 ; aubinu@ula.ve ; anual ; Nivel analítico

Índice Artículos Imágenes sobre la institución y la fuerza en policías venezolanos: una perspectiva desde el análisis del discurso. Institutional and physical force images among venezuelan police officers, a perspective from discourse analysis. Images sur l'institution et la force des policiers venezueliens: une perspective dès l'analyse du discours. Imagens sobre a instituição e a força em policiais venezuelanos: uma perspectiva desde a análise do discurso. Alvarez Muro, María Alexandra; Gabaldón, Luis Gerardo y Birkbeck, Christopher Howard La extradición y la orden europea de detención y entrega. Extradition and the european order for arrest and handing over. L'extradition et l'ordre européenne de détention et remise. A extradição e a ordem européia de detenção e entrega. Cuerda Riezu, Antonio Estudio descriptivo de los estudiantes de nivel medio expuestos al riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Una muestra representativa. A descriptive study of secondary education students exposed to drug use. A representative sample. Étude descriptive des étudiants du niveau moyen exposés à la consommation des substances psycho actives. Une démonstration représentative. Estudo descritivo de estudantes do ensino médio expostos ao consumo de sustâncias psico-ativas. Uma amostra representativa. Urdaneta Morales, Aubin El ministerio público en su ambito nacional e internacional y el proceso penal llevado ante el sistema jurisdiccional de la corte penal internacional. The public prosecutor in the national and international spheres and criminal procedure in the international criminal court. Le ministère public dans le cadre national et international et le processus pénal mené devant le système judiciaire de la cour pénale internationale. O ministerio publico em seu âmbito nacional e internacional e o processo penal levado perante o sistema jurisdicional da corte penal internacional. Borrego, Carmelo Acciones a propio riesgo. Actions taken at one's own risk. Actions à risque personnel. Ações a próprio risco. López Díaz, Claudia Sistema penal y reforma legal en Venezuela: la tensión entre el estado constitucional y el estado policial. The criminal system and legal reform in Venezuela tension between the constitutional state and the police state. Le système pénal et la réforme légale au Venezuela: la tension entre l'État constitutionnel et l'État policier. Sistema penal e reforma legal na Venezuela: a tensão entre o estado consitucional e o estado policial. Rosales, Elsie Actuación policial frente a una protesta política, cuando la política se vuelve global. Comparación de la actuación policial para mantener el orden público en Canadá y Bolivia. Policing political protest when politics go global. Comparing public order policing in Canada and Bolivia. Actuation policière face à une protestation politique, lorsque la politique devient globale; comparaison de l'actuation policière dans le maintient de l'ordre public au Canada et en Bolivie. ação policial perante um protesto político, quando a política vira global; comparação da atuação policial para manter a ordem pública no Canadá e na Bolivia. Sheptycki, James Jean Paul Marat y la ilustración penal. Jean Paul Marat and penal enlightenment. Jean Paul Marat et l'illustration pénale. Jean Paul Marat e a ilustração penal. Llobet Rodríguez, Javier Algunos líneamientos para la creación de un nuevo código penal desde la perspectiva de la docencia criminológica. Some ideas for the creation of a new criminal code, from the perspective of teaching criminology. Quelques directrices pour la création d'un nouveau code pénal, du point de vue de l'enseignement criminologique. Algumas diretrizes para a criação de um novo código penal desde a perspectiva da docencia criminológica. Morales Manssur, Jorge; Fernández, María Alejandra y Párraga Meléndez, Jesús Enrique Política criminal, terrorismo y reforma penal: el caso Venezuela. Crime policy, terrorism and the reform of criminal law: the Venezuelan case. Politique criminelle, terrorisme et réforme pénal: le cas Vénézuélien. Política criminal, terrorismo e reforma penal: o caso Venezuela. Martínez Rincones, José Francisco El "Derecho penal del enemigo": evolución (¿o ambigüedades?) del concepto y su justificación. Criminal law for enemies: evolution (or ambiguities?) of the concept, and its justification. Le "droit pénal de l'ennemi": evolution (¿Ou Ambiguïtés?) du concept et sa justification. O "direito penal do inimigo": evolução (ou ambigüidades?) do conceito e sua justificação. Modolell González, Juan Luis Documento de Derecho Penal Una tercera forma de realización del tipo: la interrupción de cursos causales salvadores. Gimbernat Ordeig, Enrique ; 115-174 ; claulopezd@hotmail.com ; anual ; Nivel analítico

Índice Artículos Imágenes sobre la institución y la fuerza en policías venezolanos: una perspectiva desde el análisis del discurso. Institutional and physical force images among venezuelan police officers, a perspective from discourse analysis. Images sur l'institution et la force des policiers venezueliens: une perspective dès l'analyse du discours. Imagens sobre a instituição e a força em policiais venezuelanos: uma perspectiva desde a análise do discurso. Alvarez Muro, María Alexandra; Gabaldón, Luis Gerardo y Birkbeck, Christopher Howard La extradición y la orden europea de detención y entrega. Extradition and the european order for arrest and handing over. L'extradition et l'ordre européenne de détention et remise. A extradição e a ordem européia de detenção e entrega. Cuerda Riezu, Antonio Estudio descriptivo de los estudiantes de nivel medio expuestos al riesgo de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. Una muestra representativa. A descriptive study of secondary education students exposed to drug use. A representative sample. Étude descriptive des étudiants du niveau moyen exposés à la consommation des substances psycho actives. Une démonstration représentative. Estudo descritivo de estudantes do ensino médio expostos ao consumo de sustâncias psico-ativas. Uma amostra representativa. Urdaneta Morales, Aubin El ministerio público en su ambito nacional e internacional y el proceso penal llevado ante el sistema jurisdiccional de la corte penal internacional. The public prosecutor in the national and international spheres and criminal procedure in the international criminal court. Le ministère public dans le cadre national et international et le processus pénal mené devant le système judiciaire de la cour pénale internationale. O ministerio publico em seu âmbito nacional e internacional e o processo penal levado perante o sistema jurisdicional da corte penal internacional. Borrego, Carmelo Acciones a propio riesgo. Actions taken at one's own risk. Actions à risque personnel. Ações a próprio risco. López Díaz, Claudia Sistema penal y reforma legal en Venezuela: la tensión entre el estado constitucional y el estado policial. The criminal system and legal reform in Venezuela tension between the constitutional state and the police state. Le système pénal et la réforme légale au Venezuela: la tension entre l'État constitutionnel et l'État policier. Sistema penal e reforma legal na Venezuela: a tensão entre o estado consitucional e o estado policial. Rosales, Elsie Actuación policial frente a una protesta política, cuando la política se vuelve global. Comparación de la actuación policial para mantener el orden público en Canadá y Bolivia. Policing political protest when politics go global. Comparing public order policing in Canada and Bolivia. Actuation policière face à une protestation politique, lorsque la politique devient globale; comparaison de l'actuation policière dans le maintient de l'ordre public au Canada et en Bolivie. ação policial perante um protesto político, quando a política vira global; comparação da atuação policial para manter a ordem pública no Canadá e na Bolivia. Sheptycki, James Jean Paul Marat y la ilustración penal. Jean Paul Marat and penal enlightenment. Jean Paul Marat et l'illustration pénale. Jean Paul Marat e a ilustração penal. Llobet Rodríguez, Javier Algunos líneamientos para la creación de un nuevo código penal desde la perspectiva de la docencia criminológica. Some ideas for the creation of a new criminal code, from the perspective of teaching criminology. Quelques directrices pour la création d'un nouveau code pénal, du point de vue de l'enseignement criminologique. Algumas diretrizes para a criação de um novo código penal desde a perspectiva da docencia criminológica. Morales Manssur, Jorge; Fernández, María Alejandra y Párraga Meléndez, Jesús Enrique Política criminal, terrorismo y reforma penal: el caso Venezuela. Crime policy, terrorism and the reform of criminal law: the Venezuelan case. Politique criminelle, terrorisme et réforme pénal: le cas Vénézuélien. Política criminal, terrorismo e reforma penal: o caso Venezuela. Martínez Rincones, José Francisco El "Derecho penal del enemigo": evolución (¿o ambigüedades?) del concepto y su justificación. Criminal law for enemies: evolution (or ambiguities?) of the concept, and its justification. Le "droit pénal de l'ennemi": evolution (¿Ou Ambiguïtés?) du concept et sa justification. O "direito penal do inimigo": evolução (ou ambigüidades?) do conceito e sua justificação. Modolell González, Juan Luis Documento de Derecho Penal Una tercera forma de realización del tipo: la interrupción de cursos causales salvadores. Gimbernat Ordeig, Enrique ; 343-362 ; jmodolel@ucab.edu.ve ; anual ; Nivel analítico