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Political parties require polls designed for their purposes. Popularity polls not only fail to provide suitable information for planning campaign strategy but may cause inappropriate responses on the part of campaign workers who become overconfident or too discouraged to perform effectively. Analysts attached to a political party must explain away poll results. Sampling methods used by pollsters are generally not adaptable to campaign strategy. Useful information has to be obtained on ward and precinct levels, rather than by usual geographic breakdowns. Voting statistics, supplemented by information on the local level is most useful; supplementary information may be obtained from national and state polls. Specific recommendations are made io improve the utility polls have for planning strategy. Continuous polling between elections would be desirable. To implement this the author recommends setting up a research organization independent of the party, and separately financed. I. F. Lukoff.

Since the last three decades, immigration is one of the major phenomena that have been affecting Western Europe, bringing about several important consequences. Indeed, the issue is plenty of implications, both from a societal and political point of view. Does the immigration issue occupy a central position in the European political system? Even in years in which economic questions captured much of the attention of the principal actors (the institutions, political parties, media and public opinion), does this issue remain a constant presence on the public agenda? It should not of course be excluded that the economic crisis and the concerns linked to it, though not completely overshadowing immigration, may have contributed to changing in part its significance, reshaping the definition of the problem in the eyes of the actors. The paper intends to explore the dynamics that immigration has triggered inside the political system. First, we will examine some data and interpretations of the orientations of public opinion. Secondly, we will analyze the policy offerings that political parties formulate in response to the questions posed by public opinion, related to the issue of immigration. To this end, we will examine the principal electoral programs presented by major political parties for the general elections of five countries (France, Greece, Netherlands: 2012; Italy, Germany: 2013), with a focus on the attention received by the specific issue of irregular immigration and the question of the human rights.

The paper is based on a research project that engaged with and intervened in flood risk management in national policy and in two localities. Building on recent work in STS, we develop a framework for political analysis that complements existing understandings of environmental governance by focusing on the materiality of an issue and the ways in which it is articulated through various sites, shifting between different political modalities (its political trajectory). Each modality represents a different way in which an issue is framed such that it is opened to questioning and contestation, or subject to closure and containment. We conclude that differing understandings of what makes an environmental issue political mean that researchers need to pay close attention to how their own work is political and to different meanings and constitutions of 'the public', as well as looking for more ways of engaging with the politics of environmental issues in different modalities.

The Brexit is a term used to explain about the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union. Brexit is an important political development in the recent political scenario of Europe. It has its impacts on the economic and political future of the UK and the EU. In mid of 2016, a referendum was held in the UK to decide whether they should remain in the EU or exit. The British decided in favour of exit. In this study, descriptive analysis study covers the impacts of Brexit on the EU, possible post-Brexit challenges, and way forward for the EU. The post-Brexit challenges for the EU such as rise of anti-EU political forces spreading anti-migrants' sentiments in member states and economic challenges such as Budgetary gap, impact of Brexit on the structures of the EU institutions have been observed. It has also been observed that the EU will remain stable despite of the challenges. If it deals the situation with unity and harmony among its member states, the challenges can be turned into opportunities.

The Brexit is a term used to explain about the withdrawal of Great Britain from the European Union. Brexit is an important political development in the recent political scenario of Europe. It has its impacts on the economic and political future of the UK and the EU. In mid of 2016, a referendum was held in the UK to decide whether they should remain in the EU or exit. The British decided in favour of exit. In this study, descriptive analysis study covers the impacts of Brexit on the EU, possible post-Brexit challenges, and way forward for the EU. The post-Brexit challenges for the EU such as rise of anti-EU political forces spreading anti-migrants' sentiments in member states and economic challenges such as Budgetary gap, impact of Brexit on the structures of the EU institutions have been observed. It has also been observed that the EU will remain stable despite of the challenges. If it deals the situation with unity and harmony among its member states, the challenges can be turned into opportunities.

Passion and emotion run deep in politics, but researchers have only recently begun to study how they influence our political thinking. Contending that the long-standing neglect of such feelings has left unfortunate gaps in our understanding of political behavior, The Affect Effect fills the void by providing a comprehensive overview of current research on emotion in politics and where it is likely to lead. In sixteen seamlessly integrated essays, thirty top scholars approach this topic from a broad array of angles that address four major themes. The first section outlines the philosophical and.

Examines some of the possible political models the People's Republic of China might consider shifting to in the wake of economic development. Discussion begins with a look at Marxism, highlighting problems with the implementation of communism. It is argued that few believe Marxism should guide China's political future &, in fact, China has reached the end of Marxist ideology. The government is urging the revival of Confucianism to fill the moral vacuum left by this development. In this light, the main tenets of Confucianism are outlined, & whether it poses a challenge to Western-style liberal democracy is addressed. Issues with national-level democracy are next looked at, drawing on Cai Dingjian's essay on democratization in China. In this light, it is contended that national-level democratic rule will not develop in China; a meritocratic system is seen as the most likely political reform to garner support from political & intellectual elites. D. Edelman

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Mass Communication and Society on July 9th, 2018, available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/15205436.2018.1484489. ; Two interacting forces are subtly shifting the nature of American democracy—the public's increased use of social media for political information and meaningful changes in the demographic characteristics of the country. This study specifically examined ways in which social media use for political purposes could leverage greater offline political participation among Hispanics and Latinos—a rapidly growing segment of the population. Using social cognitive theory, this study evaluated features of users' social media network and social media behaviors that can facilitate greater political participation both online and offline. Results indicate that individuals' social media network expression and social media political expression experiences influence users' social media political efficacy, social media political expression, and eventually their offline political engagement. Special attention is given to the role of social media political efficacy in promoting broad forms of social media political expression and offline engagement for Hispanics and Latinos.