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We examine whether compulsory voting influences political participation as measured by voter turnout, invalid voting, political interest, confidence in parliament, and party membership. In Austria, some states temporarily introduced compulsory voting in national elections. We investigate border municipalities across two states which differ in compulsory voting legislation using a difference-in-differences approach. The results show that compulsory voting increased voter turnout by 3.5 percentage points but we do not find long-run effects. Once compulsory voting was abolished, voter turnout returned to pre-compulsory voting levels. Microdata evidence suggests that compulsory voting tends to crowd out intrinsic motivation for political participation which may explain why compulsory voting is not found to be habit-forming.

Political participation to create social change is considered a professional and ethical imperative for social workers. Although researchers have examined overall political participation by social workers, little is known about how clinical social workers participate and the broader societal factors that influence their political participation. A critical phenomenological methodology was used with a sample of 23 clinical social workers from New England states to (1) identify how socio-political forces influenced their political activity; and, (2) understand how the concept of power affected individuals' level of engagement or inclination toward the political process. This article describes one of the study's major findings. Female participants described themselves as unqualified and/or unknowledgeable in the political sphere, with low levels of ambition and confidence to engage in political processes. Many female participants also described the challenges of achieving a work-life balance between their careers and traditional gender-based roles with little time left for political engagement. Social work education and policy advocacy can affect change that will increase the internal and external efficacy of social workers and create a policy environment that allows more options for all social workers in balancing the demands of professional and personal lives.

Ongoing changes in social structures, orientation, and value systems confront us with the growing necessity to address and understand transforming patterns of tolerance as well as specific aspects, such as social tolerance. Based on hierarchical analyses of the latest World Values Survey (2005–08) and national statistics for 28 countries, we assess both individual and contextual aspects that influence an individual's perception of different social groupings. Using a social tolerance index that captures personal attitudes toward these groupings, we present an institutional theory of social tolerance. Our results show that specific institutional qualities, which reduce status anxiety, such as inclusiveness, universality, and fairness, prevail over traditional socio-economic, societal, cultural, and democratic explanations.

In authoritarian states, emerging democracies, and well-established democracies alike, alternative accounts that contest official state narratives are common. Why do people believe such accounts even in the absence of supporting evidence? While this question has been explored in the United States, relatively little research has assessed it in other contexts. Through a survey experiment carried out in Pakistan, this article tests the impact of cues by political parties on belief in such conspiracy theories. The results provide evidence in favor of partisan cueing: When alternative narratives are endorsed by political parties viewed favorably by the respondent, they are more likely to be believed. I suggest that political parties are able to capitalize on misinformation and a lack of trust in official institutions for tactical advantage. Results differ by subgroup: Higher income and urban respondents are swayed more by their own party source than are lower income and rural individuals.

International audience ; Toute recherche en sciences sociales se doit d'interroger les conditions de (la possibilité de) sa réalisation. La contractualisation d'une Cifre avec une entreprise ne fait que renforcer l'évidence de cet impératif réflexif. La Cifre est un dispositif public-privé de financement, de sélection et d'orientation de la recherche, dont l'adaptation aux sciences sociales ne va pas de soi. Ce papier propose de poser les jalons d'une réflexion critique sur les tenants et les aboutissants de ces financements, nous ramenant à un débat ancien sur l'utilité sociale de nos disciplines. Dans une première partie, nous proposons de revenir à la genèse de la Cifre comme modalité de financement de l'employabilité des docteurs et comme dispositif public de soutien économique au secteur privé. Autrement dit, montrer en quoi la Cifre, en tant qu'encadrement de la recherche, préexiste à toute Cifre, en tant que cadre d'une recherche. Il s'agit ici de dépasser une une limite récurrente : souvent les bénéficiaires se concentrent sur leur Cifre, sans interroger au préalable ce qu'est la Cifre : à savoir, d'où vient ce dispositif et quels intérêts il sert ? Dans une deuxième partie, nous proposons de spécifier ces enjeux généraux par rapport au cas des sciences sociales, en nous centrant sur des thèses proches de la nôtre, pour montrer en quoi les prises en charge de l'impératif de réflexivité s'avèrent corrélées aux trajectoires des auteurs. Ce double propos nous sert d'appui à notre ouverture, pour évoquer en quoi les thèses Cifre en sciences sociales constituent le support potentiel d'un débat politique et scientifique sur les liens des sciences sociales aux évolutions du capitalisme et aux demandes sociales. Nous concluons, en rappelant la nécessité de tenir ensemble l'objectif d'une meilleure employabilité hétéronome des scientifiques – i.e. en dehors d'un champ scientifique autonome – et la raréfaction organisée de l'emploi académique, contre le risque de parler de (situations individuelles) ...

This article examines the relationships between the sociology of morality and behavioural sciences. It is argued that, although the classical sociological tradition provides valuable theoretical resources for understanding moral phenomena, the prevalence of behavioural sciences in the field is problematic for the 'new' sociology of morality, particularly given a wider naturalist movement represented by some modern social theorists. In the context of the current discussion about the future of the sociology of morality, especially the question of how it should react to the dominating biological and psychological approaches, I propose two possible perspectives for the field's ongoing development.

The paper assesses restrictive measures in the field of international scientific cooperation. The authors consider unilateral sectoral «science sanctions» as a large-scale phenomenon in modern international relations; analyze how the internationally recognized human right to science is ensured under sanctions conditions; substantiate a new direction of human rights activities. It is concluded that anti-Russian restrictive measures in the field of international scientific cooperation violate the basic right to science. The conclusion is formulated that scientific institutions become active subjects of extraterritorial violations of this right. The complication of the sanctions regime in the scientific sphere, including the introduction of horizontal and vertical restrictive measures, indicates the use of science for geopolitical purposes. The novelty of the study lies in the conceptualization of the deformations of the international legal order in the field of human rights as a result of the negative consequences of unilateral restrictive measures in the field of science.

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah : (1) mengetahui bagaimana implementasi program sertifikasi guru pada guru PPKn di SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara, Kabupaten Badung; (2) mengidentifikasi kendala yang dihadapi guru PPKn dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru dengan adanya implementasi program sertifikasi guru di SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara Kabupaten Badung; dan (3) menganalisis solusi terhadap permasalahan yang di hadapi guru PPKn sehubungan dengan profesionalisme guru di SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara Kabupaten Badung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara Kabupaten Badung. Subjek penelitian ini adalah para guru PPKn yang sudah bersertifikasi yang berjumlah 5 (lima) orang. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara, pencatatan dokumen, dan data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : (1) implementasi program sertifikasi guru di SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara Kabupaten Badung sudah berjalan dengan baik dimana sertifikasi berpengaruh terhadap sikap profesionalisme guru PPKn yang tercermin dari adanya peningkatan kinerja guru; (2) kendala yang dihadapi guru PPKn di SMP Negeri 2 Kuta Utara Kabupaten Badung yaitu penyediaan fasilitas pendidikan yang masih terbatas seperti LCD; masalah terhadap administrasi penilaian siswa sebagai implikasi dari penerapan kurikulum 2013. (3) analisis solusi terhadap kendala yang terjadi yaitu : sekolah dapat mengupayakan pemenuhan kebutuhan fasilitas pendidikan yang memadai dan relevan dengan pembelajaran terkini secara bertahap melalui perencanaan, pengeloalaan dan pemanfaatan dana yang tersedia, baik dari swadaya atau subsidi pemerintah; penyediaan tenaga TI professional untuk memberikan pelatihan guna membantu guru yang masih kesulitan mengerjakan administrasi penilaian siswa karena kendala pengoprasian ICT; perlunya pengaturan intensitas pertemuan MGMP PPKn secara rutin, guna membangun komunikasi yang efektif antar guru mata pelajaran PPKn. Kata-kata kunci: Guru PPKn, Program Sertifikasi Guru, Profesionalisme Guru Abstract The aims of this study are: (1) to find out how the implementation of the teacher certification program to the Pancasila and Civics Education teachers at SMP Negeri 2 Kuta North Badung Regency; (2) to identify the constraints faced by Pancasila and Civic Education teachers toward teacher professionalism with the implementation of teacher certification program at SMP Negeri 2 Kuta North Badung Regency; and (3) analyze the solutions to the problems that the Pancasila and Civics Education teachers often found in the relation of teachers professionalism at SMP Negeri 2 North Kuta Badung Regency. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Kuta North Badung Regency. The subjects of this research were 5 Pancasila and Civics Education teachers who are already certified. This study used observation, interview, and record-keeping when collecting the data, and then the data were analyzed descriptively. This study found that; (1) the implementation of the teacher certification program at SMP Negeri 2 Kuta North Badung Regency has been done well and the certification is affecting the Pancasila and Civics Education teacher professionalism which reflected in the improvement of teacher performance; (2) the problems that Pancasila and Civics Education teacher at SMP Negeri 2 Kuta North Badung Regency often faced is the educational facilities supplies that are still limited such as the LCD and the administration of student assessments problems as the affect of the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. (3) The Solution to problems that occur are: the school should be able to plan and manage the school budget either from governmental or government subsidies for gradually fulfilling the supply of educational facilities which relevant with the recent learning program; The provision of professionals IT to provide training for helping the teachers who are still working on the administration of student assessments difficulties because of the application of ICT program; the management of regular meeting of the Pancasila and Civics Education MGMPs, in order to establish effective communication among teachers of Pancasila and Civics Education. Keywords: Pancaila and Civics Eduvation Teacher, Teacher Certification Program, Teacher Professionalism

Hoineilhing Sitlhou (Ed.), Identity and Marginality in North East India, Challenges for Social Science Research. Orient BlackSwan, 2023, pp. 352, ₹1250 (Paperback), ISBN: 9789354423871.

Pankaj Sekhsaria. 2020. Nano Scale: Society's Deep Impact on Science, Technology and Innovation in India. Delhi: Authors UPFRONT, 182 pp., ₹495. ISBN: 9789387280700 (hardback).

Introduction:Thus in the beginning all the World was America -- Part I: Foundings, Law, Lawlessness, and John Ford -- Chapter 1. Virtue, Tyranny, and Political Rule in David Milch's Deadwood -- Chapter 2. Print the Legend: Violence, Virtue, and the Social Contract in Hang 'Em High and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance -- Chapter 3. John Ford's Legendary Western Ambiguity and White Settler Colonialism -- Chapter 4. This is Our Town': Political Community in High Noon and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance -- Part II: The Western as Mirror and Teacher -- Chapter 5. Simmering Madness: Mob Justice and The Ox-Bow Incident -- Chapter 6. The Loner on the 'Frontier of Unfilled Hopes and Unfilled Threats': Serling's Old West in Kennedy's New Frontier -- Chapter 7. No Man's Land: Film Cycles, Femininity, and Female Empowerment in the Modern Western -- Chapter 8. Horse Operas Talk Back: History, Memory, and the Black Cowboy Performing -- Chapter 9. Aristophanes in Spurs: Blazing Saddles, Attic Comedy, HBO, and the Politics of Democratic Laughter -- Part III: The Adaptable, International West -- Chapter 10. Towards Assimilationist Politics on the Filmic Frontier: Mid-Twentieth Century Westerns in Australia -- Chapter 11.Ideological Uses of the Western in Film Depictions of Post-War Polish Borderlands -- Chapter 12.Magnificent Strangers: Violence and Difference.

L'article met en évidence certaines racines populaires du vol spatial. Victor Coissac et Ary Sternfeld ont en effet chacun proposé des productions originales et pionnières dans le domaine des sciences spatiales, dans la mesure où elles tentent de prouver la faisabilité des voyages interplanétaires. Tous deux engagés dans le mouvement ouvrier, ils témoignent d'une forme de science populaire caractérisée par une dimension politique explicite. Cette dimension politique se manifeste notamment par leur investissement dans des œuvres de vulgarisation à destination des classes populaires. Leurs productions révèlent un usage des représentations visuelles qui s'inscrit en continuité avec une certaine culture scolaire des sciences et du dessin, caractéristique de la Troisième République. Ces auteurs ayant été longtemps oubliés, l'article revient également sur les conditions historiographiques de leur redécouverte.