Suchergebnisse

The neoliberal model that has permeated higher education, has instrumentalised and commodified knowledge. This has forced academics to participate in the production of research to attract funding in the search of institutional stability. This paper problematizes the limited opportunities of integration of young Latin-American researchers in academic institutions. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors that hinder access to academia and unveil the weaknesses behind governmental policies for the development of employment programmes in both industry and academia. The methodology employed, is a critical discourse analysis of five biographies of Chilean and Mexican doctors. Results uncovered the use of discursive strategies that aim to legitimise reasons behind work fragility and the discursive construction of these actors. This article contributes to acknowledge similar patterns amongst Latin-American young researchers.

Las nociones sobre Sentido Común y Sociedades Democráticas se abordan desde elementos comunicacionales que permiten interpretar la realidad social multidimensionada, deconstruirla, proponer su reconfiguración y articular la Comunicación como fuente de transformaciones sociales. Se desarrolla una diferenciación de matrices, abordajes y enfoques comunicacionales que permiten entender cada elemento comunicacional en función a metas y objetivos concretos de orden cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se proponen estrategias de gestión comunicacional inherentes a las diversas formas de organización popular que permiten perfeccionar la participación democrática a través de elementos comunicacionales, entendiendo que el Sentido Común de las sociedades se encuentra en permanente disputa, construcción y reconfiguración en torno al sentido de época y los momentos históricos particulares. Se brindan nociones de interpretación de la realidad social latinoamericana a partir de la Comunicación, pero también propuestas de transformación entendiendo que las sociedades latinoamericanas son heterogéneas muy diferentes a las sociedades europeo continentales y a las anglosajonas. La Comunicación es enfocada a través de sus estrategias comunicacionales como primaria para la interpretación y transformación social, no así accesoria como se teoriza desde el Pensamiento Crítico. A la vez, todo el trabajo devela que no son únicamente los medios hegemónicos de comunicación ni exclusivamente los políticos los únicos actores constructores de Sentido Común en las sociedades. ; The notions about Common Sense and Democratic Societies are approached from communicational elements that allow interpreting multidimensional social reality, deconstructing it, proposing its reconfiguration and articulating Communication as a source of social transformation. A differentiation of matrices, approaches and communicational approaches is developed that allow understanding each communicational element based on specific goals and objectives of a quantitative and qualitative order. Communication management strategies inherent to the various forms of popular organization are proposed that allow to improve democratic participation through communicational elements, understanding that the Common Sense of societies is in permanent dispute, construction and reconfiguration around the sense of time and the particular historical moments. Notions of interpretation of Latin American social reality are provided from the Communication, but also proposals for transformation, understanding that Latin American societies are heterogeneous and very different from continental European and Anglo-Saxon societies. Communication is focused through its communicational strategies as primary for interpretation and social transformation, not as accessory as it is theorized from Critical Thinking. At the same time, all the work reveals that it is not only the hegemonic means of communication, nor exclusively the politicians, the only common sense-building actors in societies. ; Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social

This is a major work of history and political theory that traces radical democratic thought in America across the twentieth century, seeking to recover ideas that could reenergize democratic activism today. The question of how citizens should behave as they struggle to create a more democratic society has haunted the United States throughout its history. Should citizens restrict themselves to patient persuasion or take to the streets and seek to impose change?

Foreign assistance constitutes a significant share of government revenue in many low- and middle-income economies and is targeted at poverty reduction and the promotion of social and economic well-being. This study therefore examines fiscal responses by Latin American welfare states to the inflow of such aid. As a form of external non-tax revenue, aid can function as a substitution for public welfare expenditure, with a crowding out effect being the likely outcome. This article investigates whether overall aid and aid that is particularly targeted at the social sector substitutes public welfare provision and, if so, whether it also substitutes its function. A time-series cross-section analysis of 19 Latin American countries for the period 1980-2008 provides limited support for the assumption that foreign aid payments influence the welfare budget. It is only the health care sector in middle-income countries which experiences a small decrease in expenditures. Social security and education expenditures are not affected.