Suchergebnisse

Introduction / David Carment and David Bercuson -- A question of degree: the prime minister, political leadership, and Canadian foreign policy / Adam Chapnick -- Assessing the impact of recent immigration trends on Canadian foreign policy / Elizabeth Riddell-Dixon -- Jamaica, Haiti, and the role of diasporas / Andrew Harrington, Stewart Prest, and Per Unheim -- Multiculturalism and Canadian foreign policy / J.L. Granatstein -- The Parizeau-Chrétien version: ethnicity and Canadian grand strategy / David G. Haglund -- Muslim communities: the pitfalls of decision-making in Canadian foreign policy / Sami Aoun -- Just how liberal and democratic is Canadian foreign policy? / Christian Leuprecht and Todd Hataley -- Public perceptions of Canada-US relations: regionalism and diversity / Evan Potter -- Defense policy distorted by the sovereignist prism? The bloc Québécois on security and defense questions (1900-2005) / Stéphane Roussel and Charles-Alexandre Théorêt -- Interpreting Quebec's international relations: whim or necessity? / Nelson Michaud -- Conclusion: putting Canada's diversity into Canadian foreign policy / David Bercuson and David Carment

The historical function of law in the West Indies : creating a future from a troubled past -- Legal traditions : types of legal systems in the Commonwealth Caribbean -- The hybrid legal systems of St Lucia and Guyana -- The reception or imposition of English law and its significance to Caribbean jurisdictions -- Introduction to sources of law -- The written constitution as a legal source -- The common law and the operation of the doctrine of judicial precedent in the commonwealth Caribbean -- Equity as a source of law -- Custom as a source of law -- Convention as a source of law -- International law as a source of law -- Legislation as a source of law -- Statutory interpretation -- The court system of the Commonwealth Caribbean -- The Privy Council -- The renewed inititative towards a Caribbean court of justice -- Specialised courts, tribunals and functions -- The jury system -- The office of the ombudsman -- Alternative dispute mechanisms : arbitration, negotiation and commissions of inquiry

Hundreds of millions of people across the world use the Internet every day. Its functions vary, from shopping and banking to chatting and dating. From a psychological perspective, the Internet has become a major vehicle for interpersonal communication that can significantly affect people's decisions, behaviors, attitudes and emotions. Moreover, its existence has created a virtual social environment in which people can meet, negotiate, collaborate and exchange goods and information. Cyberspace is not just a technical device but a phenomenon which has reduced the world to a proverbial global village, fostering collaborations and international cooperations; thus reducing the barriers of geographical distance and indigenous cultures. Azy Barak and a team of prominent social scientists review a decade of scientific investigations into the social, behavioral and psychological aspects of cyberspace, collating state-of-the-art knowledge in each area. Together they develop emerging conceptualizations and envisage directions and applications for future research

Space Warfare and Defense: A Historical Encyclopedia and Research Guide provides comprehensive coverage of the development of space as a possible arena for warfare, exploring the military uses of space--past, present, and future--and specific details of actual space weapons systems. The encyclopedia spans the breadth of U.S. military space policy; comparable programs in the Soviet Union, China, and the European Union; and the full array of international agreements designed to regulate the military uses of space. In addition, the encyclopedia includes an extensive reference guide (nearly 40 percent of the book) directing readers to the essential literature on space weapons and defense systems produced by the United States, other governments, research institutions, and additional sources. At a time when space is becoming an increasingly important place of military competition and potential conflict, Space Warfare and Defense dispels the myths and examines the realities of what may become humanity's ultimate battlefield

This book provides detailed explanation of the methods used by financial services organizations to manage their consumer credit portfolios for products such as credit cards, personal loans and retail credit agreements. It describes how credit-granting institutions operate and discusses the relationship between the strategic objectives set by senior management and the operational strategies employed by credit professionals working at the coal face of credit provision. Topics covered include organizational structures, marketing, customer acquisition, credit scoring, customer management, collections, debt recovery, legal and ethical issues, provision and capital requirements under BASEL II. Written from an international perspective it provides a unique insight into the world of credit management, combining both academic and practitioner viewpoints. Complex topics are described in an easy to understand way, with technical language kept to a minimum, making specialist topics, such as credit scoring and BASEL II, readily accessible to the general reader.

The paper examines the robustness of Interest Rate Rules, IRRs, in the context of an imperfectly credible stabilization program, closely following the format of much of the literature in open-economy models, e.g., Calvo and Végh (1993 and 1999). A basic result is that IRRs, like Exchange Rate Based Stabilization, ERBS, programs, could give rise to macroeconomic distortion, e.g., underutilization of capacity and real exchange rate misalignment. However, while under imperfect credibility EBRS is associated with overheating and current account deficits, IRRs give rise to somewhat opposite results. Moreover, the paper shows that popular policies to counteract misalignment, like Strategic Foreign Exchange Market Intervention or Controls on International Capital Mobility may not be effective or could even become counterproductive. The bottom line is that the greater exchange rate flexibility granted by IRRs is by far not a sure shot against the macroeconomic costs infringed by imperfect credibility.

New growth models consider the role of technology in production. The link between product flows and information flows in international trade suggests investment in information technology as a leading sector in the developing countries growth. Several studies establish relationships between technology applications, capital formation and economic growth. Therefore establishment of Science Parks is relevant to the investment policies directed towards a rapid economic development. However, a new industrial technology policy and participation in the globalization process must be accompanied by market reforms, organizational change and comprehensive investment in human resources and other development infrastructures to raise production capacity and capability of the labour force to achieve a sustainable knowledge based economic development in the long-run. This essay proposes establishment of Science Parks in the Federal Region of Kurdistan and discusses necessary conditions for such investment to become fruitful and with expected impacts on the region's economic development. -- Science parks ; economic development ; information technology ; industrialization

International trade is frequently thought of as a production technology in which the inputs are exports and the outputs are imports. Exports are transformed into imports at the rate of the price of exports relative to the price of imports: the reciprocal of the terms of trade. Cast this way, a change in the terms of trade acts as a productivity shock. Or does it? In this paper, we show that this line of reasoning cannot work in standard models. Starting with a simple model and then generalizing, we show that changes in the terms of trade have no first-order effect on productivity when output is measured as chain-weighted real gross domestic product. The terms of trade do affect real income and consumption in a country, and we show how measures of real income change with the terms of trade at business cycle frequencies and during financial crises.

This book, the first comprehensive, accessible review of housing in Ireland for many years, introduces key housing developments and also reports on the findings of the latest research on the transformation of the sector in the past decade. Topics include: -the impact of the house price boom on wealth and affordability-the urban renewal schemes and private rented housing-the management of social housing-the accommodation of Travellers and homeless people-rural housing policy and politics. During the past decade, Ireland's economic growth has attracted international attention. This book analyses the consequences of that growth on housing and serves as a primer to other countries on the complexities of delivering sustainable housing solutions in the face of economic success. As such, this book will be of interest to students, practitioners and policy-makers involved in the housing field worldwide and to anyone who wishes to learn more about the causes and effects of Ireland's recent housing boom.

In its study on company taxation the European Commission proposed to provide multinational companies with a Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base (CCCTB) for their EU-wide activities. The application of the CCCTB is limited to the boundaries of the EU. For those cross-border business activities between member states and third countries, separate accounting using arm's length pricing remains. Several issues arise in designing tax rules for cross-border investments involving affiliated companies resident in third countries. This paper investigates options for the tax treatment of non-EU income of EU-resident affiliates and EU income of non-EU-affiliates. It stresses the importance of common tax rules with respect to third countries and discusses different options. However, neither common source based taxation nor common residence based taxation would eliminate tax-induced distortions to business decisions and the international allocation of corporate tax bases across EU countries and third countries.

Warfare was the single biggest preoccupation of historians in antiquity. In recent decades fresh textual interpretations, numerous new archaeological discoveries and a much broader analytical focus emphasising social, economic, political and cultural approaches have transformed our understanding of ancient warfare. Volume I of this two-volume History reflects these developments and provides a systematic account, written by a distinguished cast of contributors, of the various themes underlying the warfare of the Greek world from the Archaic to the Hellenistic period and of Early and Middle Republican Rome. For each broad period developments in troop-types, equipment, strategy and tactics are discussed. These are placed in the broader context of developments in international relations and the relationship of warfare to both the state and wider society. Numerous illustrations, a glossary and chronology, and information about the authors mentioned supplement the text. This will become the primary reference work for specialists and non-specialists alike

Warfare was the single biggest preoccupation of historians in antiquity. In recent decades fresh textual interpretations, numerous new archaeological discoveries and a much broader analytical focus emphasising social, economic, political and cultural approaches have transformed our understanding of ancient warfare. Volume II of this two-volume History reflects these developments and provides a systematic account, written by a distinguished cast of contributors, of the various themes underlying the warfare of the Roman world from the Late Republic to the sixth-century empire of Justinian and his successors. For each broad period developments in troop-types, equipment, strategy and tactics are discussed. These are placed in the broader context of developments in international relations and the relationship of warfare to both the state and wider society. Numerous illustrations, a glossary and chronology, and information about the authors mentioned supplement the text. This will become the primary reference work for specialists and non-specialists alike

Local producers, in their interaction with local processors or exporters and international retailers have the possibility to acquire new skills and knowledge. The type of trust relationship and coordination pattern can determine how information flows and how firms upgrade. In addition, the implementation and compliance with standards provides opportunities for learning and acquiring skills and knowledge. Focusing on this kind of interactions, the study explains how local producers in Honduras engage in upgrading and whether this had an impact on the sales of those firms. The majority of the producers in the sample upgraded their products and internal processes. A limited number of producers engaged in functional upgrading. Most of the producers were aware of the important role of standards. They affirmed that in the process of implementing and complying with standards, they have gained new knowledge and were convinced that they succeeded in securing at better position in the value chain. -- Coordination ; governance ; standards ; upgrading ; value chain analysis ; Honduras

"The rise in world trade since 1970 has raised international mobility of labor services. We study the effect of such a globalization of the world's labor markets. We find that when people can choose between wage work and managerial work, the output gains are U-shaped: A worldwide labor market raises output by more in the rich and the poor countries, and by less in the middle-income countries. This is because the middle-income countries experience the smallest change in the factor-price ratio, and where the option to choose between wage work and managerial work has the least value in the integrated economy. Our theory also establishes that after economic integration, the high skill countries see a disproportionate increase in managerial occupations. Using aggregate data on GDP, openness and occupations from 115 countries, we find evidence for these patterns of occupational choice"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site

"Enterprising World" represents the culmination of several years of work by geographers, planners, and economists. The chapters represent the collective efforts of the International Geographical Union's Commission on the Dynamics of Economic Spaces. This collection is the result of the 2005 annual meeting in Toledo, Ohio (USA). The chapters have been selected based on their contribution to the broader community of economic geographers and policymakers and to demonstrate the inherent interconnectedness of these themes (and at times the conceptual tension that exists between ethics, economics, and the environment) insofar as these important issues shape the contours and cleavages of contemporary regional development. In particular, the chapters represent the diversity of perspectives on these issues. The authors provide insight into the workings of a variety of communities, regions, and nations as they seek to balance economic growth with the growing necessity to simultaneously promote ethical and sustainable regional development.