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From a perspective that articulates and brings closer the approaches of cultural studies and political economy of culture, the thrust of the article is that culture as a whole has a generative nature of the logic, ethics, politics and aesthetics, is say that all these spheres of life are part and product of culture, they are the culture. In that vein, the alphabetic culture, like Western peculiarity is the basis of so-called Western tradition and therefore the origin of phenomena such as capitalism, modernity (secularization) and modernization (industrialization and computerization) of society. ; Desde una perspectiva que articula y acerca los enfoquesde los estudios culturales y la economía política de lacultura, la idea central del artículo es que la cultura engeneral tiene un carácter generativo sobre la lógica, laética, la política y la estética, es decir, que todas estasesferas de la vida son parte y producto de la cultura, sonla cultura. En ese orden de ideas, la cultura alfabética,como particularidad occidental, es la base de la llamadatradición occidental y, por tanto, el origen de fenómenoscomo el capitalismo, la modernidad (secularización) yla modernización (industrialización e informatización)de la sociedad. ; ResumoDe uma perspectiva que articula e aproxima a abordagem dos estudos culturais e economia política da cultura, a essência do artigo é que a cultura como um todo tem uma natureza geradora da lógica, ética, política e esté- tica, é dizer que todas essas esferas de vida são parte e produto da cultura, elas são a cultura. Nesse sentido, a cultura alfabética, como peculiaridade ocidental é a base da chamada tradição ocidental e, portanto, a origem de fenômenos como o capitalismo, a modernidade (secularização) e modernização (industrialização e informatização) da sociedade.

High school journalism programs nurture student voice, information literacy, and collaboration. Journalism programs do not merely produce commodities; they help students constitute a public within a school community. When publishing online, student journalists navigate relationships behind the scenes with stakeholders, including peers, adults, and the institution. Publishing can be fraught with hesitation and fear of consequences for speaking out. Because of this implication, journalism programs can serve as "potentially valuable yet imperfect" settings for the amplification of student voice and civic development, but can also unduly limit students' self-expression, especially for girls (Bobkowski & Belmas, 2017). What might be the affordances and constraints of digital participation in a high school journalism program? How might youth journalists and other participants navigate exigencies of publishing online in this context? We, the head editors and adviser, use grounded theory to examine processes and develop pragmatic knowledge (Glaser & Strauss, 2017). Through a mix of prompts, group interviews, and participant observation, we develop a case study that demonstrates implications for 'risk context,' or the total situation of an actor's vulnerability brought on by digital participation in publishing online. We describe what digital participation is good for, and for whom, thus further theorizing relationships between agency and co-production.

The education sector in Ukraine, as in most other countries of the world, is facing a global challenge due to the spread of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Educational institutions are in an emergency situation and are forced to switch to distance or mixed learning. As a result, there were difficulties with the implementation of a new alternative model, according to which educational institutions have started to work and provide a wide range of their services. The purpose and novelty of the article is a systematic generalization of the results of the extreme mode of operation of educational institutions during the pandemic to adapt them to the extraordinary situation of functioning and further development. The method of research is the systematization of empirical data on individual practices of different types of educational institutions and, on this ground, determination of the possibility of combining in a holistic operation mechanism in terms of the social justice and effi ciency principles. Th e article analyzes the readiness of the education system for distance learning in the context of a pandemic, determines positions for the regulation and sustainable adjustment of educational institutions, ensuring fair access for various segments of society to online resources, the formation of positive scenarios for the education functioning in the epidemic and post-epidemic period. The paper uses the main theoretical positions formulated in the monograph "COVID 19. Great Overload" by Klaus Schwab, economist, founder and president of the World Economic Forum in Davos since 1971, and his co-author Thierry Muller, a publicist and researcher. One of the main provisions concerning education and its long-term development is that the current crisis is forcing society to realize that most decisions are based on moral and fair choices, and that in the future it is possible to move away from personal interests and create a more harmonious society. The UN materials on the analysis of the COVID-19 consequences for the education system and its reconstruction in the future are also used. The study identifies the dynamics of processes throughout the pandemic. Positive and problematic practices are given. The findings obtained from research and experience can be the basis for developing measures to help education institutions to overcome the "transition period". The key factors of their stability are the general education services (digital libraries, online education platforms), mobilization of teaching and student contingents to work in new conditions, compliance of financial and distribution mechanisms with the requirements of the time.

Accumulation of knowledge, the role of education and innovations in the stimulation of economic development are important for understanding the endogenous theory of growth. The aim of this paper is to determine the strength and direction of relations between independent variables of education, technological development, innovations, foreign investments and the economic growth of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The relations between variables are assessed by multiple regression analysis for the period 2005 - 2017. GDP per capita (pc), as a measure of general wellbeing and economic development is a dependent variable of the regression model. Education Years Average, Technological readiness and Innovations are explanatory variables, whereas Foreign investments and Macroeconomic environment are control variables. The results indicate statistical significance of variables Education Years Average, Technological readiness and Innovations. The first two variables indicate a positive effect on the economic development, whereas Innovations have a negative effect on the economic development. The control variables are statistically insignificant. Therefore, more investment is recommended in the field of education, science and research. Institutions should be more developed and scientific-research systems should be harmonized with the European Union. It is the only way for B&H to be able to respond to global challenges when it comes to competitiveness, export and the GDP growth. Examples and experiences of this country can be useful for research activities in similar post-transition countries.

The article deals with the topic of literacy and visual literacy in the context of theoretical anchoring and characteristics. We adhere to generally accepted definitions of literacy and further develop our theory at the level of visual literacy as a new, contemporary concept of visual arts education at the present times.

Considering the exacerbation of present ecological crisis and the urgent need to restore natural balance, present paper proposes a new approach for envi ronmental education. Reviewing concepts as "cultures of nature", "cultural ecology", "environmental literacy" and "environmental culture", we recreate the strategies and goals of environmental education and propose a new con ceptual framework to establish environmental educating communities and promote environmental culture. This framework builds on the community itself and is structured in three different sequential stages: driving forces; so ciocultural transformation process; and environmental sustainability. Each stage feeds from its previous, being the first one both an initial trigger but al so the permanent driving forces that feed the all cycle. Driving forces from the first stage are taken from political and social will, which would create mechanism to promote environmental education and best practices. Second stage is a process of sociocultural transformation of the community contexts based on the implementation of environmental best practices and environ mental education programs, which should modulate and be modulated the/by community and its models of organization. Finally, our conceptual frame work advocates that this process will be able to reach the third stage, the en vironmental sustainability, supported by an environmental educating com munity that drives environmental culture, which should also boost the driv ing forces from the first stage, closing the loop. We conclude that, since this is a theoretical approach, it needs now to be validated through its implementa tion and evaluation in a real scenario. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Kitaura (2012) shows an inverse U-shape relationship between balanced growth and the tightness of educational borrowing constraints and argues that a loosening of constraints need not be Pareto-improving even if growth increases. We provide a careful analysis of the transition, showing that an unanticipated loosening of credit constraints is welfare-improving for initial generations, but may be detrimental to (some) subsequent generations when growth increases. Thus, we argue that governments concerned with re-election may support a loosening of credit at the expense of future generations.

Over the first U.N. development decade the Third World has made rather faster progress, as measured by the growth in national incomes, than had been expected. Nevertheless, though the average income per capita has risen by about 50 per cent since 1960 (with total income having almost doubled), these increases have been very unequally distributed both between and within countries. This has led to the conclusion, now widely held, that growth-oriented development strataegies are alone unlidely to solve the problem of poverty. Similarly, there has been a move away from the confidence placed upon the growth of national income per capita as an effective index of social welfare. There has therefore been a quickening interest, particularly on the part of multilateral and bilataeral donor agencies – notably the World Bank, I.L.O., O.D.M., and S.I.D.A. – in promoting changes in domestic policies within the Third World which would focus more upon increasing the welfare of the poorest groups.