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This article presents the system of higher education (HE) in Poland and the role of remote (and later online) learning in education with the focus on changes induced as the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis begins with a historical background that shows how higher education has been changing after the political transformation of the 1989, and proceeds with a discussion about the conditions in which remote learning emerged. On the one hand, these conditions relate to the existing programmes that e-learning offers – the tools. On the other hand, they refer to the level of digital preparedness – the skills. The article is meant to be descriptive and combines didactic (both institutional and student-related) and administrative perspective of responding to COVID-19. The article analyses how the Polish HE system managed the transition to online teaching caused by the pandemic.

Abstract
How successful is the Islamic State's online strategy? To what extent does the organization achieve its goals of attracting a global audience, broadcasting its military successes, and marketing the Caliphate? Using Twitter and YouTube search data, collected throughout 2015 and early 2016, we assess how suspected ISIS accounts, sympathizers, and opponents behave across two social media platforms, offering key insights into the successes and limitations of ISIS's information warfare strategy. Analyzing the tweet content and metadata from 16,364 suspected ISIS accounts, we find that a core network of ISIS Twitter users are producing linguistically diverse narratives, touting battlefield victories and depicting utopian life in the Caliphate. Furthermore, a dataset of over 70 million tweets, as well as analysis YouTube search data, indicates that although pro-ISIS content spreads globally and remains on message, it is far less prolific than anti-ISIS content. However, this anti-ISIS content is not necessarily anti-extremist or aligned with Western policy goals.

AbstractThis chapter describes the overall planning process for using online surveys in your evaluation and how to choose survey software or a Web host for your evaluation project.

The article examines the emergence, formation and development of online education in the world and in Ukraine; research also reveals the origin of the largest massive open online course (MOOC) studios, the evolution of online courses and the variety of online courses at present. In addition, the article is also focused on specifics of Ukrainian MOOC studios in comparison with western MOOC studios. The pace of implementing e-learning into Ukrainian higher education institutions is also revealed, so as the corresponding legislative and motivational components of the process. In addition, the article reveals the essence of media commercialization – activities aimed at receiving profits due to the influence upon media audiences; the article also examines the expediency of ordering and placing online courses at interactive education platforms with a view of receiving advantages by businesses; advertising's necessity of authenticity, so as the benefits of native advertising embodied in online courses are examined as well.In order to justify the need for commercialization of modern informational media resources (in particular, online education studios), "EdEra" organization was taken as the example. This organization appeared in Ukraine as one of the first online education studios and managed to earn the recognition of several hundred thousand Ukrainian educators as of 2019. Currently "EdEra" produces online educational courses upon the order but it considers creating its own courses (meaning they belong to "EdEra" and no one else). In order to reveal the essence of media-commercialization, the article provides arguments in favor of promotional materials' shift to the content of educational online courses, particularly EdEra's; it also revises modern Internet advertising methods that prove to be obsolete and non-effective. In addition, the essence of authentic advertising was disclosed and proposed for the commercialization of educational online courses. Also, the article discusses the dynamics of the Internet usage in Ukraine and worldwide, and promotes changing of the advertising approach in regard to the development of Internet ad blocking technologies. Taking into account modern trends of the advertising development and growing popularity of the non-traditional (digital) education, the article suggests the expediency of commercializing educational courses for the online education studios worldwide and for "EdEra" organization in particular.

Die Auswirkungen offener Beteiligungsmöglichkeiten über das Internet (Online-Partizipation) auf institutionalisierte Entscheidungsmechanismen in Universitäten sind bisher weitestgehend unerforscht. Die Studie untersucht zwei internetbasierte partizipative Verfahren zur Neugestaltung einer Promotions- und einer Habilitationsordnung hinsichtlich ihrer Auswirkungen auf den organisationalen und institutionellen Rahmen einer Universität. Hierzu wurden auf Grundlage der Theorien der institutionellen Logiken und des organisationalen Lernens 14 leitfadengestützte Interviews ausgewertet. Es zeigt sich, dass internetbasierte Verfahren zwar als Optimierung ursprünglicher Entscheidungsprozesse wahrgenommen werden, sie aber auch zu Konflikten zwischen neuen und bestehenden Strukturen führen, sodass es überwiegend zu "Single-Loop-Learning" kommt. "Double-Loop- Learning" ist lediglich in Ansätzen erkennbar, etwa im Rahmen einer verbesserten Diskussionskultur und einer gesteigerten Wahrnehmung der Partizipationsmöglichkeiten außerhalb von Gremien.

The study explores whether or not the perceived threats of paedophiles grooming online cause disproportionate legislative reactions. This is done by reviewing if and how the legislative assumptions about the nature of grooming leading to specific grooming legislation in Norway match the actual user experiences of Norwegian children in general and those subjected to physical abuse following Internet encounters in particular. The expressed political assumptions (about how children use the Internet) leading to the Norwegian grooming legislation implemented in 2007 are compared with the actual experiences of Norwegian children between 9 and 16 years, regarding the same assumptions as documented in nationally representative statistical surveys conducted in 2003, 2006 and 2008. The findings show that the Norwegian grooming legislation was redundant, both legally and practically. The potential implications for prescriptive work, as well as the wider democratic dilemmas are discussed.

AbstractThis article presentsAiyan, an electronic house church publication, as a case study of a resistance community using up-to-date technology in the dual context of China's modernization and government repression. Based on detailed content analysis supported by results from fieldwork, the article introducesAiyan's background as an underground publication, its online existence, its visual character, its content and its aims. It then analysesAiyan's attempts at identity formation within the complex realities of religious activity in China, and finally identifies five main areas of political engagement withinAiyan: freedom of religious belief and legalization of status; rights awareness and rights education; defiance against the regime; rural–urban co-operation; and engagement of liberal intellectuals. The article concludes with an evaluation of the possible influence this sector of the house church community may have on China's political transformation.

Samenvatting
In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de verschillende online kwalitatieve onderzoeksinstrumenten in marktonderzoek en de waarde van computer mediated communication (CMC) ten opzichte van face to face (FTF) communicatie. Ook wordt uiteengezet op welke manier de methode van het online forum het beste kan worden ingezet.

1. Cartographic imaginaries : mapping Latin(o) America's place in a world of networked digital technologies -- 2. Reworking the 'lettered city' : the resistant reterritorialisation of urban place -- 3. From Macondo to Macon.doc : contemporary Latin American hypertext fiction -- 4. Civilisation and barbarism : new frontiers and barbarous borders online -- 5. Mestiz@Cyborgs : the performance of Latin American-ness as (critical) racial identity -- 6. Revolucion.com? the Latin American revolutionary tradition in the age of new media (revolutions).

We investigated the relationship between perceived value of virtual goods and willingness to consume virtual goods in online mobile games, and examined the roles of gamers' intention to use virtual goods and extraversion in this relationship. We constructed a moderated mediation model
to analyze data from 894 undergraduate students in China. Perceived value was positively correlated with willingness to consume, and intention to use played a mediating role in this relationship; further, the indirect effect of intention to use was moderated by extraversion, with a weaker
effect occurring for lower extraversion. Thus, perceived value positively predicted intention to use, which increased willingness to consume, and extraversion enhanced the influence of perceived value on intention to use.