Suchergebnisse

В статье изложены результаты изучения динамики стратегий преодолевающего поведения курсантов высшего военного учебного заведения в условиях профессиональной социализации. Анализ данных, полученных в ходе проведенного исследования, позволяет определить собственное видение проблемы и необходим в дальнейшем для обнаружения социально-психологических детерминант стратегий преодолевающего поведения ; The article presents the results of studying the dynamics of strategies for overcoming behavior of students from the higher military educational institution in terms of professional socialization. Analysis of data, obtained in the course of the study, allows the author to reach their own vision of the problems, and also the analysis are needed in the future to determine the socio-psychological determinants of strategies for overcoming behavior.

В статье автором предпринята попытка рассмотреть зарождение института выборов органов местной власти на Руси в период IX-XV веков. Автор определил, что зарождение выборных начал следует связывать с древнерусской вечевой деятельностью. Рассмотрен порядок избрания князя, социальный состав вече, причины упадка вечевого устройства. ; In the article the author undertakes the attempt to consider the origin of the institution of elections to the local government body in the IX-XV centuries Russia. It is stated that the origin of electoral principles should be connected with the activity of Old Russian veche. Accordingly the procedure of the prince electing, veche social status, the causes of veche institute decaying are described

В статье рассматривается политическая программа великого князя Константина Николаевича Романова, моделируемая по отдельным эпизодам его участия в государственных делах. Автор выделяет стержневые аспекты программы, ее идеологию и мотивацию. Фактография статьи дополняет портрет либеральной бюрократии России эпохи великих реформ, ее противостояние с «правым» лагерем в окружении императора Александра II. ; In article gives a review of the political program of grand duke Konstantin Nikolayevich Romanov that is modeled on separate episodes of his participation in state affairs. The author points out crucial aspects of the program, its ideology and motivation. The article adds to the portrait of liberal bureaucracy in Russia in the time of great reforms, opposition with the "right" wing in emperor Alexander II's milieu.

In the center of attention of the article is the life of one of the little-known figures of the Time of Troubles, who was in the center of events, related to the formation of the Novgorod-Swedish political union, and the negotiations in Yaroslavl between the leaders of the Nizhny Novgorod's militia and Novgorod's citizens. The author considers the following life of this person in detail, his joining the government of Michael Romanov, his post of voevoda of Saratov, taking part in the construction of a new fortress in Astrakhan. The article pays attention to the unknown facts of Saratov history on the left bank of the Volga in the 1620-s.

In this article, the author defines Puerto Rico as a nation, an imagined community with its own territory, history, language, and culture. Nevertheless, the Island lacks a sovereign state, an independent government that represents the population of that territory. This unsovereign state has long sponsored population displacements from Puerto Rico to the United States. Since the beginning of the twentieth century, colonial officials embraced migration as a safety valve for the Island's overpopulation. During the 1950s and 1960s, the Commonwealth government spurred the "Great Migration" to the U.S. mainland. The Farm Labor Program, overseen by the Migration Division of Puerto Rico's Department of Labor, illustrates the complicated negotiations required by a transnational colonial state.

How can professional competence be measured? How can competences be detected early in vocational training so that European professional qualifications can be made comparable? The book examines the structure and scope of competences relating to competence requirements of business management. The author develops tools for measuring professional competences which allow for the systematic recording of job activities and argumentations. This is based on a business domain model which can be used for the development of instruments for measuring competences as well as for designing training programs. After an introduction to probabilistic test theory, the book presents psychometric models and procedures of vocational competence measurements in full time school and dual educational systems.

"Democracy promotion is an issue at the heart of U.S. national identity and no U.S. president can afford to ignore or disregard it completely. Nevertheless, there has been considerable debate over how recent presidencies have addressed this issue. In this report the author assesses Obama and his most recent predecessors, Clinton and Bush, in terms of their democracy promotion policies and examines the future prospects of such policy. She concludes that the Obama administration is more sober and pragmatic in assessing democracy promotion's chances and seems to be pursuing a new foreign policy valuing partnership and engagement - even with authoritarian governments - over normative dogmatism and unilateralism." (author's abstract)

In the young Turkish Republic which has rather adopted the French system of laicism as a model instead of the English secularism it is now necessary to evaluate the evolution of each of these systems. At the time of the centenary of the French laicism and the law of 2004, covering the ostentatious display of religious symbols at schools, the author looks into the history of laicism and its application in France so as to make it more understandable but also to criticise the system. He further analyses whether this system can be adapted to the Turkish Republic which is preparing to become a Member of the European Union.

This article studies the issue of a typological categorization for the Czech party system. The author works from Sartori's concepts of moderate and polarized pluralism; the reasons for using this concept are laid out in the theoretical part of the text. An analysis of individual phases of development of the Czech party system shows that until the middle part of the last decade the Czech party system could not be fit into a single type. However, analysis of the current form of the
Czech party system at the electoral and parliamentary levels shows that the today's Czech multi-party system displays the characteristics of a moderate pluralism.

This international, comparative study looks at the impact of international organisations on the implementation of educational policies using the concept of lifelong learning as an example. Influenced by the EU and the OECD, lifelong learning has become a central theme of international educational policies.
The author examines the reception and the implementation of the concept of lifelong learning in models of educational monitoring and news coverage in three European countries (Germany, Finland and Greece). Even though the interpretations of the concept differ in the three chosen countries due to cultural differences, the results still confirm the establishment of lifelong learning as a pioneering vision and the guiding and controlling potential of international organizations.

This text is an attempt to analyze the works of a selection of contemporary artistic photographers (including Weronika Łodzińska, Reiko Imoto and Todda Hido) from the perspective of sociology and visual anthropology. The first is represented by the texts of Pierre Bourdieu as well as John Tagg, while the latter by Hans Belting and Gaston Bachelard. The author examines the photographic manner of picturing society and the cultural identity of the subjects — from the typical studio portrait through social projects (August Sander) to contemporary documentary photography in which the identity of the individual and their social position is shown without the presence of a model (Candida Höfer).

The presence of minority groups with cultural backgrounds that differ from mainstream society cultural standards may determine a gap between social opportunities and personal options: it can be the case that social opportunities in society as a whole are not perceived as effective options by the members of minority groups. Furthermore, the building of options is hindered by the sort of hate messages which strongly affect the portrayal of minority groups and contribute in turn to diminish personal autonomy. The author affirms that, since options are context-dependent and personal autonomy relies on them, hate speech in multicultural societies compromises the degree of personal autonomy of members of minority groups.

Drawing on his experiences as a journalist in Eastern Europe, the author describes Eastern perceptions of the West before and after the collapse of Communism in 1989. Although the West has often taken its political and economic system for granted, those living behind the Iron Curtain clearly recognised the advantages in quality of life and personal freedom made possible under democracy. However, since 1989 the Western model of capitalism and the rule of law has grown threadbare, losing much of the credibility it once held. It is important that we re-establish the moral confidence we once had in our democratic system and recover the necessary enthusiasm to make capitalism work properly.

AbstractAlthough there is no shortage of literature on why mediators should be allowed to give evaluations and why parties in dispute allegedly want and need evaluations, there is a relative lack of empirical literature on the subject of what exactly qualifies as competent evaluative mediation practice. The author reviews existing literature to formulate a description of the behaviors that would be considered competent in evaluative mediation practice, and to open a discussion of the implications of these findings for such contemporary fieldwide conversations as defining quality mediation, establishing performance‐based competency standards, distinguishing among approaches to practice, and exploring the relationship between underlying values and practice approaches.

- William F. Ogburn's theory of «Cultural Lags» has suffered from misinterpretation and simplification in sociological literature. As a consequence it has been considered outdated, notwithstanding the fact that it is a structural interpretation of social change and not, perfunctorily, a description of two «cultures». The author, already conscious of such misinterpretations, presented a brief essay, published two years before his death, on suggestions and more specific hermeneutic statements regarding the theory. These uncover its usefulness as a conceptually versatile instrument, extremely important for the understanding of a series of phenomena that appear deeply rooted to the processes of globalization, with particular reference to dynamics of encounter among different historical and cultural configurations.