Suchergebnisse

1. "Dreading to engage her" : the critical reception of Mary Astell / William Kolbrener and Michal Michelson -- 2. Mary Astell, religion, and feminism : texts in motion / Sharon Achinstein -- 3. Mary Astell, A serious proposal to the ladies (1694), and the Anglican reformation of manners in late-seventeenth-century England / Hannah Smith -- 4. Astell's "design of friendship" in Letters and A serious proposal, part I / William Kolbrener -- 5. Mary Astell and John Locke / Mark Goldie -- 6. Mary Astell's law of the heart / Corrinne Harol -- 7. Religious nonconformity and the problem of dissent in the works of Aphra Behn and Mary Astell / Melinda Zook -- 8. "Great in humilitie" : a consideration of Mary Astell's poetry / Claire Pickard -- 9. "Tis better that I endure" : Mary Astell's exclusion of equity / Ann Jessie Van Sant -- 10. Mary Astell on the causation of sensation / Eileen O'Neill -- 11. Astell, Cartesian ethics, and the critique of custom / Jacqueline Broad -- 12. Are you experienced? : Astell, Locke, and education / E. derek Taylor -- 13. "Cry up liberty" : the political context for Mary Astell's feminism / Hilda L. Smith.

บทคัดย่อสังคมและวัฒนธรรมของคนในดินแดนเอเชียอาคเนย์มีความเข้มแข็งมาแต่ครั้งบรรพกาลเพราะสามารถเลือกรับปรับเปลี่ยนวัฒนธรรมจากภายนอกให้เหมาะสมกับสภาพสังคม ประเพณี และความเชื่อของตนเองอยู่ตลอดเวลา ตรงกับทฤษฎี Syncretism (การประสานความแตกต่างทางปรัชญาหรือศาสนา) ซึ่งสะท้อนถึงการประนีประนอมเพื่อตอบสนองต่อความต้องการของคนในสังคมทั้งในด้านจิตใจและการดำรงชีวิต หรือแม้แต่ด้านการเมืองการปกครอง กรณีของพุทธศาสนาในล้านนายุครุ่งเรืองระหว่างรัชสมัยพระเจ้าติโลกราชถึงพญาแก้ว (พ.ศ.1984-2068) ก็เช่นกัน เพราะแม้ว่าจะเป็นที่เข้าใจกันมาตลอดว่ามีที่มาจากคตินิกายเถรวาทหนพื้นเมือง และนิกายลังกาวงศ์หนสวนดอกและหนป่าแดง แต่แท้จริงแล้วพุทธศาสนานิกายเถรวาทแบบลังกาวงศ์บนดินแดนล้านนากลับมีลักษณะที่ผสมผสานเอาคติความเชื่อในลัทธิมหายานและนิกายวัชรยานเข้ามาแนบแน่นจนเป็นอันหนึ่งอันเดียวกันไปแล้ว เห็นได้จากพุทธลักษณะของพระพุทธรูปตลอดจนประเพณีและพิธีกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้องงานวิจัยชิ้นนี้ได้พยายามใช้วิธีการศึกษาแบบสหสาขาวิทยาระหว่างศาสตร์ต่างๆ ทั้งทางประวัติศาสตร์พุทธศาสนา และการเปรียบเทียบพุทธลักษณะตลอดจนเทคนิคการสร้างพระพุทธรูประหว่างล้านนา ลังกา และเนปาล-ทิเบต การศึกษากระบวนการปั้นหล่อพระพุทธรูปในปัจจุบันระหว่างช่างทั้ง 3 กลุ่ม การศึกษามหาบุรุษลักษณะในคัมภีร์มหายานและเถรวาท และการศึกษาคติปรัชญาศาสนาตลอดจนประเพณีและพิธีกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้องอันได้แก่พิธีพุทธาภิเษกและคติการบรรจุพระธาตุในองค์พระพุทธรูปจากการศึกษาพบว่าพระพุทธรูปเชียงใหม่ในช่วงยุครุ่งเรืองของล้านนาได้รับเอาประติมานวิทยาของพระพุทธรูปแบบปาละทั้งจากแคว้นเบงกอล พิหาร และแคว้นโอริสสา รวมทั้งประติมานวิทยาของพระพุทธรูปแบบเนปาล-ทิเบตบางประการในคติลัทธิมหายานและนิกายวัชรยานเข้ามาเป็นของตนเอง ซึ่งนอกจากบทบาทของศิลปะปาละที่ปรากฏในพระพุทธรูปหมวดพระพุทธสิหิงค์ที่ทราบกันดีอยู่แล้ว เรายังพบบทบาทศิลปะทิเบตในพระพุทธรูปปางมารวิชัยขัดสมาธิราบแบบเชียงใหม่บางองค์ มหาบุรุษลักษณะหลายประการของพระพุทธรูปล้านนายุครุ่งเรืองก็ตรงกับพระพุทธรูปเนปาล-ทิเบต ขณะเดียวกันพระพุทธรูปสัมฤทธิ์บางองค์ในยุคนี้ก็แสดงให้เห็นร่องรอยประเพณีการบรรจุพระธาตุในอุษณีษะซึ่งสามารถถอดออกจากพระเศียรได้ ประเพณีการบรรจุหัวใจพระเจ้าในพระพุทธรูปล้านนาที่ยังคงปฏิบัติกันอยู่ในปัจจุบันก็สามารถเทียบเคียงได้กับประเพณีรับเนของทิเบตซึ่งต้องมีการบรรจุซุงหรือธารณีและซกชิงหรือต้นไม้แห่งชีวิตในพระพุทธรูป รวมถึงคติการเคารพบูชาพระพุทธรูปทั้งในฐานะอุเทสิกเจดีย์และธรรมเจดีย์ควบคู่กัน พระเจ้าติโลกราชกษัตริย์องค์สำคัญในยุคนี้ยังทรงใช้คติพุทธศาสนุปถัมภกและจักรวรรดิราชาในการแผ่ขยายอำนาจของพระองค์จนสร้างความเข้มแข็งแก่ราชวงศ์มังรายมาจนถึงรัชสมัยพญาแก้ว บันทึกการเดินทางของสงฆ์ทิเบตที่กล่าวถึงสังคมพุทธศาสนาในนครหริภุญไชย และหลักฐานการเดินทางไปนมัสการพระธาตุเจดีย์ที่พุกามของพระเถระเชียงใหม่ในช่วงพุทธศตวรรษที่ 21-22 ย่อมยืนยันถึงบทบาทของคติลัทธิมหายานและนิกายวัชรยานที่เข้ามาผสมผสานกับวัฒนธรรมล้านนา และเส้นทางที่พระสงฆ์ในลัทธินิกายนี้ใช้เดินทางเชื่อมต่อกับดินแดนต่างๆ ได้เป็นอย่างดีคำสำคัญ: 1. พระพุทธรูป. 2. ยุครุ่งเรืองของล้านนา. 3. เถรวาท. 4. มหายาน. 5. วัชรยาน. 6. Syncretism. AbstractThe social and cultural strength of the Southeast Asian region has prevailed since theancient times due to adaptation to the cultures from outside and based on the social condition,customs and beliefs. This corresponds to the syncretism theory (blending philosophical andreligious differences), which reflects the tendency for compromising to suit the needs, inboth social and spiritual terms, as well as the politics and government. The same is true inthe case of Buddhism in Lān Nā in its prosperous period during the reign of Phayā Tilōk tothat of Phayā Kaeo (A.D. 1441-1525) although it was thought to have derived from beliefsof the Theravāda Lankan Sect of Suan Dok and Pa Daeng as well as the Theravāda LocalSect from Haripunchai. In reality the Lankan Theravāda Buddhism in Lān Nā is a blend ofMahāyāna and Vajrayāna beliefs to such an extent that it became one. Evidence can be seenfrom the characteristics of some of the Buddha images and relevant customs. In fact, theLankan Buddhist art was partly derived from the Mahāyāna beliefs in the earlier times.This research is considered to be multi-disciplinary as it involves Buddhist history, acomparison of Buddha image features, construction techniques for Buddha image making ofLān Nā, Sri Lankan, Nepal-Tibetan, a study of the casting process of Buddha images at thepresent time among three schools of artisans, a study on auspicious features of a great man inMahāyāna and Theravāda scriptures as well as beliefs about putting the Buddha relics insidesome Buddha images.This research reveals that that there were some reasons to believe that during thetime when Buddhism was prosperous, Lān Nā had received the Pala style of Buddha imagefromBengal-Bihara, Orissa and Tibet based on Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna beliefs, which makesit difficult to identify the origins. In addition to the well-known characteristics of Phra PhutthaSihing, the role of Tibetan art was also detected in the Māravijaya Buddhist image of theChiang Mai style. Several characteristics of a great man found in La Na style Buddha imagesduring its prosperous era were also found in the Nepal-Tibet Buddha images. At the sametime, some bronze Buddha images of this period also reflect the custom of putting Buddha relics inside the images through usnīsa, the head part, which could be opened. Another similarpractice was placing the Buddha heart inside the Lān Nā Buddha images, which continuesuntil today, which could be related to the Tibetan custom of Rub Gnas where gzung or Srogshing was put inside the Buddha images. This includes the belief about paying respect to theBuddha images as Udesikachedi and Dharmachedi. Phayā Tilōk who was an important kingof that period used the Buddhist tradition of supporting Buddhism and Kingship in expandinghis power, resulting in the strength of the Mangrai Dynasty until the reign of Phayā Kaeo. Arecord of Tibetan monks' journey about the Buddhist society in the City of Haripunchai andevidence of pilgrimages to pay respect to the chedi housing the Buddha relic at Pagan of somerevered monks from Chiang Mai during the 15th and 16th Centuries confirm the role and theroute of the Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna sects that blended into Lān Nā culture very well.Keywords: 1. Buddha Image. 2. Golden Age of Lān Nā. 3. Theravāda. 4. Mahāyāna.5. Vajrayāna. 6. Syncretism.

The Fourth Eye brings together Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars to provide a critical and comprehensive account of the intricate and complex relationship between the media and Maori culture. Examining the Indigenous mediascape, The Fourth Eye shows how Maori filmmakers, actors, and media producers have depicted conflicts over citizenship rights and negotiated the representation of Indigenous people

The people of Quirpini, a rural community in the Bolivian Andes, are in constant motion. They visit each other's houses, work in their fields, go to nearby towns for school, market, or official transactions, and travel to Buenos Aires for wage labor. In this rich ethnography, Stuart Alexander Rockefeller describes how these places become intertwined via circuits constituted by the movement of people, goods, and information. Drawing on the work of Henri LeFebvre, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, and Nancy Munn, Rockefeller argues that by their travels, Quirpinis play a role in shaping the places they move through. This compelling study makes important contributions to contemporary debates about spatiality, temporality, power, and culture.

This book is a systematic study of New York City's Chinatown gangs. First-hand data was collected from a substantial number of gang victims, gang members, community leaders, and law enforcement authorities. Also examined are the details and severity of gang extortion, gang characteristics, gang violence, gang enterprise, and gang control strategies.

"Governing Affects explores the neoliberal transformation of state governance in Europe towards affective forms of dominance, exercised by customer oriented neo-bureaucracies and public service providers. By investigating the rise of affective labour in contemporary European service societies and the conversion of state administrations into business-like public services, the authors trace the transformative power of neoliberal political thought put into practice. The book examines new affective modes of subjectivation and activation of public employees as well as their embodiment of affective requirements to successfully guide and advise citizens. Neoliberalism induces a double agency in neo-bureaucrats: entrepreneurialism coupled with affective skills for the purpose to govern clients in their own best interests. These competences are unevenly distributed between the genders, as their affective dispositions differ historically. Drawing on theoretical concepts of Foucault and Bourdieu the book offers innovative insights on recent processes of state transformation, affective subjectivation, and changes of labour relations. By combining theory building on governance with empirical research in key areas of state power the book will be of interest to scholars and researchers in a broad range of disciplines including political science, political sociology, and critical governance studies"--

In 1904 William Garrott Brown traveled the American South, investigating the region's political, economic, and social conditions. Using the pen name "Stanton," Brown published twenty epistles in the Boston Evening Transcript detailing his observations. The South at Work is a compilation of these newspaper articles, providing a valuable snapshot of the South as it was simultaneously emerging from post-Civil War economic depression and imposing on African Americans the panoply of Jim Crow laws and customs that sought to exclude them from all but the lowest rungs of southern society. A Harvard-educated historian and journalist originally from Alabama, Brown had been commissioned by the Evening Transcript to visit a wide range of locations and to chronicle the region with a greater depth than that of typical travelers' accounts. Some articles featured familiar topics such as a tobacco warehouse in Durham, North Carolina; a textile mill in Columbia, South Carolina; and the vast steel mills at Birmingham. However, Brown also covered atypical enterprises such as citrus farming in Florida, the King Ranch in Texas, and the New Orleans Cotton Exchange. To add perspective, he talked to businessmen and politicians, as well as everyday workers. In addition to describing the importance of diversifying the South's agricultural economy beyond cotton, Brown addressed race relations and the role of politicians such as James K. Vardaman of Mississippi, the growth of African American communities such as Hayti in Durham, and the role universities played in changing the intellectual climate of the South. The editor, Bruce E. Baker, has written an introduction and provided thorough annotations for each of Brown's letters. Baker demonstrates the value of the collection as it touches on racism, moderate progressivism, and accommodation with the political status quo in

Students and social scientists concerned with caste studies will agree to a socio-cultural phenomenon called Sanskritization among people of caste communities that are not recognized as belonging to castes primarily affiliated to either of the three varnas of Brahman, Kshatriya and Vaishya. What is Sanskritization? Following M. N. Srinivas, who put forward the concept of Sanskritization in Religion and Society among the Coorges of South India (1952) to explain upward social movement (?) among Hindu tribal groups or 'lower' caste groups imitating and gradually incorporating 'upper' caste people's social, cultural behaviour, rituals, customs, and religious practices, there exist an array of works deliberating upon this collective behavioural instance called Sanskritization (Beteille, 1969; Gould, 1961; Patwardhan, 1973; Sachchidananda, 1977; Lynch, 1974). These studies have generally accepted Sanskritization as an effective tool for cultural integration between different caste groups by ensuring movements of people across caste barriers; in other words, Sanskritization spells a common idiom of social mobility (Beteille, 1969, p. 116).
This paper does not support the view that Sanskritization has been an effective socio-cultural instrument in moving towards a society that does not swear by caste-principles. Rather, Sanskritization, a concrete social fact among the 'lower' castes people, seems to obliquely prove the productive logic of caste through the imitation of the Brahmin. Following Gramsci's conceptualisation of the necessity of a subaltern initiative in any counter-hegemony project, the paper further argues that Sanskritization is regressive to the extent that it is antithetical to any such subaltern political initiative against caste.

On the one hand, mobility policies encourage intermodal behavior and, on the other hand, innovation and digitalization are focus of the news. In this context, new ticketing and traveler information technologies are developing more and more. The study focuses on identifying impacts of integration a new technology on the operation of intermodality into regional intermodal projects. In particular, impacts on the customer journey, impacts on the operation of the systems and impacts on the organizers of the mobility are studied. The study is based on five intermodal projects on a regional scale in France. ; Dans un contexte où d'une part les politiques de mobilité encouragent les comportements intermodaux et où d'autre part l'innovation et la digitalisation sont au cœur de l'actualité, les nouvelles technologies billettiques et d'information voyageur se développent de plus en plus. L'étude menée s'attache à identifier des impacts sur le fonctionnement de l'intermodalité quant à l'intégration d'une nouvelle technologie dans le cadre de projet régionaux intermodaux. Sont notamment étudiés :les impacts sur le parcours client, les impacts sur l'exploitation des systèmes ainsi que les impacts pour les organisateurs de la mobilité. L'étude s'appuie sur cinq projets intermodaux à l'échelle régional en France.

On the one hand, mobility policies encourage intermodal behavior and, on the other hand, innovation and digitalization are focus of the news. In this context, new ticketing and traveler information technologies are developing more and more. The study focuses on identifying impacts of integration a new technology on the operation of intermodality into regional intermodal projects. In particular, impacts on the customer journey, impacts on the operation of the systems and impacts on the organizers of the mobility are studied. The study is based on five intermodal projects on a regional scale in France. ; Dans un contexte où d'une part les politiques de mobilité encouragent les comportements intermodaux et où d'autre part l'innovation et la digitalisation sont au cœur de l'actualité, les nouvelles technologies billettiques et d'information voyageur se développent de plus en plus. L'étude menée s'attache à identifier des impacts sur le fonctionnement de l'intermodalité quant à l'intégration d'une nouvelle technologie dans le cadre de projet régionaux intermodaux. Sont notamment étudiés :les impacts sur le parcours client, les impacts sur l'exploitation des systèmes ainsi que les impacts pour les organisateurs de la mobilité. L'étude s'appuie sur cinq projets intermodaux à l'échelle régional en France.

On the one hand, mobility policies encourage intermodal behavior and, on the other hand, innovation and digitalization are focus of the news. In this context, new ticketing and traveler information technologies are developing more and more. The study focuses on identifying impacts of integration a new technology on the operation of intermodality into regional intermodal projects. In particular, impacts on the customer journey, impacts on the operation of the systems and impacts on the organizers of the mobility are studied. The study is based on five intermodal projects on a regional scale in France. ; Dans un contexte où d'une part les politiques de mobilité encouragent les comportements intermodaux et où d'autre part l'innovation et la digitalisation sont au cœur de l'actualité, les nouvelles technologies billettiques et d'information voyageur se développent de plus en plus. L'étude menée s'attache à identifier des impacts sur le fonctionnement de l'intermodalité quant à l'intégration d'une nouvelle technologie dans le cadre de projet régionaux intermodaux. Sont notamment étudiés :les impacts sur le parcours client, les impacts sur l'exploitation des systèmes ainsi que les impacts pour les organisateurs de la mobilité. L'étude s'appuie sur cinq projets intermodaux à l'échelle régional en France.

This book presents innovative research on various aspects of sustainability in the field of operations management and illustrates the potential of sustainability thinking and practice to improve operations performance and thereby meet customer needs. Particular attention is devoted to corporate social responsibility and marketing strategy, knowledge management for sustainability, the role of culture in a sustainable built environment, sustainable manufacturing through the application of lean and green concepts, advancing sustainability through ISO standards, and the sustainable supply chain. The present decade is proving to be a time of change in terms of business strategies and operations management. Many of the trends are still subject to uncertainty, but an understanding of the need for, and benefits of, sustainability can give a clear indication of their trajectory. Consumers and markets in general believe that while implementing their business strategies, companies should also try to improve society and the environment and to exercise social responsibility toward their employees. This book provides insights into how this may be achieved, and it is recommended for researchers as well as all practitioners and managers dedicated to enhancing sustainability in operations.

Das Agribusiness ist eine Branche, die sich zahlreichen Veränderungen im politischen, ökonomischen sowie gesellschaftlichen Umfeld ausgesetzt sieht. Durch die Analyse der Geschäftsbeziehungen im Rahmen des Relationship Managements können marktliche sowie nicht-marktliche Beziehungen optimiert werden und die Anpassungen an die Unternehmensumwelt gezielt gesteuert werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurden exemplarisch aus drei verschiedenen Blickwinkeln des Relationship Managements Beziehungen zwischen Unternehmen und Kunden, Lieferanten sowie externen Anspruchsgruppen untersucht. Als Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass besonders in den marktlichen Beziehungen monetäre Größen wie Auszahlungs- oder Endabgabepreis nicht die wichtigsten Variablen sind. Vielmehr sind es weiche Faktoren, z. B. die Kommunikation mit den Lieferanten oder landwirtschaftliche Orientierung, die sich auf die Beziehungsqualität auswirken. Insgesamt kann festgestellt werden, dass das Agribusiness in vielen Punkten gezielter mit seinen (Geschäfts-)beziehungen umgehen muss, um sich besser an die Anforderungen des Marktes und der Gesellschaft anzupassen. ; The agribusiness has to face numerous changes in the political, economical and social environment. By analysing relationships with approaches of relationship management, market and non-market relationships can be optimised and adoptions to the enterprises environment can be managed precisely. In this dissertation, relationships between companies and their customers, suppliers, and external stakeholders are analysed exemplarily from three different perspectives of relationship management. As a result it can be shown that especially in market relationships monetary measures such as prices and final accounts are not the most important variables. Far more important for determining the relationship quality are soft factors such as communication with suppliers or farmer orientation. In a whole it can be said that companies in the agribusiness have to deal more focussed with their (business) relationships to better adopt to demands of markets and society as well.

International audience ; Mongol law, the jasaq, haws provied the basis of a long tradition of studies which were inaugurated by Pétis le la Croix in 1710. He was the first to definine a list of precepts of the jasaq, but without taking consideration either the chronologie or their origin. Most subsequent scholars deling with the question revived the same vision of the jasaq. Debate focused on whether or not the Mongols possed a written code of laws. But, until now, little discussion has taken place concerning with the jasaq represented for the Mongols themselwes and how this Mongol « law » was percieved by medieval authors who, on the whole, confused the edits (jasaq) with customs (yosun). The paper examines the jasaq in its political and cultural contextes and, in particular, in th analysis of the precepts takes into consideration the shamanisme, the Mongol system of representations. Reasons of the lack of understunding by Muslims, in particular the Mamluks historiens, of certains customs in disharmony with Islam and thereby highlight, reasons with led them to see in the jasaq an equivalent of the šarī'a: a Mongol order imposed on muslim populations wich had fallen under their domination. This paper is in relation with: D. Aigle, "Le 'grand yasa' de Gengis-khan, l'empire, la culture mongole et la sharī'a", Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 47/1, 2004, p. 31-79. ; La loi mongole, le jasaq, a donné lieu à une longue tradition d'études qui fut inaugurée par Pétis le la Croix dans un ouvrage publié en 1710. Il fut le premier à dresser une liste des préceptes du jasaq sans tenir compte de la chronologie des sources et de leur provenance. Les chercheurs qui se sont penchés par la suite sur cette question ont repris, pour la plupart d'entre eux, cette vision du jasaq. Le débat s'est ensuite focalisé sur l'existence ou non d'un code de loi écrit chez les Mongols. Mais, jusqu'à présent, il a été peu discuté de ce que le jasaq représentait pour les Mongols eux-mêmes et comment cette « loi » mongole ...