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Although the vast majority of Africans are peaceful moderates, radical Islamic ideology that fuels pan‐Islamic terrorism is on the rise in the continent because of factors that can be categorized under push and pull forces. The push forces are conditions that drive people to embrace the ideology of violent jihad. These involve: local backlash against Americanization/globalization; authoritarian/oppressive political systems; lack of basic human rights; youth bulge/high unemployment; corruption/lack of meritocracy, state collapse; and porous borders. The pull factors are the advantages terrorist/jihadi movements have that attract people to their cause. These include: radical Islamic ideology; humanitarian networks; media propaganda; provision of a "purpose and mission"; the lure of martyrdom and influences of Madrassas. I argue these factors create global security challenges: an existential threat to the Westphalian state system; the creation of terror‐safe havens; displacement and mass global migration; massive global civilian casualties; and a conflict resolution conundrum.Related Articles

Antwi‐Boateng, Osman. 2015. "." Politics & Policy 43 (): 754‐784. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12129/abstract


Collins, Stephen D. 2014. "." Politics & Policy 42 (): 131‐159. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12061/abstract


Kim, Hae S. 2009. "." Politics & Policy 37 (): 395‐414. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00177.x/abstract
Related Media
. "Terrorism on African Soil." https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = eXzyLh3vfU8

2013. "Does the Rise of Terrorist Activity in North Africa Pose a Threat to the West?" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v = 0WAJ-IQOkCU

2015. "Terrorism in Africa." http://www.cnbcafrica.com/video/?bctid = 4629001472001

"In this paper the author introduces the fight against anarchism at the end of the 19th century as a security dispositive. An analysis of the emergence of the dispositive of the Black International conspiracy and the rise of new modes of governance in the wake of the fight against violent anarchism in the Netherlands is presented as a bottom-up process of securitization, enabled by two remarkable episodes of anarchist activities in the Netherlands in 1894 and 1895-1898. Regional prosecutors and Police commissioners capitalized on this (foreign) anarchist threat to instigate large-scale police reforms in terms of bureaucratization, standardization and centralization. New technologies of imagination, imported from abroad, helped to advance these processes of securitization and modernization." (author's abstract)

Draws on 2000 research on US-German bilateral relations to suggest that Germany risks failing as an ally vis-a-vis the application of coercive preventive diplomacy. After identifying these relations in terms of pre-Bush, Bush, & post-September 11 (2001) phases, some observations are offered on the German view of the role of coercive preventive diplomacy. Attention turns to German-US relations from the pre-Bush phase through the Bush phase & then European/German-US relations during the post-September 11 phase, highlighting the Iraq issue. It is argued that Germany has set itself on a path of isolation by continuing to Europeanize its foreign policy, Germanizing the EU to serve its national interests. 4 Figures. J. Zendejas