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The article presents a comparative analysis of country risks, which are oriented on European integration by criteria of credibility, liquidity, and political stability. The author analyzes the main approaches and methods for risks determination and discusses the current state of research for indicators of liquidity, credibility, and political stability of the chosen states. We determined some peculiarities of risk in Ukraine, Turkey, Moldova, and Georgia and proved the possibility of countries convergence due to improvement of institutional environment and adequate evaluation of risks.Article received 11.04.2016 ; Проводено порівняльний аналіз ризиків країн, орієнтованих на європейську інтеграцію, за критеріями платоспроможності, ліквідності та політичної стабільності. Проаналізовано основні підходи та методики щодо визначення ризиків країн. Наведено оцінку сучасного стану досліджень показників ліквідності, платоспроможності та політичної стабільності обраних країн. Виявлено деякіособливості ризиків в Україні, Туреччині, Молдові та Грузії. Доведено можливість конвергенції країн у результаті покращення інституційного середовища та адекватної оцінки ризиків.Матеріал надійшов 11.04.2016

"Provides basic consumer health information about the family planning, contraception through counselling, maternal mortality, mental health, infertility, and sexually transmitted diseases along with information about safety tips, programs related to family planning, assisted reproductive technology, nutrition tips, a glossary of related terms, and list of resources for additional help"--

The use of nitrite (NaNO2) in the manufacture of salted (cured) meat products has a long tradition in the industry, dating back to the early twentieth century. Nitrite serves several technological purposes, primarily by the formation of a stable red colour in the meat and the inhibition of the growth of Clostridium botulinum. According to an assessment report by the European Food Safety Authority (The EFSA Journal, 14, p. 1-134, 2003) all evidence points to that it is the added amount of nitrite rather than the residual amount of nitrite in the product which exerts the antimicrobial effect. Nitrite also has a desirable anti-oxidant activity and contributes to the formation of pleasant flavours. A systematic literature review on the function and use of nitrite in meat leads to a tentative first conclusion that if the level of nitrite added to meat products is sufficient to protect against possible toxin formation from C. botulinum, then the other technological reasons for using nitrite can be accomplished within the range of 50-100 mg/kg added nitrite, as is recommended by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), see the reference above. A similar conclusion was earlier reached after a large number of experiments were conducted in Denmark in collaboration with the Danish meat manufacturing industry in 1981-1983. Wiltshire bacon and certain canned products largely for export were not investigated in this study, however. The adverse effects of nitrite can mainly be ascribed to the risk of forming nitrosamines from secondary amines and nitrite when curing meat products, in particular when they are heated to high temperatures, typically during frying. This issue is well described in the literature and is not pursued further, as it is not part of the assignment for the report. In the present report the existing EU legislation on the use of nitrite is reviewed and critically compared with Danish legislation. For heat sterilised products the EU limit of 100 mg/kg on added nitrite is identical to the level specified in Danish legislation. This is the only group of products where there is complete agreement between EU and Danish legislation with respect to the use of nitrite in meat. For bacon the EU limit of 175 mg/kg on residual nitrite is obviously higher than the DK limit of 150 mg/kg on added nitrite. The issue of limits for nitrite in bacon is important, because bacon is usually fried and is therefore a product prone to expose consumers to nitrosamines. For cured, raw ham ("spegeskinker") the EU limit for Rohschinken of 50 mg/kg on residual nitrite may be comparable to the DK limit of 150 mg/kg on added nitrite, considering that most of the added nitrite is decomposed during the curing process. However, a strictly quantitative conversion from added to residual amount of nitrite is not possible. For raw fermented sausages, the EU limit of 180 mg/kg on added nitrite for a number of specified Central European sausages is obviously higher than the DK limit of 100 mg/kg on added nitrite for fermented sausages. Arguments for maintaining this high level are lacking in the available literature, and on the basis of what can be deduced with respect to the manufacturing processes for these products, it is hard to conceive of substantial arguments for the high level of 180 mg/kg. For other heat-treated, but not sterilised meat products, the EU limit of 50 mg/kg on residual nitrite in the British speciality, jellied veal and brisket, is roughly comparable with a range of Danish products, where Danish legislation specifies from 60 to 150 mg/kg added nitrite. Denmark has specifically exempted the addition of nitrite in liver paste and meat balls, thus specifying a limit of 0 mg/kg for these particular, common products in Danish cuisine. A major reason for the discrepancies between the EU and DK legislation is that Directive 2006/52/EC in many cases specifies residual amounts, while Denmark specifies added amounts of nitrite. Denmark's position is in accordance with the recommendations by EFSA. However, it should be adduced that assessments of the added amount of nitrite are difficult to state for certain traditional curing processes, such as dry cured hams and traditional immersion curing of whole meat in a vat. The particularities of the production methods make such a quantification rather uncertain. Furthermore, some dry cured products from South Europe are made with nitrate, which slowly and only partly is converted to nitrite and further to NO during the curing process. The Danish limitations on the use of nitrate are identical to those of Directive 2006/52/EC. In conclusion, most of the Danish product categories comply with EFSA's recommended ingoing (added) nitrite level of 50-100 mg/kg. However, there is an issue regarding bacon and some unspecified products where Danish legislation allows 150 mg/kg. With regard to in particular dry cured products there is also an issue on how to specify limits on the use of nitrite in a meaningful way.

The UN recognition of a human right to water for drinking, personal and other domestic uses and sanitation in 2010 was a political breakthrough in states' commitments to adopt a human rights framework in carrying out part of their mandate. This chapter explores other domains of freshwater governance in which human rights frameworks provide a robust and widely accepted set of normative values to such governance. The basis is General Comment No. 15 of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in 2002, which states that water is needed to realise a range of indivisible human rights to non-starvation, food, health, work and an adequate standard of living and also procedural rights to participation and information in water interventions. On that basis, the chapter explores concrete implications of the Comment for states' broader infrastructure-based water services implied in the recognised need to access to infrastructure, rights to non-discrimination in public service delivery and respect of people's own prioritisation. This implies a right to water for livelihoods with core minimum service levels for water to homesteads that meet both domestic and small-scale productive uses, so at least 50–100 l per capita per day. Turning to the state's mandates and authority in allocating water resources, the chapter identifi es three forms of unfair treatment of smallscale users in current licence systems. As illustrated by the case of South Africa, the legal tool of "Priority General Authorisations" is proposed. This prioritises water allocation to small-scale water users while targeting and enforcing regulatory licences to the few high-impact users.

Copyright © 2016, The Honors Undergraduate Research Journal, University of Oklahoma. All rights revert to authors. ; A publication of the Joe C. and Carole Kerr McClendon Honors College at the University of Oklahoma. ; Table of Contents ; Women of the Wild: Women, Outdoor Sport, and Changing Gender Roles by Sarah Capps ; A Grand Evasion: How Corporations Deprive Workers, Government, and Society by Widespread Tax Avoidance by Jesse Coker ; Le Prix du Sucre by Alanna Courts ; Arabella Buckley's Epic: Uniting Evolutionary Epic & Spiritualism to Account for the Evolution of Morals from Mutualism by Jordan Larsen ; Space and the Psychology of Personality Types: How Personality Influences Reactions to Architectural Space by Chase Miller ; El Curandero Actual: Preserving Indigenous Identity through Mexican Folk Healing's Chants by Auston Stiefer ; Between a Poor and a Poorer Place: Why Welfare Should View the Labor Market as the Problem Rather than the Solution to Poverty by Jesse Coker ; Dinner and a Date: the Misguiding Nature of Expiration Dates and Their Influence on Consumer Food Waste Behavior by Lisa Fiedler ; But Where Are All the Women? Examining the Often Overlooked Role of Women in and against Islamist Extremism by Alissa Rice ; About the Authors ; About the Cover Artist ; The Honors Undergraduate Research Journal (THURJ) is a publication of the Joe C. and Carole Kerr McClendon Honors College at the University of Oklahoma. The views expressed in THURJ are solely those of the contributors and should not be attributed to the Editorial Staff, the Honors College, or the University of Oklahoma. ; undergraduate

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A -- Accor S.A. -- Aerolineas Argentinas S.A. -- Aerosonic Corporation -- American Girl, Inc. -- American Pharmaceutical Partners, Inc. -- AMERIGROUP Corporation -- Ameristar Casinos, Inc. -- AMICAS, Inc. -- Amkor Technology, Inc. -- AptarGroup, Inc. -- Arriva PLC -- Atos Origin S.A. -- Avista Corporation -- B -- Babcock International Group PLC -- Banco de Chile -- Barnes Group Inc. -- Bell Microproducts Inc. -- Birds Eye Foods, Inc. -- Boys & Girls Clubs of America -- C -- Cal-Maine Foods, Inc. -- Capita Group PLC -- Carlson Restaurants Worldwide -- Carrier Corporation -- Cencosud S.A. -- Clearwire, Inc. -- Cold Stone Creamery -- Columbia House Company -- Conair Corporation -- Cranium, Inc. -- Cytyc Corporation -- D -- DEPFA BANK PLC -- Developers Diversified Realty Corporation -- DHL Worldwide Network S.A./N.V. -- Dimension Data Holdings PLC -- Dixon Ticonderoga Company -- Dot Foods, Inc. -- E -- El Pollo Loco, Inc. -- Empresas Copec S.A. -- ENI S.p.A. -- Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company -- Erste Bank der Osterreichischen Sparkassen AG -- Eye Care Centers of America, Inc. -- F -- Fairmont Hotels & Resorts Inc. -- Federico Paternina S.A. -- Finning International Inc. -- FLIR Systems, Inc. -- Florida Public Utilities Company -- ForeningsSparbanken AB -- The Franklin Mint -- G -- GameStop Corp. -- Gas Natural SDG S.A. -- Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Company -- Gymboree Corporation -- H --H.M. Payson & Co. -- Heroux-Devtek Inc. -- Hexal AG -- Hooters of America, Inc. -- I -- Israel Aircraft Industries Ltd. -- J -- Jones Soda Co. -- K -- Kerzner International Limited -- Krung Thai Bank Public Company Ltd. -- L -- Lazy Days RV Center, Inc. -- Leap Wireless International, Inc. -- LifePoint Hospitals, Inc. -- Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. -- Logitech International S.A. -- M -- Macquarie Bank Ltd. -- Mediacom Communications Corporation -- Merillat Industries, LLC -- Monster Cable Products, Inc. -- N -- Nagasakiya Co., Ltd. -- Napster, Inc. -- National Semiconductor Corporation -- NAVTEQ Corporation -- Netezza Corporation -- O -- O.C. Tanner Co. -- Onion, Inc. -- P -- Palmer & Cay, Inc. -- Payless ShoeSource, Inc. -- Philharmonic-Symphony Society of New York, Inc. (New York Philharmonic) -- Pixelworks, Inc. -- The Porcelain and Fine China Companies Ltd. -- Portugal Telecom SGPS S.A. -- R -- Raymond James Financial Inc. -- S -- S.A.C.I. Falabella -- The Sanctuary Group PLC -- Shriners Hospitals for Children -- Sidney Frank Importing Co., Inc. -- SINA Corporation -- Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. -- Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP -- Swales & Associates, Inc. -- Synopsys, Inc. -- T -- Telenor ASA -- Texas Roadhouse, Inc. -- Tha Row Records -- II-VI Incorporated -- U -- Ultimate Electronics, Inc. -- United Road Services, Inc. -- W -- W.C. Bradley Co. -- Westfield Group -- Wincor Nixdorf Holding GmbH -- X -- Xerox Corporation -- XM Satellite Radio Holdings, Inc.

A -- Adolfo Dominguez S.A -- Altadis S.A -- The Austin Company -- B -- Banca Nazionale del Lavoro SpA -- Behr GmbH & Co. KG -- Belk, Inc -- Bettys & Taylors of Harrogate Ltd -- BigBen Interactive S.A -- Billing Concepts, Inc -- Bonhams 1793 Ltd -- The Branch Group, Inc -- Brigham's Inc -- C -- CACI International Inc -- Camaieu S.A -- Caritas Internationalis -- Carl Allers Etablissement A/S -- Cazenove Group plc -- Cia Hering -- Cincinnati Lamb Inc -- Clougherty Packing Company -- Colorado Baseball Management, Inc -- Combe Inc -- D -- Dallah Albaraka Group -- Debeka Krankenversicherungsverein auf Gegenseitigkeit -- Duron Inc -- E -- E.W. Howell Co., Inc -- Editions Gallimard -- Electronics Boutique Holdings Corporation -- Embrex, Inc -- Empire Resorts, Inc -- Engelhard Corporation -- Eschelon Telecom, Inc -- Ezaki Glico Company Ltd -- F -- Farmacias Ahumada S.A -- F5 Networks, Inc -- Fisk Corporation -- 5 & Diner Franchise Corporation -- FLSmidth & Co. A/S -- Friendly Ice Cream Corporation -- G -- Galardi Group, Inc -- Gilman & Ciocia, Inc -- Grand Piano & Furniture Company -- Greatbatch Inc -- Groupe Monnoyeur -- H -- Hammacher Schlemmer & Company Inc -- Harris Teeter Inc -- HDOS Enterprises -- Health Communications, Inc -- Hensel Phelps Construction Company -- Homasote Company -- Howard Johnson International, Inc -- I -- Intermec Technologies Corporation -- Ipsen International Inc -- J -- J.L. Hammett Company -- Jo-Ann Stores, Inc -- Johnson Publishing Company, Inc -- K -- KraftMaid Cabinetry, Inc -- Kumon Institute of Education Co., Ltd -- M -- Malayan Banking Berhad -- Manutan International S.A -- Marchex, Inc -- Memry Corporation -- Michigan Sporting Goods Distributors, Inc -- The Monarch Cement Company -- N -- Natural Ovens Bakery, Inc -- New York Health Care, Inc -- Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation -- Nippon Yusen Kabushiki Kaisha (NYK) -- NOF Corporation -- NSF International -- O -- Orion Oyj -- Orthofix International NV -- P -- Pall Corporation -- Parque Arauco S.A -- Perfetti Van Melle S.p.A -- Pernod Ricard S.A -- Petrobras Energia Participaciones S.A -- PMP Ltd -- Pure World, Inc -- PZ Cussons plc -- R -- R.C. Willey Home Furnishings -- Ratner Companies -- Renal Care Group, Inc -- Ryoshoku Ltd -- S -- Schreiber Foods, Inc -- Schwebel Baking Company -- Screen Actors Guild -- Seiko Corporation -- Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd -- Shearer's Foods, Inc -- Shoe Carnival Inc -- SNC-Lavalin Group Inc -- Spinnaker Exploration Company -- Stein Mart Inc -- Stoddard International plc -- T -- Taco Cabana, Inc -- Tiger Aspect Productions Ltd -- Turkish Airlines Inc. (Turk Hava Yollari A.O.) -- U -- UAW (International Union, United Automobile, Aerospaceand Agricultural Implement Workers of America) -- Utz Quality Foods, Inc -- V -- Velcro Industries N.V -- ViewSonic Corporation -- W -- Walter Industries, Inc -- Wirtz Corporation -- Z -- ZiLOG, Inc.