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Shipping list no.: 2013-0152-P. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Students from 22 nations answered a survey on the most important events in world history. At the national level, free recalling and a positive evaluation of World War II (WWII) were associated with World Values Survey willingness to fight for the country in a war and being a victorious nation. Willingness to fight, a more benign evaluation of WWII, and recall of WWII were associ- ated with nation-level scores on power distance and low postmaterialism, suggesting that values stressing obedience and competition between nations are associated with support for collective violence, whereas values of expressive individualism are negatively related. Internal political vio- lence was unrelated to willingness to fight, excluding direct learning as an explanation of legit- imization of violence. Recall of wars in general (operationalized by WWI recall) was also unrelated to willingness to fight. Results replicate and extend Archer and Gartner's classic study showing the legitimization of violence by war to the domain of collective ...

Eine faktenreiche Analyse der Menschenrechtssituation in Nigeria seit der Machtübernahme der Militärs in 1993. Im einzelnen werden zentrale politische Entscheidungen dargelegt, wie die Annulierung der Wahlen, die Verabschiedung eines Transitionsprogramms, gesetzliche Regelungen für die Registrierung von politischen Parteien, die Kommunalwahlen und die Einsetzung einer Menschenrechtskommission durch die nigerianische Regierung und die damit jeweils verbundenen Einschränkungen der Menschen- und Staatsbürgerrechte benannt. Der Hauptteil befaßt sich mit der politischen Verfolgung von Oppositionspolitikern durch die nigerianische Regierung, wobei zahlreiche Einzelfälle aufgeführt sind. Der Ogoni-Konflikt und die Reaktionen des Auslandes bilden einen weiteren Teil des Berichtes. (DÜI-Spl)

"On September 21 and 22, 2009, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a group of 20 experts in the field of community design to discuss raising awareness about the health impact of community design decisions. The gathering included top thought leaders whose organizations represent those who play a direct role in creating the built environment through action and policy--developers, architects, planners, builders, academia, public health professionals, and government officials. Its interdisciplinary nature was both unique and intentional. The workshop was conceived as a result of a series of interviews in September and October 2008 that CDC had conducted with professionals in the public health, planning, and built environment sectors. From these interviews, two key themes emerged: A common concern about health exists, but common language among the disciplines is lacking; Almost no cross-discipline synergy on shared health concerns exists, and local public health professionals are not in the loop at the critical early stages of policy and project development." - p. 4 ; I. Executive Summary -- II. Overview -- III. What is Healthy Community Design? -- IV. Who influences Healthy Community Design/How do they view the current situation and CDC's role? -- V. Where is Healthy Community Design working? -- VI. What steps do we need to take to encourage widespread adoption of industry best practices? -- VII. Tool for evaluating objectively the potential health effects of a project or policy before it is built or implemented: Health Impact Assessments (HIA) -- VIII. The Path forward -- IX. Conclusion ; Mode of access: World Wide Web as an Acrobat .pdf file (566 KB, 52p.).

Letter writer: Morris Brown Jr.; Letter recipient: Maria C. Brown and Morris Brown, Sr. ; Date created: May 22, 1864 ; Primary source material

Restricting children's exposures to marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages is a global obesity prevention priority. Monitoring marketing exposures supports informed policymaking. This study presents a global overview of children's television advertising exposure to healthy and unhealthy products. Twenty-two countries contributed data, captured between 2008 and 2017. Advertisements were coded for the nature of foods and beverages, using the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) Europe Nutrient Profile Model (should be permitted/not-permitted to be advertised). Peak viewing times were defined as the top five hour timeslots for children. On average, there were four times more advertisements for foods/beverages that should not be permitted than for permitted foods/beverages. The frequency of food/beverages advertisements that should not be permitted per hour was higher during peak viewing times compared with other times (P < 0.001). During peak viewing times, food and beverage advertisements that should not be permitted were higher in countries with industry self-regulatory programmes for responsible advertising compared with countries with no policies. Globally, children are exposed to a large volume of television advertisements for unhealthy foods and beverages, despite the implementation of food industry programmes. Governments should enact regulation to protect children from television advertising of unhealthy products that undermine their health.