Suchergebnisse

"Diese Untersuchung analysiert die Kausalstruktur regionaler Differenzierung von Arbeitsmärkten in den Niederlanden im Zeitraum 1975-1985. Mit Hilfe verschiedener (wirtschaftlicher) Stellenmarkttheorien wird ein heterodoxes Modell konstruiert. Die auf einem 'latent variable partial least squares' Modell beruhende Analyse zeigt sowohl die verhältnismässig geringe Wirkung von Vorschriftenvariablen auf den Arbeitsmarkt als auch die Bedeutung der sozio-ökonomischen Umgebung und des Produktionsprozesses auf. Zugleich weist sie auf die enge Verknüpfung von Angebot und Nachfrage und Pendlerverkehr hin. Die Gesamtheit der Einwanderung und Auswanderung erwies sich jedoch als unbedeutend für die regionale Differenzierung des Arbeitsmarkts. Die Untersuchung deutet einen anhaltenden Mangel regionalen Gleichgewichts von Angebot und Nachfrage an. Dies beruht, auch in Bezug auf die Bestrebungen der Regierung, auf der nachlassenden Beweglichkeit von Kapital in Richtung der hinterherhinkenden Regionen, auf der zunehmenden Bedeutung qualitativer Eigenschaften des Arbeitsmarkts und auf Hysterese in Verbindung mit Positionen Eingeweihter/Aussenstehender seitens mancher Erwerbstätiger." (Autorenreferat)

AbstractWhile there have been several attempts to measure the investment climate, by far the most widely recognised measure is the World Bank's Doing Business indicators (DBIs), ranking some 200 countries on their ease of doing business. Methodological criticisms have failed to dent their stature. This article is based on case studies of Pacific Island countries that demonstrate that identical reforms in different countries are assigned rankings so widely divergent that they call into question the validity of the DBIs. The findings cast doubt on targeting improved DBI rankings as a policy goal. Our case studies are the first to provide detailed country evidence supporting the criticisms levelled against the DBIs on conceptual grounds.

AbstractTransboundary pollution is a particularly serious problem as it leads people located at regional borders to disproportionately suffer from pollution. In China, where the environmental policy is decentralized and where environmental conflicts between provinces have occurred several times, transboundary pollution is likely to exist. However, until now, nearly all the studies have focused on developed countries. In this paper we study whether transboundary pollution problems exist in China. To do so, we estimate whether, within Hebei province, polluting firms are more likely to set up in border counties than in interior ones. The estimations of a count-data model allow us to conclude that border counties are more attractive destinations for polluting firms than counties located within the province. Moreover, it appears that this effect has strengthened over time.

A strategic issue facing many developing economies is the maintenance of natural resources, which are important in ecological terms as well as for providing income from tourism. This paper presents an analysis of the economic value of marine protected areas in the Seychelles. The contingent valuation method (CVM) is used to determine tourists willingness to pay (WTP) for visits to Seychelles' marine national parks. In addition, attitudinal and motivational data are related to respondents' stated economic preferences. Three hundred interviews were conducted in the Seychelles during June 1998 and both tourists having visited a park and a more general population of tourists were surveyed. The results demonstrate that different economic values are predicted for respondents from different countries who display a range of both consumer and citizen behaviour in constructing their preferences. In addition, significantly different WTP amounts are predicted depending on which particular marine parks are visited, and the expectations of visitors to Seychelles. The discussion focuses on exploring how this information may be of use to policy makers in setting a realistic pricing policy for visitors to Marine National Parks in the Seychelles.

There is no denying the fact that without women empowerment development goals of Bangladesh is always unreachable. This country belongs to a social system where women consider as a burden for the family. However, the scenario is changing with time. Nowadays, women are working in garments sector, education sector, banking sector, different NGO's and government organizations but the single garment sector where seventy percent of workers of 4.0 million are women and most of them are less educated, unskilled and from rural areas. These women have neither decision making power and nor access to resources before getting the job in the garments sector. The job creates ample opportunity for female workers by giving economic freedom, keeping them near the resources and facilities in the city area, and making them knowledgeable, and skills through training, counseling, and sharing problem with coworkers. The study reveals that empowerment of women vastly depends on four variables which are women's financial contribution to family, women's access to resources, women's participation in household decision making and their perception of coping capacity to shocks. It has been found that garments sector significantly contribute to enhance the female worker's ability to contribute financially, to participate in decision making, to access resources, and to cope with risks which ultimately increase their empowerment in the society as a whole.