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A paradigm shift is taking place in spatial segregation research. At the heart of this shift is the understanding of the connectedness of spatial segregation in different life domains and the availability of new datasets that allow for more detailed studies on these connections. In this thematic issue on spatial underpinnings of social inequalities we will outline the foundations of the 'vicious circles of segregation' framework to shed new light on questions such as: What is the role of residential neighbourhoods in urban inequalities in contemporary cities? Have residential neighbourhoods lost their importance in structuring daily lives since important part of social interaction takes place elsewhere? How is residential segregation related to inequalities in other important life domains, in schools, at work and during leisure time? The vicious circles of segregation framework builds on the traditional approaches to spatial segregation, as well as on the emerging new research undertaken within the 'activity space approach' and 'longitudinal approach' to segregation. The articles in this thematic issue improve our understanding of how spatial segregation is transmitted from one life domain to another as people sort into residential neighbourhoods, schools, workplace and leisure time activity sites, and gain contextual effects by getting exposed to and interacting with other people in them.

Background:Low socioeconomic status has consistently been associated with poorer health outcomes. Few studies have used ecological analysis to explore relationships between area measures of deprivation and use of mental health legislation.Methods:We used an ecological design to explore associations between two area measures of relative deprivation and the two most commonly used sections of New Zealand mental health legislation.Results:High levels of relative deprivation were positively correlated with use of both acute and long-term community care provisions of mental health legislation with the correlation with long-term care achieving significance ( r = .518, p = .016). Low levels of relative deprivation showed negative correlations with use of both provisions. The correlation of −.493 between low levels of relative deprivation and acute care provisions was significant at p = .023. In stepwise regression, the proportion of the population aged 15–64 contributed to the model for section 11, but ethnicity contributed to neither model.Conclusion:Mental health legislation is used disproportionately in areas with high levels of relative deprivation. The results have implications for regional allocation of funding for mental health and social services to support community-based care. Further research is needed to explore other factors that may account for the regional variation.

This paper examines how the use of social media affects participation in offline demonstrations. Using individual web survey data from Norway, we ask whether social media usage serves to re-affirm or transcend socioeconomic divides in participation. In addition to data on demonstration participation in general, we also use the data on the Rose Marches that were organized after the 22/7 terror events as a critical case. Our results show that the type of participant mobilized via the social media is characterized by lower socioeconomic status and younger age than those mobilized via other channels. We also show that connections to information structures through social media exert a strong and independent effect on mobilization. Our findings thus appear to corroborate the mobilization thesis: social media represent an alternative structure alongside mainstream media and well-established political organizations and civil society that recruit in different ways and reach different segments of the population.

Immediately after Election 2016, an online survey of 3,810 US college students in a "swing state" shows that the general use of Facebook has a small, negative effect on U.S. college students' online/offline political participation and civic engagement over and above six control variables and four demographic variables. The participants' political use of Facebook is a much more important and positive predictor than their general use of Facebook for online/offline political participation and civic engagement even after controlling for six relevant variables and four demographic variables. Their online and offline political participation, and civic engagement were closely related. Their online social capital led to political use of Facebook but did not predict online/offline political participation and civic engagement. Additional interesting findings are also presented, theoretical and practical implications discussed.

The author addresses how, as a scholar, W. E. B. Du Bois transcended disciplinary boundaries & genre by providing answers to questions of racial colonialism & enslavement, the role of theory in social change, & the role of race in the dehumanization of the African, to name only a few. Here, the author offers a critical review of Du Bois's application of sociology to the study of the African diaspora in America in The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. The article gives an overview of Du Bois's sociological research as historical, statistical, demographic, & cultural in nature -- the type of research that Du Bois demanded, must lead to social action. 9 References. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2004 The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

This work proposes in a critic way different conceptions regarding gender, and states that it is a powerful cultural construction that organizes social life. Initially, three conceptions are introduced: origins of patriarchy, Marxist theories and feminism, and French psychoanalytic theory. To conclude, some contributions of the poststructuralist theory –in terms of displacement and political relocation- are established. Basically, the work aims at questioning the normative conceptions of gender. ; El presente trabajo plantea de manera crítica diferentes concepciones referidas al género y señala que este es una poderosa construcción cultural que organiza la vida social. En principio, se exponen tres concepciones: orígenes del patriarcado, teorías marxistas y feminismo, y teoría francesa psicoanalítica. Para finalizar se plantean –en términos de desplazamiento y relocalización política– algunos aportes derivados de la teoría post-estructuralista. Fundamentalmente, el trabajo busca cuestionar las concepciones normativas de género. ; O presente trabalho levanta de maneira crítica diferentes concepções referidas ao género e observa que este é uma poderosa construção cultural que organiza a vida social. Em princípio, expõem-se três conceições: Orígenes do patriarcado, teorias marxistas e feminismo, e teoria francesa psicanalítica. Para finalizar levanta-se –em termos de deslocamento e relocação política– algumas contribuições derivadas da teoria pós-estruturalista. Fundamentalmente, o trabalho visa questionar as conceições normativas de gênero.

The literature on generational differences has been disseminated in the social sciences, as an explanation of consumer behavior, voting patterns, social commitment, civic values and elements related to management. At this point, the vision centered on the repetition of the cultural patterns of the United States, has established the existence of generations that have values and behavioral alignments, which literature has replicated throughout the world, without delving into the validity of the analysis in different cultural contexts. This work it's based on this theoretical body seeking to establish the validity of the comparison of generational differences in the domain of personality traits, individual, labor and social values, considering the sociocultural context of Chilean society. Through a cross-sectional survey designed for these purposes (N = 2865) reveals the impossibility of replicability of distinctions and categories coming from the United States, being able to only link the effects of age to a particular event of the contemporary Chilean history: The return of democracy. ; La literatura respecto a diferencias generacionales ha sido difundida en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, tanto en la explicación del comportamiento del consumidor, patrones de voto, compromiso social, valores cívicos hasta elementos relacionados con la gestión de las organizaciones. En este punto, la visión centrada en la repetición de los patrones culturales de Estados Unidos ha establecido la existencia de generaciones que poseen alineamientos valóricos y conductuales, los cuales la literatura ha replicado a través del mundo, sin ahondar en la validez del análisis en contextos culturales diferentes. Este trabajo utiliza este cuerpo teórico buscando establecer la validez de la comparación de las diferencias generacionales en el dominio de rasgos de personalidad, valores individuales, laborales y sociales, considerando el contexto sociocultural de una sociedad como la chilena. A través de un estudio transversal, con una ...

Western European cultural policies increasingly target marginalized and socially deprived communities. In Denmark, this happens in the political and discursive context of the so-called "ghetto act" – a set of laws and amendments from 2018 aimed at radically changing low-income public housing neighborhoods, designated as "ghettos" or "tough ghettos" on the basis of five criteria, including the percentage of "non-Western" immigrants and descendants. Consequential, several Danish public housing neighborhoods right now undergo drastic renovation and demolition and simultaneously face increasing stigmatization. Formally independent of but parallel to this, we witness an interest in the residents of the same neighborhoods from cultural governing bodies and institutions, and an initiation of a variety of publicly funded projects in arts and culture. These are part of a general strategy to reach new audiences/user groups by recognizing and underpinning art manifestations outside the formal art institutions and closer to the citizens. But they are also part of a more specific betterment agenda based on the assumption that the deprived social housing areas and their residents can be "elevated" through art (Kunstfonden 2019) and that engagement in cultural projects can counteract isolation and prevent the formation of "parallel societies" (Minister of culture Mette Bock, 2019). The article builds upon research carried out in the project "Citizen-near art in deprived social housing areas" (2019-21) by Anne Mette W. Nielsen, Mia Falch Yates and the authors. The project is part of an overall research program on "Art and social communities", funded by The Danish Arts Foundation and Arts Council Norway. In the research project we study art projects in the following four Danish social housing areas: Gellerup in Aarhus, Stengårdsvej in Esbjerg, Værebro Park in Gladsaxe and Vollsmose in Odense. The research includes observations, interviews and document analysis of policy documents, project applications, minutes from public meetings and more (Eriksson, Nielsen, Sørensen and Yates, in press). Based on our research, we introduce the history and emotional geographies of the areas and the social and cultural policies targeting them to constitute a triple exposure of social inequality, stigmatization and intervention. We further suggest a typology of art projects with each their way of establishing socio-aesthetic relations in the present cultural and political context: 1) permanent physical interventions, 2) temporary (re)makings of the neighborhood, 3) creative skills and agency, and 4) co-inhabitations. In the article, we present cases from each of the four types and outline how they relate to the socio-economic agendas. Finally we discuss the aesthetic, social and political potentials and dilemmas of the various types of public art projects in social housing areas. ; Western European cultural policies increasingly target marginalized and socially deprived communities. In Denmark, this happens in the political and discursive context of the so-called "ghetto act" (2018), a set of laws and amendments aimed at radically changing low-income public housing neighbourhoods with a high percentage of "non-Western" residents. Consequential, several Danish public housing neighbourhoods undergo drastic renovation and demolition. Simultaneously, cultural governing bodies and institutions approach the neighbourhoods with a variety of publicly funded projects in arts and culture. These are part of a general strategy to reach new audiences / user groups by supporting art manifestations outside the formal art institutions but also of a more specific betterment agenda based on the assumption that the deprived social housing areas can be "elevated" through art and cultural projects. Based on research in four Danish social housing areas in urban margins, the article introduces the social and cultural policies targeting the areas. We identify a triple exposure to social inequality, stigmatization and intervention, and ask how public art projects in the areas interact with and may resist this exposure. From the perspective of Chantal Mouffe's notions of antagonistic politics and dissensual artistic practices, we explore a range of public art projects in four selected social housing areas, and identify four different types of art projects: 1) permanent physical interventions, 2) temporary (re)makings of the neighbourhood, 3) reinforcement of creative skills and agency, and 4) co-inhabitation. Presenting cases from each of these four types, we outline their challenges and potentials. Finally, we discuss how they fit into and/or negotiate the "betterment" agenda and the seemingly neutral vision of the mixed, balanced, or creative city.

Las severas restricciones a la movilidad a las que nos enfrentamos entre marzo y junio de 2020 a causa de las medidas tomadas por el Gobierno de España para frenar el avance de la pandemia derivada de la COVID-19 obligaron a muchas organizaciones, entre ellas los geoparques españoles, a adaptarse a una comunicación únicamente digital. En este trabajo se observa la estrategia seguida en redes sociales por los geoparques mediante un estudio de todas sus publicaciones durante dicho periodo. A través de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, la investigación se fija en cuestiones como la regularidad, el tipo de contenido, el uso de las diferentes redes o la creación de nuevas propuestas comunicativas adaptadas a las exigencias de tan repentina situación. Los datos, que reflejan grandes diferencias entre las estrategias que siguen los parques en el aprovechamiento de estas herramientas, nos ofrecen claves para repensar el uso y el tipo de información compartida en redes de cara a un futuro cada vez más digital. ; The severe restrictions on mobility experienced between March and June 2020, due to the measures taken by the Spanish Government to stop the advance of the COVID-19 pandemic, forced many organizations, including Spanish geoparks, to adopt a purely digital communication. A study of all their publications during this period reveals the social media strategy used by these geoparks. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, the research focuses on issues such as regularity, type of content, the use of different networks, or the creation of new communication proposals - adapted to the demands of such a sudden change. The data, which reflect great differences between the strategies that the parks use regarding the use of these tools, offer us ways to rethink the use and the type of information shared in social media networks, in the face of an increasingly digital future. ; Este trabajo se inscribe dentro del Grupo de Investigación Reconocido de la Universidad de Burgos, CAYPAT (Comunicación y Patrimonio) y ...

Markkinointi tarjoaa merkittäviä mahdollisuuksia muutosten rakentamiseen myös kaupallisen kentän ulkopuolella. Viime vuosien aikana kestävyyden ja kestävän kuluttamisen edistäminen on esitetty keskeisenä tai jopa elintärkeänä kehityssuuntana tieteenalalle. Tähän lupaavan tulokulman avaa sosiaalisen markkinoinnin tutkimusperinne, jonka perimmäisenä tarkoituksena on yhteiskunnallisen hyvän aikaansaaminen. Väitöstutkimus keskittyy yhteen kestävän kuluttamisen kontekstiin: ruokahävikin vähentämiseen ja siihen, kuinka sitä voitaisiin edistää sosiaalisen markkinoinnin avulla. Väitöskirjan tavoitteena on tutkia ja jäsentää sosiokulttuurista näkökulmaa sosiaaliseen markkinointiin ruokahävikin vähentämisen kontekstissa. Vaikka kulttuuriset teoriat ja näkökulmat ovat vahvistaneet asemaansa markkinoinnin ja kulutustutkimuksen saralla, on niiden hyödyntäminen sosiaalisessa markkinoinnissa vähäistä. Väitöstutkimus pohjautuu neljään tutkimusartikkeliin, joissa tutkimusaihetta tarkastellaan eri tulokulmista. Artikkeleissa hyödynnetään laadullisia menetelmiä ja tutkitaan, kuinka ruokahävikin vähentämistä lähestytään ruokahävikkikampanjoissa sekä näihin liittyvässä julkisessa keskustelussa. Empiirinen tarkastelu kohdistuu sosiaalisen median kampanjoihin, niihin liittyviin visuaalisiin materiaaleihin sekä verkkokeskusteluihin. Analyysissä huomio keskitetään sosiokulttuurisiin merkityksiin, merkkeihin sekä niiden merkityksiin ja diskursseihin. Yksi artikkeleista on käsitteellinen tutkimus, jossa jäsennetään sitä, kuinka sosiaaliset markkinoijat voivat edistää ruokahävikin vähentämistä keskittymällä käytänteiden muuttamiseen. Tutkimus juurtaa tulkinnallisen viitekehyksensä – sosiokulttuurisen näkökulman – käytäntöteorioihin ja tarkastelee jokapäiväistä elämää käytänteiden kulttuurisena järjestelmänä. Tämän tulkinnallisen viitekehyksen sekä väitöstutkimuksen artikkeleiden pohjalta sosiokulttuurinen näkökulma kiinnitetään sosiaaliseen markkinointiin. Väitöstutkimuksessa jäsennelty näkökulma kulminoituu kolmeen premissiin. Kaksi ensimmäistä premissiä pitävät sisällään käsityksen siitä, kuinka sekä ruokahävikin vähentäminen että sosiaalisen markkinoinnin rooli ymmärretään osana käytänteiden kulttuurista järjestelmää. Näiden ymmärrysten pohjalta kolmas premissi kiteyttää, kuinka ruokahävikin vähentämistä voidaan edistää rakentamalla muutoksia käytänteiden kulttuurisessa järjestelmässä. Väitöskirja luo siltoja sosiaalisen markkinoinnin, sosiokulttuurisen kulutustutkimuksen sekä ruokahävikkitutkimuksen välille. Tutkimus esittää uutta tietoa sosiaaliseen markkinointiin laajentamalla sen teoreettista pohjaa sekä mahdollisuuksia edistää muutosta. Tutkimus luo kontribuutiota myös sosiokulttuuriseen ja erityisesti käytäntöteorioihin pohjautuvaan kulutustutkimukseen kehittämällä käsitystä siitä, kuinka muutoksia voidaan edistää käytänteiden kulttuurisessa järjestelmässä. Lisäksi tutkimus syventää ymmärrystä mahdollisista ratkaisuista ruokahävikkiongelmaan, millä on arvoa monitieteelliselle ruokahävikkitutkimuskentälle. Sosiaalisen markkinoinnin käytännön toimijoille, kuten järjestöille ja julkisille organisaatioille, väitöskirjan jäsennys tarjoaa ajattelun työkalun, jota voidaan hyödyntää erilaisten ruokahävikkiin liittyvien aloitteiden suunnittelussa ja arvioinnissa. Vaikka väitöstutkimus pohjautuukin ruokahävikin vähentämisen kontekstiin, on sosiokulttuurista näkökulmaa sosiaaliseen markkinointiin mahdollista soveltaa myös muissa konteksteissa. Näkökulma avaa uusia polkuja erilaisten haasteiden ymmärtämiseksi sekä uudenlaisia mahdollisuuksia muutosten rakentamiseen. ; Marketing holds great potential to steer changes beyond the commercial sphere. Recently, supporting sustainability and sustainable consumption has been referred to as important or even fundamental development for the discipline. Here, the research tradition of social marketing opens a promising avenue with its ultimate purpose being the pursuit for greater social good. The dissertation focuses on one specific context of sustainable consumption, food waste reduction, and how it could be fostered through social marketing. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate and conceptualise the socio- cultural approach to social marketing in the context of food waste reduction. While cultural theories and approaches have gained momentum in marketing and consumer research, their use in social marketing is still uncommon. The dissertation is grounded in four articles that take different departures to the research phenomenon. With qualitative methods, the articles investigate the ways in which food waste reduction is fostered in campaigns and the public discussions around them. Empirical attention is focused on social media campaigns, visual materials and online discussions, with an analytical emphasis on socio-cultural meanings, signs and their meanings, and discourses. One article is a conceptual paper that discusses why and how social marketers can support food waste reduction with a practice- theoretical focus. The dissertation roots its interpretive framework, the socio-cultural approach, in practice theories and understands everyday life as a cultural system of practices. Based on this interpretive framework and the individual articles, the socio-cultural approach is integrated into social marketing. The dissertation concludes with three premises that address the research purpose. The first two premises include statements about how food waste reduction and the role of social marketing are understood within the cultural system of practices. Based on these understandings, the third premise outlines how food waste reduction can be fostered by steering changes in the cultural system of practices. The dissertation constructs bridges between social marketing, socio-cultural consumer research and food waste research. It primarily contributes to social marketing by broadening its theoretical base and extending its opportunities to foster change. The dissertation also contributes to socio-cultural consumer research and practice theories by generating insights into how changes in the cultural system of practices can be fostered. Furthermore, the dissertation is valuable for the interdisciplinary food waste research stream by extending understanding about possible solutions to the problem. For social marketing actors, such as non-governmental and governmental actors addressing food waste, the developed conceptualisation provides a valuable thinking tool that can be utilised when planning and assessing initiatives. While derived from the context of food waste reduction, the socio-cultural approach to social marketing can be adapted for other contexts as well and open new routes to understand the problem in question and identify novel opportunities to steer changes.