Suchergebnisse

The concept of the urban village was first promoted by the Urban Villages Group in the late 1980s as a means to achieve more human scale, mixed-use and well-designed places. The term urban village has since entered the planning discourse, and a number of developments known as urban villages have appeared across the country. This article draws on ongoing research into the phenomenon of the urban village, and focuses on the origins, definitions, and meanings given to the term in the literature, in interviews with key players, in planning documentation and in the professional press. It appears that the urban village concept is variously interpreted and applied depending on the context in which it is used, and on the knowledge, role and interests of the individual reflecting on the term. The article will attempt to unravel the significance of this, while also drawing some conclusions about how concepts frame, and are framed by, prevailing discourses.

In the aftermath of the Second World War, the progressive dismantling of previous power-nations and the independence of many countries have contributed to new political, economic, and technical processes and highly mobile flows of people and ideas. Yet, research has overlooked knowledge channels outside of mainstream geopolitical frameworks. In particular, the role and power of international aid organizations, their development assistance programs, and the impact of the emergent new actor of this phenomenon - the consultant - in housing and planning narratives deserve to be examined. This article proposes to do so by exploring the historical contribution of Otto Koenigsberger (1908–1999) as part of the first generation of CIAM-UN experts. His view of "housing as a problem of numbers" engaged him on a lifelong pedagogical and transnational political project of decolonizing architectural education and the redefinition of both the profession and the professional. By emphasizing the importance of (a new) training, it raises questions on what sort of knowledge housing may require, by whom knowledge competencies may be conveyed, and how that knowledge should be instrumentalized. The article draws on extensive archival research, findings on the protagonists and institutions involved, and the author's interviews with key players that shed light on evolving conceptualizations of "development", built environment, educational programs, and knowledge production. Ultimately, examining the terminology underlying the expertise delivered through consultancy reports vis à vis the education and skills needs contributes to a better understanding of the foundations of housing as a problematized field of architectural education.

1 Tohru Naito: Introduction and summary -- Part 1 The basic model of regional economy -- 2 Tohru Naito: Regional agglomeration and spatial economics -- 3 Tohru Naito: Urban unemployment and urban–rural migration -- 4 Tatsuya Omori Neoclassical economic growth and public policy -- 5 Daisuke Ikazaki: Endogenous growth model with public financed R&D -- 6 Yasunori Ouchida: Emission tax timing and a monopoly market -- 7 Hirofumi Fukuyama, Daisuke Ikazaki: The basic model of illegal dumping and recycling of wastes -- 8 Akio Kawasaki: The basic model of airline network -- Part II Sustainable Growth and Development -- 9 Tohru Naito: Urban unemployment, privatization policy, and a differentiated mixed oligopoly -- 10 Akio Kawasaki: The network analysis of transportation -- 11 Daisuke Ikazaki: R&D policy and political corruption in a growing economy -- 12 Tatsuya Omori: Fertility, Costs for children and Public policy -- 13 Yasunori Ouchida: Environmental R&D organization in a differentiated Cournot duopoly -- 14 Hirofumi Fukuyama: Recycling activities and unemployment in economically developing countries.

This volume presents a collection that focuses on urbanization and its implications for economic development. Written for an advanced audience with an interest in urban economics and cities, the book contains case studies from India, Brazil, Tanzania, Lebanon, and South Africa.

Focusing particularly on the urban architecture of Lucien Kroll, the analysis considers the production of sustainable urban space. First, the architectural conceptions of sustainable cities are outlined, with particular attention to urban designers' tendency to privilege ecological processes rather than socioenvironmental circumstances. Proposals ostensibly designed toward the sustenance of ecology & health are clarified according to Lefebvre's notion of abstract space that neglects elements of urban dwellers' everyday lives, effaces the population's diversity, & accepts as a given the standardization & stasis of social structure. To counter such an approach, Lefebvre's "conceptual triad" of spatial production is applied to the architectural process. Accordingly, Kroll's design method, singular vis-a-vis all three of the triad's components, may be viewed as striving to imagine differential space that allows for the potential inclusion of both ecological & social diversity. 3 Figures. K. Coddon

This article discusses the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) at the local level of governance in the field of urban planning. It is based on a literature review, in order to define a set of considerations about their use in the urban context and the challenges ahead on this domain. As a starting point, there is the need of rethinking the local governance through the use of ICT related to cities, focused on the modernization of the processes associated with urban planning. Nowadays, in several societies the paradigm about cities if shifting, from an expansionist way of acting towards a regeneration and rehabilitation approach. In the case of Portugal, the local authorities; the municipalities; are the main responsible for the coordination, and integration of policies with territorial impacts. However, these policies are generally onerous and inefficient, triggering communication and information failures in between local administration and citizens. In this sense, governance should support the decision-making process related to cities' policies, engaging citizens and socio-economic agents. As the main result in this scenario, the use of ICT demonstrates the ability to play an important role in urban planning, by contributing as a simplifying tool, regarding the information and knowledge sharing, gathering local authorities, citizens and socio-economic agents. On the one hand, they promote the reduction of inefficiencies associated to the urban planning process. On the other hand, they boost the development of networks, and consequently the social and territorial cohesion. In summary, the use of ICT infrastructures works as a glue allowing the integration of several intelligence elements of the city, and operating as their base platform. Finally, the literature has revealed that the use of ICT in urban planning should be seen as a means to a wider social goal, and not as an end by itself. With the use of ICT, urban planning authorities are more likely to be aware of the city features in their multiple aspects, being able to define and monitoring the public policies, suitable to each situation, reinforcing the democracy and transparency of local governance. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion