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In the course of his ethnographic study of the Ndembu tribes, the renowned anthropologist Victor Turner focused on the elaborate rituals that marked various phases of social transition, such as puberty and marriage. Also drawing on the work of Arnold van Gennep on rites of passage, Turner identified the entities going through social transitions as liminals, that 'are neither here nor there; they are betwixt and between the positions assigned and arrayed by law, custom, convention, and ceremonial'. According to Turner, the defining attribute of liminal positions is their ambiguity and indeterminacy because they 'elude or slip through the network of classifications that normally locate states and positions in cultural space'.

AbstractSince its popular appearance in 2001, the responsibility to protect has gained wide attention. Yet, the meaning of responsibility in the R2P report has remained unexamined. The first task of this article is to conceptualise responsibility as it seems to arise from the R2P report. It is argued that the responsibility in the report is collective in nature, and analogous to obligations erga omnes and collective responsibility to extinguish fires before the institutionalisation of fire departments. The second task is to provide a model of collective responsibility with criteria that allow dividing the burden of fulfilling the common responsibility among the members of the collective. The model bridges the conceptual level with the level of practice.

Der Verfasser geht der Frage nach, warum Präsident Putin in der Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik eine so harte Linie eingeschlagen hat. Um diese Frage zu beantworten, müssen die für die russische Innenpolitik geltenden Ordnungsvorstellungen auf die russische Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik übertragen werden. In diesem Kontext werden die Modernisierung der russischen Streitkräfte und die Beziehungen zum Iran thematisiert. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden unterschiedliche Interpretationsmuster für die russische Haltung präsentiert, nämlich "Theaterdonner", "innenpolitische Instrumentalisierung", "Linkage", "Modernisierung der nuklearstrategischen Streitkräfte", "Neuregelung europäischer Sicherheit", "Nutzung einer Position der Stärke", "Nutzung eines 'windows of opportunity'". Abschließend werden einzelne Motive russischer Politik zur Diskussion gestellt. (ICG)